多酶微片胶囊中胃蛋白酶的活力测定

目的:建立多酶微片胶囊中胃蛋白酶活力测定的方法.方法:利用胃蛋白酶作用于底物血红蛋白,酶解生成不被三氯醋酸沉淀的小分子肽和氨基酸,并以酪氨酸为对照,在275 nm波长处测定吸收度.结果:胃蛋白酶平均回收率为101.6%,RSD为1.79%(n=9).结论:本法便捷,准确可靠,重现性好,可用于多酶微片胶囊中胃蛋白酶活力的测定.     

Technical standards for micro sensors in surgery and minimally invasive therapy

The development of medical applications is fuelled in the context of steadily growing needs and the requirement of lowering overall costs. Micro systems will have an extremely important impact on medical technology in the future. The great challenges for the wider use of micro structures in health applications are biocompatibility and mass production. Especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) need help to overcome these problems by free access to knowledge, the availability of standards and contacts to partners.     

经皮肾穿刺微造瘘碎石取石术治疗复杂肾结石的临床应用

目的 通过观察经皮肾穿刺微造瘘碎石取石术(MPCNL)治疗复杂肾结石的临床疗效,总结其临床价值.方法 回顾性分析2010~2011年期间收治的复杂性肾结石患者200例,其中100例患者采用经皮肾穿刺微造瘘碎石术治疗,另外100例患者进行常规的体外碎石术(ESWL).观察两组的治疗效果,主要是对住院时间、并发症,碎石率、复发率进行比较.结果观察组中住院时间、并发症发生率、碎石率、复发率等均与对照组有明显差异具有统计学意义 (P<0.05).经皮肾穿刺微造瘘碎石取石术治疗复杂肾结石的临床疗效有着姣好的临床评价.结论 采用经皮肾穿刺微造瘘碎石取石术(MPCNL)治疗复杂肾结石的效果比常规治疗的效果好,碎石率高,复发率小.对肾结石的治疗效果明显,值得临床推广使用.     

MicroRNAs can effectively induce formation of insulin‐producing cells from mesenchymal stem cells

MicroRNAs regulate insulin secretion, pancreatic development and beta cell differentiation. However, the function of microRNAs in the formation of insulin‐producing cells (IPCs) from adult stem cells is poorly understood. We examine the microRNA expression profile in nestin‐positive umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (N‐UCMSCs) and nestin‐positive pancreatic mesenchymal stem cells using a deep sequencing approach. We also selected specific microRNAs for overexpression in N‐UCMSCs and found that miR‐375 and miR‐26a induced IPCs differentiation from N‐UCMSCs by downregulating target genes including mtpn, sox6, bhlhe22 and ccnd1. Small interfering RNAs were also used to knock down these genes in N‐UCMSCs to induce the formation of IPCs. These results suggest that endogenous microRNAs involved in the formation of IPCs from adult stem cells show promise for advancing the development of an effective cell transplant therapy for diabetes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Innovation in Chemistry,Manufacturing, and Controls—A Regulatory Perspective From Industry

This review describes the landscape of novel modalities such as cell and gene therapies, viruses, other novel biologics, oligomers, and emerging technologies, including modern analytics. We summarize the regulatory history and recent landmark developments in some major markets and examine specific chemistry, manufacturing, and controls (CMC) challenges, including suggestions for exploration of potential science-based approaches in support of regulatory strategy development from an industry perspective. In addition, we evaluate the economic factors contributing to patient access to innovation and discuss the impact of regulation. There is a desperate need for a consistent form of regulation where global approaches to regulatory strategies can be harmonized, and specific CMC challenges can be dealt with using the appropriate science and risk-based tools. Although these tools are well described in current guidance documents, the specifics of applicability to complex novel modalities can still result in differing regulatory advice and outcomes. The future goals for efficiently regulating innovative modalities and technologies could be aided by more regulatory harmonization, regulatory education, and industry cooperation through consortia, enabling industry to supply key information to regulators in a transparent yet well-defined manner, and utilizing mutually understood risk-benefit analyses to produce drugs with appropriate safety, efficacy, and quality characteristics.     

长非编码RNA在视网膜发育和眼部病变中的作用

长非编码RNA(lncRNA)是一类长度大于200个核苷酸,不具有编码蛋白功能的转录本,在哺乳动物细胞转录本中占很大比例.近年来,旨在阐明lncRNA在发育和疾病中功能的研究急剧增加.已经证实这类非编码RNA可以在表观遗传、转录和转录后水平调控基因表达.视网膜的发育依赖于复杂而精确的转录作用和转录调控.在这些调节机制中,lncRNA起到了重要的作用.现已知或预测lncRNA参与视网膜细胞亚型的分化和发育,并与若干眼部疾病相关.虽然,大部分lncRNA的分子机制还不清楚,但是它们很可能是决定视网膜细胞命运的重要组成部分.在视网膜发育中,lncRNA可诱导细胞分化、影响细胞周期并调控X染色体失活.在无眼畸形、糖尿病视网膜病变和脊髓小脑运动失调7型等眼部疾病中,lncRNA也发挥了重要作用.本文综述lncRNA在视网膜发育及眼部疾病中作用的最新研究进展及存在的问题,对基础和临床研究及药物靶点开发具有重要意义.