微信群对产妇出院后母乳喂养行为影响的研究

目的探讨微信群的应用对产妇出院后母乳喂养行为的影响。方法选择2014年9月至2015年3月在湖北省广水市一医院分娩出院的产妇1 121例,出院时按照随机数字表分法分为观察组460例和对照组661例。对照组产妇出院后按常规予以定期电话随访。观察组产妇出院时用二维码扫描进入"好妈妈"微信群,通过微信群平台随时随地交流,指导产后哺乳情况,比较两组母乳喂养率。结果观察组于出院后3、6、9个月的母乳喂养率(77.83%、53.34%、43.04%,)均高于对照组(59.90%、43.11%、30.86%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=13.88、25.36、102.41,P0.05)。结论通过微信群互动与交流,能显著提高和延长出院后产妇母乳喂养率。     

Contrast agent comparison for three‐dimensional micro‐CT angiography: A cadaveric study

Barium sulfate and lead oxide contrast media are frequently used for cadaver‐based angiography studies. These contrast media have not previously been compared to determine which is optimal for the visualisation and measurement of blood vessels. In this study, the lower limb vessels of 16 embalmed Wistar rats, and four sets of cannulae of known diameter, were injected with one of three different contrast agents (barium sulfate and resin, barium sulfate and gelatin, and lead oxide combined with milk powder). All were then scanned using micro‐computed tomography (CT) angiography and 3‐D reconstructions generated. The number of branching generations of the rat lower limb vessels were counted and compared between the contrast agents using ANOVA. The diameter of the contrast‐filled cannulae, were measured and used to calculate the accuracy of the measurements by comparing the bias and variance of the estimates. Intra‐ and inter‐observer reliability were calculated using intra‐class correlation coefficients. There was no significant difference (mean difference [MD] 0.05; MD 95% confidence interval [CI] ‐0.83 to 0.93) between the number of branching generations for barium sulfate‐resin and lead oxide‐milk powder. Barium sulfate‐resin demonstrated less bias and less variance of the estimates (MD 0.03; standard deviation [SD] 1.96 mm) compared to lead oxide‐milk powder (MD 0.11; SD 1.96 mm) for measurements of contrast‐filled cannulae scanned at high resolution. Barium sulfate‐resin proved to be more accurate than lead oxide‐milk powder for high resolution micro‐CT scans and is preferred due to its non‐toxicity. This technique could be applied to any embalmed specimen model. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

富硒当归治疗慢性肾衰竭的疗效及对患者微炎症状态的影响

目的研究富硒当归治疗慢性肾衰竭的疗效及对患者微炎症状态的影响。方法选取2014年3月至2015年3月该院接诊的80例慢性肾衰竭患者作为研究对象。按照随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组各40例。对照组采用常规治疗,观察组采用常规加富硒当归治疗,观察2组患者治疗前后肾功能指标血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、血红蛋白(Hb)的水平变化,微炎症状态中C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α水平变化,中医证候积分,治疗疗效情况。结果治疗后,观察组BUN、SCr均小于对照组[(16.08±3.29)mmol/L与(21.50±3.68)mmol/L,(330.21±81.96)μmol/L与(390.86±84.24)μmol/L],Hb高于对照组[(107.38±7.37)g/L与(98.27±6.36)g/L](P0.05);观察组CRP、IL-6、TNF-α均小于对照组[(5.92±1.14)mg/L与(7.26±2.02)mg/L,(24.75±7.12)pg/mL与(41.08±9.07)pg/mL,(112.16±20.16)ng/L与(134.46±22.16)ng/L],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后观察组中医证候积分小于对照组[(5.01±1.21)分与(9.36±2.43)分],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组总有效率优于对照组[95.00%(38/40)与75.00%(30/40)],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论富硒当归治疗慢性肾衰竭的疗效显著,能够有效地改善患者微炎症状态,能够提高疗效。     

Risedronate reduces intracortical porosity in women with osteoporosis

Nonvertebral fractures account for 80% of all fractures and their accompanying morbidity and mortality. Despite this, the effect of drug therapy on cortical morphology has received limited attention, partly because cortical bone is believed to remodel less and decrease less with age than trabecular bone. However, the haversian canals traversing the cortex provide a surface for remodeling that produces bone loss, porosity, and cortical fragility. We developed a new method of 3D micro‐computed tomography (µCT) to quantify intracortical porosity and the effects of treatment. Women with osteoporosis randomized to risedronate (5 mg/day, n = 28) or placebo (n = 21) had paired transiliac biopsies at baseline and 5 years imaged using 3D µCT. Pores determined from 8 to 12 slices were stratified by their minor axis length into those 25 to 100 µm (closing cone of haversian canals), 100 to 300 µm (cutting cone of haversian canals), and >300 µm (coalescent cavities). Porosity was analyzed as pore area (percent bone area) and pore density (pore number/mm²). Medians are reported. Risedronate reduced pore area in the 25 to 100, 100 to 300, and 300 to 500 µm ranges over 5 years (p = .0008, .04, NS, respectively) corresponding to an 18% to 25% reduction. In the placebo group, pore area was unchanged. At 5 years, pore area and pore number/mm² in the 25 to 100 µm range were each 17% lower in the risedronate group than in the placebo group (p = .02 and .04, respectively). Risedronate is likely to maintain bone strength and reduce nonvertebral fracture risk in part by reducing remodeling and therefore the number and size of intracortical cavities. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research     

芎芷痛瘀散消肿止痛作用的研究

目的:研究外用药芎芷痛瘀散的药理作用。方法:①大鼠分为模型组、阳性药组、芎芷痛瘀散3.2,1.6,0.8 g.kg-1组。后肢脱毛并抹药3 d,角叉菜胶致炎造模,测足跖体积变化。②大鼠背部脱毛,皮下注射空气及巴豆油造模。背部抹药1周,测量渗出液,肉芽肿称重。③小鼠双耳抹药,2次/d,巴豆油致炎造模,称耳重。④大鼠后肢脱毛,抹药3 d,甩尾法测痛阈。⑤小鼠腹部脱毛并抹药,2次/d,ip冰醋酸造模,扭体法测痛阈。⑥小鼠腹部脱毛并抹药3 d,iv高分子右旋糖苷造模,镜下观察肠系膜的血液流速及流态。结果:芎芷痛瘀散各剂量组可显著抑制大鼠足跖肿胀;大剂量组耳片肿胀率明显低于模型组;大剂量组小鼠扭体次数明显减少;中剂量组大鼠痛阈时间明显延长;大、中剂量组小鼠肠系膜微循环障碍明显改善。结论:芎芷痛瘀散能显著抑制大、小鼠的急性炎症,并提高其痛阈,改善小鼠肠系膜的血液流态,提示该药具有明显的消肿止痛和改善微循环障碍的作用。     

低剂量电离辐射对糖尿病小鼠肾功能及形态学的影响

目的： 研究低剂量电离辐射(LDR)对STZ诱导的糖尿病肾病(DN)小鼠肾脏形态及功能的影响,阐明低剂量电离辐射对糖尿病引起的肾脏形态及功能损伤的保护作用。方法：选取健康适龄C57BL/6J小鼠,随机分为空白对照组、糖尿病组(DM)、LDR组和DM/LDR组。DM与DM/LDR组经腹腔注射STZ,建立DM模型,另两组给予等量枸橼酸溶液。造模后DM/LDR与LDR组给予25 mGy LDR隔日照射,共照射4周。在照射后2、4、8、12及16周检测各组小鼠血糖水平、肾功能指标因子以及肾脏形态学。结果： 造模后DM和DM/LDR组小鼠血糖水平显著高于LDR和对照组小鼠（P<0.05）,LDR处理2周后DM/LDR组小鼠血糖水平明显受到抑制,显著低于DM组（P<0.05）,且这种改变一直保持到16周。与另外3组相比,DM/LDR组小鼠尿液中微量白蛋白(MALB)水平降低(P<0.05),肌酐(Cre)水平升高(P<0.05)。形态学检测, DM/LDR组小鼠肾小球系膜基质增多及系膜细胞增生较DM组减轻,肾小球结构改变较DM组减轻,而LDR和空白对照组肾小球及肾小管未见异常。结论： LDR能有效降低血糖,缓解糖尿病高血糖所引起的肾脏功能改变,抑制和延缓DN的病理改变。     

基于某微型发动机对比分析轴流涡轮与向心涡轮的气动性能与减重

为了确定厘米级微型涡轮发动机在相对较大功率、流量需求时的涡轮形式,以实现发动机更高的性能,本文基于某直径12厘米微发样机开展研究。本文估算了该样机整机环境下单级轴流涡轮的做功能力,并按参数优选规律设计了一台微型轴流涡轮,将之与该样机所采用的微型向心涡轮进行对比,基于CFD和CAD工具分析了两种叶轮在功率、效率及尺寸重量方面的差别。研究表明：在先进微小型发动机总压比提高（4～6,本文设计采用4.2）的情况下,涡轮为了在保持效率的同时满足压气机更高的功率需求,轴流式必须采用双级方案,向心式单级就可满足要求;在压气机压比4～6条件下,进一步对比双级轴流与单级向心方案的结果显示,当流量小于500g/s时,向心式具有尺寸重量优势,发动机能实现较高的推重比。针对厘米级微型发动机,在发动机增压比较高且没有超出单级向心涡轮做功能力的范围时,向心涡轮方案是更好的选择。