Extrapleural solitary fibrous tumor: clinicopathologic study of 17 cases and molecular analysis of the p53 pathway

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) occurring at various extrapleural sites is sometimes difficult to diagnose because of its histologic variability. Although a solitary fibrous tumor is usually a slow-growing tumor with favorable prognosis, a small number of malignant cases have been reported. In the present study, we examined the clinical behavior, histologic, immunohistochemical and molecular features of 17 cases of extrapleural SFT. Four tumors were located in the pelvic cavity, two in the nasal cavity, two were confined to the pulmonary parenchyma, and there was one each in the meninges, kidney, mediastinum, retroperitoneum, temporal region, neck, groin, buttock and thigh. Histologically, all the tumors were characterized by the presence of areas consisting of a proliferation of bland spindle cells with variable amounts of thick, often hyalinized or keloid-like intercellular collagen bundles. Highly cellular areas were observed in three tumors, frequent mitoses in two, and cellular pleomorphism and tumor necrosis in one each. All 17 tumors showed immunoreactivity to CD34 and 15 (88%) to bcl-2 protein. The labeling indices of p53, mdm2 protein and Ki-67 were generally low. PCR-SSCP and a subsequent sequence analysis of the p53 gene disclosed point mutation at codon 161 in exon 5 in one of the 13 cases analyzed. According to follow-up information, none of the patients had developed local recurrence or distant metastasis. Our results suggest that most extrapleural SFTs behave in a benign fashion even in a higher histologic grade group, and it is difficult to predict their clinical outcome. Complete surgical excision in order to obtain clear margins and long-term follow-up is advisable for patients with an extrapleural SFT.     

干扰素a-2b对增生性瘢痕HLA-DR和CD1a分子的影响

目的:探讨干扰素a-2b对增生性瘢痕HLA-DR和CD1α。分子的作用。方法 利用免疫组织化学方法检测6例增生性瘢痕（HS）和6例正常皮肤HLA-DR和CD1α分子的分布及密度,观察干扰素a-2b治疗后HS HLA-DR和CD1α分子的变化。结果:（1）HS组织表皮HLA-DR LC的数量806.67±101.72个//mm2和表皮CD1α LC的数量700.00±108.82个/mm2明显高于正常皮肤510.00±45.07个/mm2,521.24±57.87个/mm（P<0.05）。（2）HS组织HLA-DR分子在角质形成细胞和成纤维细胞中异常出现。（3）于扰素a-2b治疗3d时HS表皮HLA-DR LC及CD1α LC的数量分别为283.34±73.12个/mm2,220.00±83.92个/mm2,7d时516±49.67个/mm2,589.10±108.82个/mm2,干扰素a-2b治疗后HS表皮HLA-DR LC及CD1αLC的数量明显降低（P<0.05）。结论:（1）HLA-DR和CD1α分子数量的增加提示HS和K局部组织可能处于高兔疫应答状态;（2）干扰素a-2b可能通过抑制HLA-DR和CD1α分子降低HS高免疫应答的状态。     

Sequence analysis of exons 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the HLA-B5/35 cross-reacting group

The HLA-B5/35 cross-reacting group (CREG) is a set of closely related antigens including HLA-B35, B51, B52, B53 and B78. The nucleotide sequences of exon 1 through 5 of the B5/35 CREG were determined to assess the level of polymorphism. For exons 2 and 3, the previously described sequence-based typing (SBT) strategy was applied, the nucleotide sequences of exon 1, 4 and 5 were determined by allele-specific sequencing. A total of 225 unrelated individuals were HLA-B typed by heterozygous sequencing of exons 2 and 3. In the B5/35 CREG, 26 different alleles were identified, whereas 63 non-B5/35 CREG alleles were sequenced. The SBT strategy was proven to be reliable and efficient for high resolution typing of the B5/35 CREG. The nucleotide sequences of exon 1, 4 and 5 were determined for the 26 different B5/35 CREG alleles to establish the level of polymorphism. For seven different alleles, of which the exon 1, 4 and 5 sequences were hitherto unknown, the sequences were elucidated and in agreement with the known B5/35 sequences. Nineteen HLA-B5/35 CREG alleles with previously published exon 1, 4 and 5 sequences were sequenced in at least two individuals. Three new alleles were identified. The first, B*5204, showed a difference at position 200 compared to B*52011, which was previously considered a conserved position. The other two alleles, B*3542 and B*51015, showed exon 2 and 3 sequences identical to B*35011 and B*51011, but differences in exons 1 and 4, respectively. B*3542 had differences at position 25 and 72 and B*51015 showed a difference at position 636. More polymorphism might be present outside exons 2 and 3 than previously thought.     

Mapping of sporulation-specific functions in the yeast syntaxin gene<Emphasis Type="Italic"> SSO1</Emphasis>

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has two closely related plasma membrane syntaxins, Sso1p and Sso2p, which together provide an essential function in vegetative cells. However, Sso1p is also specifically needed during sporulation; and this function cannot be provided by Sso2p. We used fusions between SSO1 and SSO2 to map the sporulation-specific function of SSO1. We found that the two N-terminal -helices Ha and Hb of Sso1p are important for sporulation, since it is reduced 8-fold for fusions where Ha and Hb are derived from Sso2p. In contrast, the C-terminal half of Sso1p does not seem to be specifically required for sporulation. Surprisingly, we further found that the 3 untranslated region (3UTR) of SSO1 is essential for sporulation. Western blots failed to reveal a preferential expression of Sso1p in sporulating cells, indicating that effects on gene expression are unlikely to explain why the SSO1 3UTR is needed for sporulation.Communicated by S. Hohmann     

定向诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向心肌细胞分化

目的:采用骨髓间充质干细胞体外转化为心肌样细胞,为心衰的干细胞移植治疗提供基础。方法:分离培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,5-氮杂胞苷诱导24h后正常培养,通过形态学、PAS反应、磷钨酸苏木素染色(PTAH)、免疫细胞化学染色作鉴定。结果:诱导细胞以梭形、柱状为主,部分细胞有分支,单个核、卵圆形、居中,似心肌细胞,PAS及PTAH染色均为阳性。诱导后培养2周的细胞表达Sarcomeric Actin和Connexin-43较弱,以后表达逐渐增强,而且1、3、5代细胞均稳定表达。结论:骨髓MSCs可在体外被诱导分化为心肌样细胞,有望成为心衰干细胞移植治疗的理想细胞材料。     

经舟骨月骨周围脱位的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨经舟骨月骨周围脱位的诊断和治疗。方法 回顾性分析17例经舟骨月骨周围脱位病例，背侧型13例，掌侧型4例；新鲜损伤组10例中8例行撬拨复位成功，仅2例因舟骨对位不良接受手术治疗；陈旧性组7例中均接受手术，4例行开放复位内固定，3例行近排腕骨切除术。结果 采用Cooney评价标准，优11例，良3例，可1例，差2例，优良率82．35％。结论 经舟骨月骨周围脱位的早期治疗简单且疗效较好，而一旦误诊，则多数需手术治疗，且残留不同程度的功能障碍。提高对本病损伤机制、腕部体征和影像学特点的认识和了解，减少误诊。是提高本病预后的关键因素之一。     

Day-night differences in estimated rates of 5-hydroxytryptamine turnover in the rat pineal gland

Summary Rates of 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis in various brain tissues can be estimated from the linear increase in 5-hydroxytryptophan levels following inhibition of 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylation with RO4-4602 or NSD-1015. In addition, NSD-1015 can prevent 5-hydroxytryptamine oxidative-deamination via monoamine oxidase inhibition, leading to linear decreases in a major metabolite of this amine, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid. In the rat pineal gland we demonstrated similar increases in 5-hydroxytryptophan levels after nocturnal or diurnal injection of RO4-4602 (100 mg · kg^–1) or NSD-1015 (200 mg · kg^–1). Similar decreases in 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid were also observed after nocturnal or diurnal injection of NSD-1015 or pargyline (an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase) (75 mg · kg^–1). 5-Hydroxytryptamine levels increased after nocturnal pargyline injection but remained constant after diurnal pargyline administration. 5-Hydroxytryptamine levels exhibited little change following nocturnal injection of NSD-1015 but decreased linearly after diurnal injection of NSD-1015. We suggest that (1) rat pineal 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis is increased nocturnally, (2) metabolic utilization, primarily by oxidative-deamination, of 5-hydroxytryptamine is increased diurnally and (3) basal levels of pineal 5-hydroxytryptamine may be stored within adrenergic nerve endings which innervate the pinealocytes responsible for synthesizing this amine, thus protecting or otherwise making unavailable this pool of 5-hydroxytryptamine for metabolic utilization.     

A method for the accurate determination of anti-hapten cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors: correction for apparent 'anti-self' reactivity

A method is described for accurately determining the frequency of precursors of hapten specific cytotoxic T cells. The method is based on a standard Poisson analysis of limit dilution cultures, but makes a correction of 'anti-self' reacting clones and for spontaneously arising clones that recognise modified self. These corrections are shown to be especially important when low hapten densities are used, where there may be more than a 10-fold difference between the corrected and uncorrected frequency estimates. Determined levels of antigen specificity and of H-2 restriction are significantly enhanced by application of this method.