Primary polypeptide hormones and mucin-producing malignant carcinoid of the larynx

A case of primary malignant laryngeal carcinoid with dual endocrine and mucous differentiation i s reported. Histologically the tumor showed a characteristic organoid pattern and exhibited Alcian-blue, periodic acidschiff, and Grimelius silver positivity. By the immunoperoxidase technique cal citoni n, ACTH, and or-hCG subunit were demonstrated in the tumor cells. ELectron microscopy revealed two different types of endocrinelike cells: mucous cells and occasional cells containing both endocrinelike granules and mucin droplets. Diagnostic morphologic criteria of this rare tumor entity are discussed and reference t o biologic behavior and possible h istogenesis is made.     

Establishment and characterization of cell line TNMY1 derived from human malignant fibrous histiocytoma

Although malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas, its pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, a cell line derived from human MFH, TNMY1, was established from a metastatic chest-wall lesion of a 60-year-old woman with MFH. The TNMY1 cell line was passaged 95 times, and it still retained the biological characteristics of the original tumor. TNMY1 consists of spindle-shaped cells and pleomorphic cells associated with multinucleated giant cells. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the spindle-shaped and pleomorphic cells were positive for vimentin, CD68 and alpha-smooth muscle actin, but negative for epithelial membrane antigen, desmin, muscle actin, alpha-sarcomeric actin, myoglobin, lysozyme and S-100 protein. The cells expressed collagen types I, III and V. These results indicate that MFH may originate from mesenchymal stem cells with the potential to differentiate into either fibroblasts or histiocytes. An elevated level of collagen type V mRNA expression is considered to support a diagnosis of MFH.     

Fine-needle aspiration cytology of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors

The histopathologic features of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) have been well described. There have been limited studies on the cytologic features of MPNST. In this present study, we have retrospectively reviewed eight histopathology confirmed cases of MPNST over a 5-year period. Detailed cytomorphological analysis of these cases was carried out individually by two observers. On cytology, these cases were diagnosed as benign spindle-cell tumor (two), spindle-cell tumor possibly benign (one), spindle-cell tumor possibly malignant (one), malignant spindle-cell tumor (two), spindle-cell tumor, and neural origin (two). The cardinal cytomorphologic features were loosely cohesive clusters and fascicular arrangement of spindle cells with rounded ends. The kinking of nuclei was not a conspicuous finding. Fibrillary background was noted in two of the cases. Nuclear pleomorphism was ranged from mild to moderate degree. One case exhibited extensive intranuclear pseudoinclusions. Mitotic figures (including atypical forms) were present in almost all the cases. Possibly a constellation of cytologic features such as clusters of short and long fascicles of cells admixed with dissociated spindle cells of round-ended nuclei and prominent nucleoli on myxoid or fibrillary background and frequent mitosis may be helpful in diagnosis of MPNSTs. The cytomorphologic features along with clinical correlation are necessary to increase the diagnostic accuracy of MPNST on aspiration cytology.     

Cervicovaginal (Papanicolaou) smear findings in patients with malignant mixed Müllerian tumors

Malignant mixed Müllerian tumor is a rare neoplasm that occurs most frequently in elderly patients. It is characterized by a mixture of malignant epithelial and sarcomatous components. Little has been published about Papanicolaou smear findings pertaining to malignant mixed Müllerian tumors. We present our experience, with an emphasis on cytologic detail. Nine patients (median age, 65 yr) met our study criteria. All available smears and surgical specimens were reviewed. Four smears were positive for malignancy, with a sensitivity of 44% (3 adenocarcinoma, and 1 squamous-cell carcinoma, small-cell type). The results of our study showed that Papanicolaou smear findings pertaining to malignant mixed Müllerian tumors are seen in patients with advanced-stage disease with involvement of the lower uterine segment or cervix. The usual finding is large numbers of high-grade epithelial malignant cells in a necrotic background. The mesenchymal component rarely sheds cells visible on Papanicolaou smear.     

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of small round cell type with pleomorphic spindle cell sarcomatous areas

An unusual case of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) arising in the posterior mediastinum of a 59-year-old man is reported. Histopathologically, the tumor showed an admixture of a dense proliferation of small round cells resembling a primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) and a pleomorphic spindle cell sarcomatous area. Abortive rosettes, primitive neural tube-like structures, and a few glandular structures were found in the small round cell area. Small round cells were immunoreactive for neural cell adhesion molecule and synaptophysin, but were not immunoreactive for MIC2 and neuron-specific enolase. Pleomorphic spindle cells were occasionally arranged in a storiform pattern and were diffusely immunoreactive for S-100 protein. The MPNST of small round cell type is distinguishable from PNET by its negative immunoreactivity for MIC2, and the present tumor is assumed to be derived from primitive neuroectodermal cells in the peripheral nerve capable of bidirectional (neuron and Schwann cell) differentiation.     

A search for three known RYR1 gene mutations in 41 Swedish families with predisposition to malignant hyperthermia

Eight mutations in the gene (the RYR1 gene) encoding the calcium release channel of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in skeletal muscle are so far known to be very closely linked to malignant hyperthermia susceptibility in man and are regarded to be causative. We have examined 41 Swedish families where malignant hyperthermia had occurred in at least one member during anaesthesia, with respect to three of the known mutations. The mutations were Arg163Cys; Ile403Met and Arg614Cys (also known as the "pig mutation"). In three (i.e. 7%) of the families we detected the Arg614Cys mutation, and this was the only one of the mutations searched for that was observed. This indicates that other mutations than those searched for in this study must cause malignant hyperthermia susceptibility in most Swedish malignant hyperthermia susceptible families.     

A pilot study of recombinant interferon beta (IFN-βser) in patients with recurrent glioma

Recombinant interferon beta (IFN-_ser) has been administered by intravenous bolus injection three times weekly at a dose of 90 × 10⁶ IU to 14, patients with recurrent malignant glioma in an ongoing study. The treatment period has ranged from 1 to 40 weeks. The most common adverse experiences were fever, chills, malaise, and headache. Fever, chills and headache were worse with the first two doses and were usually relieved with acetaminophen. All patients tolerated subsequent treatments without any difficulties. No neurologic or hematologic toxicities were observed. Of ten evaluable patients, five had progressive disease in 4 to 8 weeks; three had stable disease for 12 to 21 weeks; one has had a minor response for 13 weeks; and one has had a complete resolution of tumor for 150 + weeks. IFN-_ser appears to have activity in human glioma and is well tolerated at this dosage and schedule.     

顺铂术中腹腔化疗对妇科恶性肿瘤患者术后的近期影响

目的 探讨顺铂术中腹腔化疗治疗妇科恶性肿瘤的可行性。方法 60例妇科恶性肿瘤患者术中腹腔置入100mg顺铂稀释液,观察其对患者术后胃肠功能、体温、切口愈合、腹水控制及术后并发症的影响。结果 术后24h内呕吐发生率增高,但使用止吐剂及水化效果好,尿量达标;胃肠道功能按期恢复;术后发热发生率低;服务部切口无一例丙级愈合;无并发症发生。14例伴发大量腹水患者11例得到控制。肝肾功能未发现损害。结论 术中腹腔化疗比较安全,切实可行。     

睾丸原发性恶性淋巴瘤——附10例报道

目的报道10例睾丸原发性恶性淋巴瘤,并分析其临床表现、形态学牲及免疫表型。方法 采用HE及免疫组织化学方法,对标本切片进行染色,显微镜观察分析。结果患年龄为38～76岁,中位年龄56．25岁。临床表现主要为睾丸无痛性弥漫性肿大。病变部位：右侧5例,左侧4例,双侧1例。组织学形态均为恶性弥漫性非霍奇金淋巴瘤,免疫表型B细胞来源9例,T细胞来源1例。结论睾丸弥漫性无痛性肿大在中老年患应考虑睾丸原发性恶性淋巴瘤的可能,最后确诊要依靠病理形态学及免疫组织化学来证实。     

中药肛滴在治疗消化道恶性肿瘤中的应用

探讨中药肛滴在治疗消化道恶性肿瘤中的应用。通过对６例典型病例的回顾分析,观察中药肛滴在缓解癌性粘连性肠梗阻、缓解消化道恶性肿瘤患者症状、提高晚期消化道恶性肿瘤患者生存质量的作用。应用中医理论“通则不痛”之说,对消化道恶性肿瘤患者进行中药肛滴治疗．认为有较好的临床效果。