225例绝经后阴道出血临床病理分析

目的 分析绝经后阴道出血的临床病理特点。方法 对本院1992－2000年间收治的225例绝经后阴道出血病例的临床病理资料进行分析总结。结果 临床表现为阴道不规则出血,血性分泌物及接触性出血;其中良性病变12例（54．2％）,子宫内膜功能性变化45例（20．0％）,恶性肿瘤26例（11．6％）。随着年龄的增大,绝经时间延长,恶性肿瘤的发病率增大。结论 绝经后阴道出血病因复杂,多样,临床应根据病理检查,结合临床表现和其它辅助检查进行综合诊断,尤应警惕恶性肿瘤的发生。     

血管影像在乳腺癌诊断中的重要作用(附100例乳腺癌及200例良性乳腺增生对照分析)

[目的 ]提高对乳腺病血管像的认识 ,进而提高对乳腺良恶性病的诊断率。 [方法 ]选取经手术病理证实为乳腺癌的病例 1 0 0例 ,从乳腺体检中发现或经追踪观察为乳腺轻度增生的病例 2 0 0例乳腺 X线影像进行对照分析。 [结果 ]乳腺恶性与良性病变在血管像上有一定区别 :1血管像增粗。血管像横径大于2 .0 mm为增粗 ,乳腺恶性病变有 76例 ( 76.0 % ) ,良性病变有 40例 ( 2 0 .0 % ) ;2血管像增多。血管像条数多于 3条为增多 ,乳腺恶性病变有 61例 ( 61 .0 % ) ,乳腺良性病变有 46例 ( 2 3.0 % ) ;3血管像增大。弯曲度小于 1 5 0°血管像迂曲明显 ,乳腺恶性病变有 83例 ( 83.0 % ) ,乳腺良性病变有 42例 ( 2 1 .0 % ) ;4血管像走行特点。呈花瓣状 ,恶性病变有 33例 ( 33.0 % ) ,良性病变有 2例 ( 1 .0 % ) ;呈残端状 ,恶性病变有 34例 ( 34.0 % ) ,良性病变有 3例 ( 1 .5 % ) ;呈放射状 ,恶性病变有 1 3例 ( 1 3.0 % ) ,良性病变有 1例( 0 .5 % )。 [结论 ]掌握乳腺病血管像的特征 ,可以帮助确定乳腺病病变性质 ,提高对隐性癌和微小癌的诊断率和治愈率 ,从而延长生存期     

山区妇女绝经后阴道出血临床及病理分析

目的 对湖北省恩地区妇女绝经后阴道出血患者进行病因分析,探讨预防措施。方法 对155例绝经后阴道出血     

硅凝胶型乳房假体凝胶外渗的实验研究

目的 :研究硅凝胶型乳房假体植入大鼠体内后凝胶外渗对机体的影响。方法 :取 40只健康SD雌性大鼠分成A、B、C、D 4组 ,A、B、C 3组分别植入实验用完整的硅凝胶型假体、刺破的硅凝胶型假体及生理盐水充注型假体于大鼠背侧皮下 ,D组为空白对照。术前测出血液中有机硅的浓度。 6个月后取出假体观察 ,进行假体包膜组织学检查及大鼠血液中术后有机硅的浓度测定。结果 :A、B、C 3组纤维包膜组织学特征无明显差异 ,B组纤维包膜中光镜下发现外渗的凝胶颗粒。术后与术前 4组大鼠间血液中有机硅的浓度比较 ,差异均无显著性。结论 :完整的硅凝胶假体、人为刺破外壳的硅凝胶假体与生理盐水充注型假体的组织学反应无明显差异 ,外渗的凝胶局限在纤维包膜的内层 ,也不会随血液或淋巴到机体其他部位。     

中药抗恶性肿瘤的研究进展

中药治疗恶性肿瘤已越来越显示其独特的优势。从细胞生物学及分子生物学水平,立足于中药对机体免疫功能、对血管血液系统、对癌前病变的影响及有关方面探讨了中药抗恶性肿瘤的有关机理。     

Malignant hyperthermia 2020

Malignant hyperthermia is defined in the International Classification of Diseases as a progressive life-threatening hyperthermic reaction occurring during general anaesthesia. Malignant hyperthermia has an underlying genetic basis, and genetically susceptible individuals are at risk of developing malignant hyperthermia if they are exposed to any of the potent inhalational anaesthetics or suxamethonium. It can also be described as a malignant hypermetabolic syndrome. There are no specific clinical features of malignant hyperthermia and the condition may prove fatal unless it is recognised in its early stages and treatment is promptly and aggressively implemented. The Association of Anaesthetists has previously produced crisis management guidelines intended to be displayed in all anaesthetic rooms as an aide memoire should a malignant hyperthermia reaction occur. The last iteration was produced in 2011 and since then there have been some developments requiring an update. In these guidelines we will provide background information that has been used in updating the crisis management recommendations but will also provide more detailed guidance on the clinical diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia. The scope of these guidelines is extended to include practical guidance for anaesthetists dealing with a case of suspected malignant hyperthermia once the acute reaction has been reversed. This includes information on care and monitoring during and after the event; appropriate equipment and resuscitative measures within the operating theatre and ICU; the importance of communication and teamwork; guidance on counselling of the patient and their family; and how to make a referral of the patient for confirmation of the diagnosis. We also review which patients presenting for surgery may be at increased risk of developing malignant hyperthermia under anaesthesia and what precautions should be taken during the peri-operative management of the patients.     

骨纤维结构不良和骨化性纤维瘤的组织病理及免疫组化研究

对140例骨纤维结构不良和70例骨化性纤维瘤的临床资料及组织病理进行了复习,其中对近期病例中各15例的组织。作了6种有关的免疫组化染色进行观察。本文对骨纤维结构不良和骨化性纤维瘤的诊断、鉴别诊断及其病变的性质进行了讨论。还对6种免疫组化染色在显示某些组织成分,特别对骨连结蛋白在显示骨母细胞及新生骨质的意义作了探讨。     

刺五加对肺纤维化BALF中IL－6抑制作用的研究

在用石棉灌肺制成大鼠支气管肺纤维化模型基础上，应用刺五加注射液进行体内实验治疗。测定了治疗及非治疗组大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液中单个核细胞自分泌白细胞介素６（ＩＬ－６）水平，经统计学处理两组差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。说明了刺五加对ＩＬ－６的分泌有抑制作用。可能对细胞因子网络紊乱有调节作用，为临床应用刺五加治疗肺纤维化提供了实验依据。     

Intrathecal IgM response in disseminated cerebrospinal metastasis from malignant melanoma

Summary Neurological complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with disseminated malignant melanoma. We have studied and correlated clinical and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings in 20 patients with central nervous system metastases from malignant melanoma including 8 patients with metastatic meningeal melanomatosis (MMM) and 12 patients with solid cerebral metastases (SCM). The putative CSF tumor markers, fibronectin and ₂-microglobulin, were elevated significantly in MMM but not in SCM patients. A prominent increase in the IgM index, which reflects intrathecal B-cell stimulation, and a rise of IgG index, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor- in MMM patients provide preliminary evidence for a local intrathecal immune response triggered by melanoma cell invasion of the subarachnoid space.