Expression profiling the human septin gene family

The septins are an evolutionarily conserved family of GTP-binding proteins involved in diverse processes including vesicle trafficking, apoptosis, remodelling of the cytoskeleton, infection, neurodegeneration, and neoplasia. The present paper reports a comprehensive study of septin gene expression by DNA microarray methods in 10 360 samples of normal, diseased, and tumour tissues. A novel septin, SEPT13, has been identified and is shown to be related to SEPT7. It is shown that SEPT13 and the other known human septins are expressed in all tissue types but some show high expression in lymphoid (SEPT1, 6, 9, and 12) or brain tissues (SEPT2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 11). For a given septin, some isoforms are highly expressed in the brain and others are not. For example, SEPT8_v2 and v1, 1* and 3 are highly expressed in the brain and cluster with SEPT2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 11. However, a probe set specific for SEPT8_v1 with low brain expression clusters away from this set. Similarly, SEPT4 has lymphoid and non-lymphoid forms; SEPT2 has lymphoid and central nervous system (CNS) forms; and SEPT6 and SEPT9 are elevated in lymphoid tissues but both have forms that cluster away from the lymphoid forms. Perturbation of septin expression was widespread in disease and tumours of the various tissues examined, particularly for conditions of the CNS, where alterations in all 13 septin genes were identified. This analysis provides a comprehensive catalogue of the septin family in health and disease. It is a key step in understanding the role of septins in physiological and pathological states and provides insight into the complexity of septin biology.     

Characterization of the cagA-gene in Helicobacter pylori in Mongolia and detection of two EPIYA-A enriched CagA types

Helicobacter pylori infection is strongly associated with gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer disease and gastric carcinoma. The virulence of H. pylori strains increases with the presence of the pathogenicity island PAI, which encodes a Type 4 Secretion System and the oncoprotein CagA. Two major CagA types can be distinguished by differences in the repetitive EPIYA region in the C-terminal sequence; the more virulent East Asian CagA type with EPIYA-A, -B, and -D motifs and the Western CagA type with EPIYA-A, -B, and C motifs, the virulence of which is associated with the multitude of EPIYA-C motifs.In this study, the cagA gene was characterized in H. pylori strains isolated from Mongolians suffering from gastritis (80%) or ulcer (20%). The EPIYA region of 53 isolates was determined by PCR-amplification of overlapping cagA regions and subsequent Sanger sequencing. Only one H. pylori isolate carried the East Asian type (ABD) and 52 isolates the Western type of CagA, thereof 30 the EPIYA type ABC, 19 the ABCC type and one each of type ABCCCC, AAABC and AAAAB. An amino acid exchange from EPIYA-B to EPIYT-B was predominantly found in CagA proteins in strains with < 2 EPIYA-C copies (n = 25/32; p = 0.015) including the two EPIYA-A enriched CagA proteins, which have not been described to date. Due to the amino acid triplet preceding the EPIYA motif and strength of predicted phosphorylation, the multiple EPIYA-A motifs A2, A3 and A4 were shown to cluster with EPIYA-B and EPIYT-B with the unique feature of amino acid E in position ? 4 to Y of EPIYA. It has been described that tyrosine-phosphorylated EPIYA-A and -B motifs counteract the EPIYA-C-driven signaling towards host cell transformation and malignancy. Thus, Mongolian H. pylori strains carrying CagA proteins not only with a few EPIYA-C segments but also with multiplied EPIYA-A segments are probably less virulent; a thesis that needs further investigation at the protein level.     

Adventitial Stromal Cells Define Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Tissue Niches

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Detection of heterogeneity of lymphocyte populations by measuring the diameter of cells and nuclei

Certain parameters of distribution of lymphocytes and their nuclei by size in peripheral blood, bone marrow, thymus, and spleen of healthy rats were studied. Comparative analysis revealed homogeneity of the population for thymus and bone marrow lymphocytes, but a difference between them in their mean diameter. Mixing these types of cells appreciably altered the parameters of distribution of the resulting population, due to migration of lymphocytes of thymus origin, as shown by a model of the lymphoid reaction in the bone marrow to 5-fluorouracil. Preliminary thymectomy abolished migration, so that the homogeneity of the bone marrow lymphocytes for size was preserved.Department of Pathophysiology and Central Research Laboratory, Tomsk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR D. D. Yablokov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 88, No. 10, pp. 475–477, October, 1979.     

表达有淋系分化抗原的急性髓性白血病的临床意义

目的：进一步探索淋系分化抗原在急性髓性白血病（ＡＭＬ）中的表达特征及其对ＡＭＬ患者预后的影响。方法：采用间接免疫荧光法对８４例初诊ＡＭＬ患者进行了免疫表型检测,并以式细胞仪对淋、髓两系分化抗原共表者做双标记分析。结果：８４例ＡＭＬ中,３０例（３５．７２％）有淋系抗原表达（ｌｙ＾＋）。对于双表型患者,流式细胞仪分析显示其白血病细胞表型不均一。在同等化疗强度基础上,ｌｙ＾＋者较ｌｙ＾－者完全缓解（ＣＲ     

胃粘膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤的临床探讨

目的：探讨胃粘膜相关淋巴组织（MALT）淋巴瘤的病理特征、临床诊断和治疗。方法：收集我院1993－2000年6例胃MALT淋巴瘤,采用胃镜、病理组织学和免疫组化标记对其临床、病理资料和治疗进行分析。结果：临床表现和辅助检查无明显特异性,以低度恶性淋巴瘤多见,免疫组化标记证实均为B细胞性淋巴瘤。经手术和化疗,患者均存活。结论：提高对胃MALT淋巴瘤的认识,有助于明确诊断。治疗以手术为主,配合化疗或放疗。对幽门螺杆菌的治疗应引起足够的重视。     

Lymphoid hyperplasia of the large intestine: a case report with immunohistochemical and gene analysis

A case of lymphoid hyperplasia arising in the large intestine of a 54-year-old woman is described. Barium enema X-ray and colonoscopic examination revealed multiple small polyps in the right side of the colon. Pathological findings from forceps biopsy revealed similar features to a mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. A right hemicolectomy with mesenteric lymph node dissection was carried out. Histological sectioning demonstrated hypertrophic lymphoid follicles with well-formed germinal centers. Occasionally, lymphocytes infiltrated the crypts, in a way similar to that found in lymphoepithelial lesions, which was suggestive of a MALT lymphoma diagnosis. Cryptitis was also observed in the lamina propria. Immunohistochemically, proliferating lymphocytes were positive for CD20 (L26) and negative for CD45RO (UCHL-1). Analyses of immunoglobulin gene (IgHJH) rearrangement could not detect any monoclonality in these cells. These findings suggested that the present case should be categorized as lymphoid hyperplasia rather than lymphoma.     

Impairment of B and T cell maturation in gut associated lymphoid tissues due to malnutrition during lactation

Previously we found that malnutrition during lactation in rats produces an impairment in the immune response to cholera toxin. In this report we found that malnutrition during lactation provokes in 28-day-old rats an increase of Thy1⁺ cμ⁺ cells in gut associated lymphoid tissues concomitantly with a decrease of sIgA⁺ B cells. No differences were found in the percentages of the IgM⁺B cell populations. Furthermore, no differences were found in the Peyer's patch (PP) and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) T cell subsets in weaning rats when compared to controls. However, after 1 week of refeeding a higher percentage of the Thy1⁺ cμ⁻ subset together with a lower percentage of CD5⁺, CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ T cells, were found in malnourished rats when compared to controls. The above results may indicate that B-cell maturation is delayed in malnourished rats at two stages of differentiation: (a) in the passage of pre-B cells (Thy1⁺ cμ⁺) to immature B cells (sμ⁺), and (b) in the switch from sμ⁺ B cells to s⁺ B cells. The decrease of CD5⁺, CD4⁺, and CD8⁺T cells together with and increase of the Thy1⁺ cμ⁻ subset in gutassociated lymphoid tissues (GALT) may indicate that T-cell maturation is also delayed. Results obtained at weaning may be due to an engraftment by maternal milk-derived lymphocytes in the pups.     

The protective effect of the Vacha rhizome extract on chronic stress-induced immunodeficiency in rat

Context: Chronic stress is an inevitable factor in the modern day society which affects cell mediated as well as humoral immunity. There is a need to prevent stress effects with traditionally used herbs.

Objective: The present study was undertaken to investigate the immunoprotective effect of Vacha (Acorus calamus L. Acoraceae) rhizome under stressful condition.

Materials and methods: Soxlet extraction of Vacha rhizome was performed with increasing polarity of solvents, i.e., petroleum ether to ethanol. The extract was concentrated by distilling off the solvent in flash evaporator and dried in desiccators. The benzene extract was found to have anti-stress property in our earlier studies and hence it was used in the present experiment. Extract was administered every day for 4?weeks orally to adult female rats prior to exposure to stress, restraint (1?h) and forced swimming exercise (15?min).

Results: Vacha rhizome extract significantly prevented the stress induced reduction in total and differential leukocytes count, immunoglobulin content, bone marrow cellularity and viability, lymphocytes counts in lymphoid organs, islands of white pulp of spleen (ED₅₀?=?10 mg, p?lymphoid organs (ED₅₀?=?10 mg, p?Discussion and conclusion: The present study clearly indicates that Vacha extract not only prevents stress-induced suppression of immunity and structural involution of lymphoid organs, but also boosts immunity in normal rats. Therefore, it is suggested that Vacha extract administration maintains normal immunity despite the body experiencing stress.     

A tooth lesion in the eyelid in a Chinese infant: a rare case report

AIM: To investigate the clinical features, treatment and prognosis of primary ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (POAML). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 64 patients with POAML who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2006 to December 2018. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 61mo (range, 2-156mo), estimated overall survival (OS) rate and progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 10y reached 94.5% and 61.5%, respectively. Median OS time and PFS time were not reached. During this period, only 3 patients died, but none of them died directly of lymphoma progression. Transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was observed in 1 patient (1.6%). Of the 56 patients who achieved complete response after first-line treatment, 5 (8.9%) eventually developed local and/or systemic relapse. Patients ≥60y had significantly shorter PFS than younger patients (P=0.01). For patients with Ann Arbor stage I and stage II, radiotherapy dose lower than 32Gy were independently associated with shorter PFS in univariate analysis (P=0.04). Other factors including gender, bone marrow involvement, the initial location of the disease, and the laterality were not associated with PFS. CONCLUSION: The data from our center indicate that POAML has a slow clinical progression and has an excellent clinical outcome. POAML patients harbor a continuous risk of local and distant relapse, and transformation to aggressive lymphoma.