肠上皮内淋巴细胞抗弓形虫感染的免疫功能研究进展

刚地弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)经口感染后引发一系列免疫应答,包括先天性免疫和获得性免疫应答。某些近交系小鼠感染后肠道内稳态平衡的改变,导致急性回肠炎。肠道相关淋巴组织(gut-associatedlymphoid tissue,GALT)为抵抗弓形虫感染的首道屏障,肠上皮内CD4 T细胞分泌趋化因子和细胞因子来清除弓形虫,而肠上皮内CD8 T细胞分泌转化生长因子来减轻炎症反应。该文综述了经口感染弓形虫后,以肠上皮内淋巴细胞(intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes,iIEL)为代表的GALT细胞群在抗弓形虫感染中的免疫功能特征。     

HIV-1CN54合成gp120基因(syngp120)的DNA疫苗鼻内免疫小鼠诱导全身的和粘膜的免疫应答

目的 初步探讨HIV-1CN54合成gp120基因的DNA疫苗（pcDNA3.1-syngp120）鼻内接种小鼠是否诱发免疫应答。方法　DNA疫苗免疫后,制备脾和肠系膜淋巴结（MLN）淋巴细胞,在体外测其增殖应答和CD8+CTL应答。间接ELISA法测血清和粘膜洗液抗原-特异的IgG和IgA抗体滴度。中和实验测免疫血清和阴道洗液是否中和 HIV-1SF33。结果 在 DNA疫苗未次免疫后,小鼠第 1周检测到脾和 MLN CD8+CTL应答较弱,而第 5周未检测到。另外,在末次免疫后的第1、5周检测到MLN而未检测到脾淋巴细胞发生增殖应答。并且检测到特异的血清IgG抗体和粘膜的（包括粪便和阴道洗液）IgA抗体,但未检测到血清的IgA抗体和粘膜的（包括粪便和阴道洗液）IgG抗体。中和实验发现末次免疫后第5周的血清能中和实验室毒株HIV-1SF33（B亚型）,而阴道洗液则没有。结论 该DNA疫苗鼻内免疫小鼠可诱导粘膜免疫应答,包括 MLN淋巴细胞增殖应答和 CD8+CTL应答,同时诱导较弱的粘膜IgA抗体应答。此外,能诱导脾CD8+CTL应答和血清IgG抗体应答。免疫血清中和HIV-1S F33,而阴道洗液不能。     

Emerging roles of basophils in allergic inflammation

Basophils have long been neglected in immunological studies because they were regarded as only minor relatives of mast cells. However, recent advances in analytical tools for basophils have clarified the non-redundant roles of basophils in allergic inflammation. Basophils play crucial roles in both IgE-dependent and -independent allergic inflammation, through their migration to the site of inflammation and secretion of various mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, and proteases. Basophils are known to produce large amounts of IL-4 in response to various stimuli. Basophil-derived IL-4 has recently been shown to play versatile roles in allergic inflammation by acting on various cell types, including macrophages, innate lymphoid cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Basophil-derived serine proteases are also crucial for the aggravation of allergic inflammation. Moreover, recent reports suggest the roles of basophils in modulating adaptive immune responses, particularly in the induction of Th2 differentiation and enhancement of humoral memory responses. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in understanding the roles of basophils in allergic inflammation.     

胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤的临床研究进展

胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤,即胃MALT(mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue,MALT)淋巴瘤是一种较为少见的胃恶性肿瘤,发病率约占恶性肿瘤的1%-5%.组织学类型主要是非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL),霍奇金淋巴瘤(HD)很少见.长期以来对其治疗问题一直存在很多争议.传统观点认为手术是治愈的最主要手段,但随着对幽门螺旋杆菌(H pylori)感染与该病发病机制的认识的提高,这一观念受到了不断冲击.本文对胃MALT淋巴瘤的治疗现状和进展作一综述.     

Successful treatment of an enormous rectal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma by endoscopic full-thickness resection: A case report

BACKGROUNDColorectal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALToma), a rare kind of nongastric MALToma, lacks consensus on its endoscopic features and standard therapies. According to previous studies on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of colorectal MALToma, endoscopic resection remains a good therapeutic strategy.CASE SUMMARYA 71-year-old woman suffered intermittent hematochezia for 1 mo, accompanied with abdominal pains but without weight loss, fever, chills or fatigue. Colonoscopy showed a massive hemispheric mass with rough and hyperemic mucosa in the lower rectum. Narrow-band imaging magnifying endoscopy detected some branching abnormal blood vessels and disappearance of glandular structure, which was similar with the tree-like appearance sign in gastric MALToma. Endoscopic ultrasonography revealed the lesion to be hypoechoic, boundary-defined, and echo uniform inside, originating from the muscularis propria. Abdominal enhanced computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a soft tissue mass with defined boundary. No enlarged superficial lymph nodes were detected by B-mode ultrasound. C¹³-urea breath test and serum Helicobacter pylori antibody were both negative. The patient underwent endoscopic full-thickness resection. Postoperative pathological analysis indicated colorectal MALToma. The patient remained asymptomatic after discharge, and follow-up positron emission tomography–CT and colonoscopy showed no residual lesion, remnants or lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSIONThis case provides new information on the specific endoscopic features of colorectal MALToma and an alternative treatment for patients.     

动脉三级淋巴组织与动脉粥样硬化关系的研究进展

学者们对动脉血管的研究常聚焦在血管内膜动脉粥样硬化(As)斑块的形成,而很少关注血管外膜的免疫反应及其对疾病病程的影响。前期研究发现,老龄的ApoE－/－小鼠动脉外膜出现免疫细胞的有序集聚,形成类似淋巴结的异位淋巴组织,称之为动脉三级淋巴组织(ATLO),其形成对内膜As具有明显的调控作用。ATLO的发现及研究为As的研究指明了新的方向,并为其他疾病状况下三级淋巴组织(TLO)的研究提供了很好的范例。因此,阐明TLO的特点及形成机制对As的防治具有重要的意义,并为其在其他疾病中的临床运用提供坚实的基础。     

血清克隆性免疫球蛋白检查在慢性淋巴细胞白血病患者中的预后价值

目的 研究血清克隆性免疫球蛋白(Ig)在慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)患者中表达以及与CLL预后指标的相关性,探讨其在CLL患者预后中的意义.方法 全自动电泳仪及扫描仪分析并记录患者血清蛋白电泳和免疫固定电泳结果,定性Ig重链及轻链类型.利用速率散射比浊法定量测定Ig表达水平.结果 101例CLL患者中20例(19.8％)存在克隆性Ig,克隆性IgG、IgM和IgA的检出率分别为13例(12.9％)、7例(6.9％)和1例(1.0％),其中1例(1.0％)患者存在克隆性IgG和IgM双克隆,2例(2.0％)患者共表达轻链κ、λ.在Binet晚期和血清胸苷激酶1(TK1)高水平组,血清克隆性IgG发生率明显高于Binet早期组(P =0.032)和TK1正常水平组(P =0.013).同时发现,Binet晚期组、TK1高水平组和间期荧光原位杂交(FISH) del(11q22.3)阳性组中,血清克隆IgM发生率分别高于Binet早期组(P =0.037)、TK1正常水平组(P =0.017)和FISH del(11q22.3)阴性组(P=0.006).中位随访30(1～ 101)个月,66例患者诊断后接受化疗,统计发现血清克隆性Ig阳性组患者的无治疗生存(TFS)时间(2个月)较阴性组患者(15个月)短(P =0.024),其中血清克隆性IgM阳性组患者的中位TFS时间(1.5个月)较阴性组患者(15个月)短(P=0.013),但Ig和IgM阳性不是独立的预后因素.结论 部分CLL患者血清中存在克隆性Ig,血清克隆性Ig可成为判断CLL患者预后的指标.     

泼尼松反应在CCLG-ALL 2008方案中预后价值的探讨

目的:评估泼尼松反应在儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)治疗体系中的预后价值。方法:对入组598例初治ALL患儿,予以泼尼松预治疗,根据结果分为泼尼松反应良好(PGR)组和泼尼松反应不良(PPR)组,行后续治疗并随访,分析比较临床特征及治疗效果。结果:与PGR组相比,PPR组患儿具有年龄较大,初诊白细胞数较高,T细胞表型相对多见,费城染色体阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病(Ph+ALL)相对多见的特点(P0.05);PPR组患儿2年和5年无事件生存率(EFS)相对于PGR组明显降低(P0.05),PPR组患儿累积无事件生存率的下降主要发生在2年内;PPR组复发率较高,且以早期复发为主(P0.05);PPR组患儿治疗第33天及12周的微小残留病(MRD)发生率较高(P0.05);高危组ALL患儿不论泼尼松反应是否良好,其无事件生存率,复发时间均无差别(P0.05);在COX回归分析中,PPR、BCR-ABL1及MLL的存在均为显著预后不利因素(P0.05)。结论:泼尼松反应在CCLG-ALL 2008方案中仍然具有重要预后价值,泼尼松反应不良的ALL患儿整体预后较差,而泼尼松反应对高危组ALL预后评价意义不大。