Interactions between the intestinal microbiota and innate lymphoid cells

The mammalian intestine must manage to contain 100 trillion intestinal bacteria without inducing inappropriate immune responses to these microorganisms. The effects of the immune system on intestinal microorganisms are numerous and well-characterized, and recent research has determined that the microbiota influences the intestinal immune system as well. In this review, we first discuss the intestinal immune system and its role in containing and maintaining tolerance to commensal organisms. We next introduce a category of immune cells, the innate lymphoid cells, and describe their classification and function in intestinal immunology. Finally, we discuss the effects of the intestinal microbiota on innate lymphoid cells.     

SOX11 and TP53 add prognostic information to MIPI in a homogenously treated cohort of mantle cell lymphoma – a Nordic Lymphoma Group study

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B cell lymphoma, where survival has been remarkably improved by use of protocols including high dose cytarabine, rituximab and autologous stem cell transplantation, such as the Nordic MCL2/3 protocols. In 2008, a MCL international prognostic index (MIPI) was created to enable stratification of the clinical diverse MCL patients into three risk groups. So far, use of the MIPI in clinical routine has been limited, as it has been shown that it inadequately separates low and intermediate risk group patients. To improve outcome and minimize treatment‐related morbidity, additional parameters need to be evaluated to enable risk‐adapted treatment selection. We have investigated the individual prognostic role of the MIPI and molecular markers including SOX11, TP53 (p53), MKI67 (Ki‐67) and CCND1 (cyclin D1). Furthermore, we explored the possibility of creating an improved prognostic tool by combining the MIPI with information on molecular markers. SOX11 was shown to significantly add prognostic information to the MIPI, but in multivariate analysis TP53 was the only significant independent molecular marker. Based on these findings, we propose that TP53 and SOX11 should routinely be assessed and that a combined TP53/MIPI score may be used to guide treatment decisions.     

DNA copy number alterations mark disease progression in paediatric chronic myeloid leukaemia

Early recognition of children with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML‐CP) at risk for developing a lymphoid blast crisis (LyBC) is desirable, because therapy options in CML‐LyBC are limited. We used Multiplex Ligation‐dependent Probe Amplification to determine whether B‐cell lymphoid leukaemia‐specific copy number alterations (CNAs) (e.g. IKZF1, PAX5, CDKN2A deletions) could be detected in CML‐CP and may be used to predict disease progression to LyBC. CNAs were detected in all patients with CML‐LyBC, but in none of the 77 patients with CML‐CP. Based on this study we conclude that CNAs remain a hallmark of disease progression.     

Kimura病的病理学分析

目的:探讨Kimura病(Kimura’s disease,KD)的临床病理学特点,提高对该病的认识及诊断。方法:分析和观察7例KD的临床资料、病理组织学表现及免疫组织化学特征。结果:7例KD患者均为男性,发病年龄21～73岁,主要表现为头颈部皮下或大唾液腺的无痛性肿块,组织学上以淋巴组织增生为主,可见淋巴滤泡形成,生发中心扩大,滤泡间见血管增生,大量嗜酸性粒细胞浸润。免疫组织化学显示KD中的淋巴滤泡表达B细胞抗原,滤泡间的淋巴细胞多表达T细胞标记。结论:KD是一种少见的淋巴组织增生性疾病,需与部分富含淋巴组织的肿瘤鉴别,组织病理学及免疫组化对其诊断具有重要意义。