镉对大鼠肾脏和睾丸毒性的比较

大鼠饮水中给镉12wk后,检测了尿低分子蛋白(LMWP)排出量。尿碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性,血清睾酮水平,睾丸乳酸脱氢酶同功酶(LDH-X)活性,精子计数和形态,雄鼠生育力,肾,睾丸和附睾组织镉含量,并在光镜和电镜下观察上述组织的病理变化,从生化,形态和功能改变三方面比较了大鼠肾脏和睾丸对镉的敏感性,发现尿LMWP和ALP仅在高剂量组显著增加,而血清睾酮和睾丸LDH-X在中剂量纽和低剂量纽已明显降低,说明镉对睾丸的有害作用可出现在肾脏之前。     

Plasma thrombomodulin level in very low birthweight infants at birth

Objective: Plasma soluble thrombomodulin level reflects endothelial damage. The plasma thrombomodulin level at birth is increased in asphyxiated full-term infants. There is no report of plasma thrombomodulin level in premature infants. To determine the thrombomodulin level in premature infants and whether it might reflect endothelial damage, we examined the plasma thrombomodulin level in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants at birth. Methods: Forty-five VLBW infants, of whom 14 had perinatal asphyxia complications, were recruited. As a control, 50 full-term infants wimout complications were also studied. Plasma thrombomodulin concentration, pH, base deficit, serum creatinine and D-dimer concentration, platelet count and fibrinogen concentration were measured within 1 hour after birth. Results: There were significant differences in plasma pH, creatinine concentration, platelet count, antithrombin in activity and D-dimer concentration between VLBW infants and full-term infants. Plasma thrombomodulin concentration (39. 0 (16. 6–93. 7) vs 27. 0 (16. 6–39. 1) μg/L, p < 0. 0001) and plasma taombomodulin-to-serum creatinine ratio (0. 82 (0. 19–2. 65) vs 0. 47 (0. 24–0. 70) μg/μmol, p < 0. 0001) were significantly higher in VLBW infants than those in full-term infants. By univariate analyses for all neonates, there were significant relations between plasma thrombomodulin concentration and gestational age, birthweight, plasma pH, creatinine concentration, platelet count and antithrombin in activity. A stepwise multiple linear regression model using the above variables as dependent factors showed only birthweight contributed significantly to plasma thrombomodulin concentration (plasma thrombomodulin concentration (μg/1) = 45. 677–0. 006 (birthweight; g), r²= 0. 323, p < 0. 0001, n= 94). Plasma thrombomodulin concentration and plasma thrombomodulin-to -serum creatinine ratio in VLBW infants with asphyxia were higher than in those without asphyxia, but not significantly different (43. 2 ± 17. 7 vs 38. 3 ± 8. 5 μg/1 and 0. 92 ± 0. 60 vs 0. 83 ± 0. 37 μg/μmol). Conclusion: Plasma thrombomodulin level in VLBW infants shows a high value at birth, and we consider the main factor responsible for this elevation may be endothelial damage or low clearance rate of thrombomodulin, which may be related to early gestational age.     

Survival of low birthweight infants in central Queensland

The survival of low birthweight infants £2000g born in the central Queensland area during the years 1979 to 1991 was examined. Five hundred and sixty such infants were either delivered at one of the two Rockhampton obstetric units (Rockhampton Base Hospital and the Mater Misericordiae Hospital) or retrieved from outlying central Queensland areas. Both hospitals had intensive care nurseries capable of ventilation and infants were transferred to tertiary centres only for cardiac or surgical treatment. The study involved all liveborn infants', including those with lethal malformations and all deaths up to the time of discharge. Survival rates were as follows: £500 g 0%, 501 £750 g 30%, 751 £1000 g 51%, 1001 ± 1500 g 79%, 1501 £2000g 93%. The survival of Aboriginal infants and outborn infants were found to be essentially the same as the overall group.     

安氟醚吸入与预注爱肌松对其肌松时效的影响

单次静注爱肌松（０．３ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１，对照组）于３．１７±０．８１分钟（ｘ±ｓ）可获得满意的气管插管条件。预注组（１０例）首次量０．２７ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１于预注剂量（０．０３ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）后５分钟给予，可使爱肌松的起效时间缩短至０．９３±０．１７分钟（Ｐ＜０．００１），ＴＯＦ无反应期、２５％和９０％恢复时间两组无显著差别（Ｐ＞０．２５）。全部病例均获得了良好的气管插管条件，预注的优点还在于能评估患者对所选用非去极化肌松药的敏感性。预往后ＴＯＦ肌电图Ｔ１抑制＞１０％较无明显ＴＯＦ抑制者肌松恢复时间显著延长（Ｐ＜０．０５）。同时发现吸入安氟醚可使爱肌松作用时效延长。     

Association of a genetic polymorphism in human apolipoprotein B-100 with intermediate density lipoprotein concentrations

Immunochemical techniques have been used to identify five antigenic (Ag) sites on apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB), the major protein constituent of very low density (VLDL), intermediate density (IDL), and low density lipoproteins (LDL). Each Ag site results from allelic variation at a specific locus of the apoB gene. In the present study, we assessed whether variations in the five Ag loci were associated with concentrations of plasma lipids or lipoprotein fractions measured by analytical ultracentrifugation in a group of 44 healthy men. Pair-wise analyses of the Ag markers revealed that Ag(a1/d), in association with either Ag(x/y) or Ag(t/z), is significantly related to plasma IDL-mass concentrations. In this cohort we detected no significant associations of the Ag alleles (singly or in combination) with plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, or mass of total VLDL or LDL. These results suggest that genetic variations in the apoB molecule may predispose to variations in concentrations of IDL that could have consequences for atherosclerotic risk.     

放射性碘在大鼠甲状腺内的滞留模式及剂量估算

为确定放射性碘在甲状腺内滞留模式，观察甲状腺吸收放射性碘后的生物效应，进而评价其辐射危害。方法利用活体测量方法，直接测量两个不同年龄组大鼠甲状腺内１３１Ⅰ的代谢参数。对测量数据进行处理后得到了大鼠甲状腺内１３１Ⅰ的滞留函数为三指数项函数。结果利用所得三指数项滞留函数的准确方法进行剂量估算，所得的两组动物的甲状腺平均累积吸收剂量分别为７．７Ｇｙ和１１．５Ｇｙ，而一般方法算得的大鼠甲状腺的平均累积吸收剂量比用准确方法高估了６６％～９１％。结论由于准确方法考虑到影响估算甲状腺所受剂量的一些因素，故可相对准确地反映了１３１Ⅰ所致不同年龄大鼠甲状腺的吸收剂量。     

工业X射线探伤防护剂量水平的研究

本文介绍了用实验方法研究不同管电压, 钢板厚度与散射线之间的关系.结果表明, 透射比随管电压升高而增加, 并随钢板厚度增加而下降；散射比随散射角的增大而逐渐下降, 至180°时为最低值。此研究为X射线探伤作业的辐射防护提供了依据。     

微电流与低浓度氯对水中脊髓灰质炎I型病毒的协同灭活效应

目的　观察微电流 (low amperage direct current,LDC)与游离氯 (free chlorine,FC)对水中脊髓灰质炎 I型病毒 (PV1 )的协同灭活效果 .方法　用微电流 0 .4～ 1 .2 m A·cm-2 协同氯 0 .2～ 0 .3 mg· L-1 处理污染 PV1水样 ,比较作用前后灭活率 K值评价灭活效果 ,用 Berenbaum方法判断微电流与氯灭活病毒有无协同效应 ,用蚀斑形成试验 (PFUA)和病毒细胞酶联免疫试验 (VELCIA)检测感染性和抗原性变化 .结果　实验观察到微电流达到 0 .4 m A· cm-2 对水中PV1有弱灭活作用 ,电流密度达到 1 .2 m A· cm-2 与 0 .2mg· L-1氯有协同灭活效应 ,微电流 1 .2 m A· cm-2与氯 0 .3mg· L-1协同消毒 30 min,水中病毒减少 4.0 8个对数级 ,而单独用氯仅减少 1 .93个对数级 ;协同作用后病毒感染性灭活增强 ,而抗原性灭活不明显 .结论　微电流协同氯可提高低浓度氯灭活水中病毒的效果     

彩色多普勒超声诊断糖尿病下肢动脉病变的临床价值

目的 :研究彩色多普勒超声在糖尿病下肢动脉病变诊断中的应用。方法 :对临床上诊断为非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病 (NIDDM)患者发生下肢动脉病变的 6 2例进行彩色多普勒超声检查 ,并以 2 0例无糖尿病正常人作对照。结果 :6 2例NIDDM患者中阳性结果 4 0例 ,发病率 6 4 .5 2 %。正常对照组 2 0例 ,阳性结果 4例 ,发病率2 0 % ,下肢动脉病变程度与NIDDM组有显著性差异P <0 .0 1。结论 :彩色多普勒超声诊断糖尿病下肢动脉病变具有重要临床意义 ,且下肢动脉病变与NIDDM有密切相关性。     

Low sodium haemodialysis reduces interdialytic fluid consumption but paradoxically increases post-dialysis thirst.

BACKGROUND: Interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) can be reduced by lowering the dialysate sodium concentration ([Na]) in haemodialysis patients. It has been assumed that this is because thirst is reduced, although this has been difficult to prove. We compared thirst patterns in stable haemodialysis patients with high and low IDWG using a novel technique and compared the effect of low sodium dialysis (LSD) with normal sodium dialysis (NSD). METHODS: Eight patients with initial high IDWG and seven with low IDWG completed hourly visual analogue ratings of thirst using a modified palmtop computer during the dialysis day and the interdialytic day. The dialysate [Na] was progressively reduced by up to 5 mmol/l over five treatments. Dialysis continued at the lowest attained [Na] for 2 weeks and the measurements were repeated. The dialysate [Na] then returned to baseline and the process was repeated. RESULTS: Baseline interdialytic day mean thirst was higher than the dialysis day mean for the high IDWG group (49.9+/-14.0 vs 36.2+/-16.6) and higher than the low weight gain group (49.9+/-14.0 vs 34.1+/-14.6). This trend persisted on LSD, but there was a pronounced increase in post-dialysis thirst scores for both groups (high IDWG: 46+/-13 vs 30+/-21; low IDWG: 48+/-24 vs 33+/-18). The high IDWG group demonstrated lower IDWG during LSD than NSD (2.23+/-0.98 vs 2.86+/-0.38 kg; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that patients with high IDWG experience more intense feelings of thirst on the interdialytic day. LSD reduces their IDWG, but paradoxically increases thirst in the immediate post-dialysis period.