内皮素-1及其受体A在子宫肌瘤中的表达及其意义

目的检测子宫肌瘤组织中内皮素-1（ET-1）及其受体A（ETA）的表达，探讨ET-1及ETA在子宫肌瘤的发生、发展中的作用。方法应用免疫组织化学SABC法检测30例子宫肌瘤组织中Er-1及ETA的表达，并与邻近的正常子宫肌组织进行比较。结果ET-1和ETA在子宫肌瘤组织和正常子宫肌组织中均有程度不同的表达。其阳性颗粒均定位于细胞浆中，其中ETA在子宫肌瘤组织中的表达以＋＋、＋＋＋为主，占73．3％；在正常子宫肌组织中的表达以＋以下为主，占66．7％，两者比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。在子宫肌瘤组织中，ETA的表达在分泌期强于增生期，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；ET-1在子宫肌瘤组织中的阳性表达占83．3％，正常子宫肌组织中的阳性表达为73．3％，两者比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论（1）子宫肌瘤组织及正常子宫肌组织均具有分泌ET-1和ETA的功能。（2）ETA在子宫肌瘤细胞中呈高表达，提示ETA的高表达与子宫肌瘤的发生有关。（3）ETA在子宫肌瘤组织中分泌期高于增生期，提示孕激素可能促进ETA的合成。     

458例变性及富细胞型子宫平滑肌瘤临床病理分析

目的探讨不同组织学类型变性的子宫平滑肌瘤及富细胞型子宫平滑肌瘤的临床特点。方法回顾性分析北京大学第一医院1993年1月-2004年1月间收治的458例经手术后病理确诊为变性的子宫肌瘤患者的临床特点，并初步评价术前彩色多普勒超声和术中大体标本检查的诊断价值。结果①肌瘤良性变性常见的症状分别是肌瘤生长迅速31．47％(73，232)，腹痛25．86％(60／232)，月经量多或经期长24．57％(57，232)；肌瘤肉瘤变时表现为肌瘤生长迅速66．67％(4，6)；富细胞型平滑肌瘤常表现为月经量多或经期长31．36％(69/220)，腹痛25．91(57／220)，肌瘤生长迅速25％(55/220)。肌瘤生长迅速在肌瘤肉瘤变时尤为明显，与肌瘤良性变性和富细胞型平滑肌瘤比较有显著性区别(P＜0．05)；②肌瘤良性变性者中超声有提示者占25．43％(59/232)，其中RI＜0．4者占17．24％(10/232)；富细胞子宫肌瘤中10．91％(24/220)和子宫肌瘤肉瘤变组33．33％(2／6)术前彩超提示RI＜0．4。③富细胞型子宫肌瘤仅10．91％(24/220)手术时送冰冻切片检查，肌瘤肉瘤变的仅1，6例术中送冰冻检查。结论子宫肌瘤出现变性及富细胞型平滑肌瘤常表现为肌瘤生长迅速，在肌瘤肉瘤变时尤为明显，重视术前的彩色超声多普勒检查及术中仔细的大体标本检查有助于诊断。     

选择性子宫动脉栓塞术对3种子宫肌瘤治疗效果的分析

目的 应用选择性子宫动脉栓塞术对3种子宫肌瘤患者进行治疗，探讨该治疗方法在不同类型子宫肌瘤中的治疗价值。方法 选择无其他疾病的典型子宫肌瘤患者共52例，其中肌壁间肌瘤22例，浆膜下肌瘤16例，黏膜下肌瘤14例。采用聚乙烯醇（Polyvinyl alcohol，PVA）与碘化油的混合液进行双侧子宫动脉栓塞治疗，随访时间为术后6个月。比较患者术前术后症状改善情况、血液血色素含量、子宫肌瘤瘤体大小，分析治疗效果。结果 子宫动脉栓塞术100％成功，无严重并发症发生。3种子宫肌瘤瘤体在术后6个月均非常显著地缩小（P〈0．01），其平均大小分别只有术前的39．6％（肌壁间肌瘤）、21．3％（浆膜下肌瘤）、24．8％（黏膜下肌瘤）。3种子宫肌瘤患者的临床症状均恢复正常，血红蛋白含量恢复至正常范围。结论 选择性子宫动脉栓塞术对3种类型的子宫肌瘤均有非常显著的治疗作用。     

子宫肌瘤大鼠模型制备方法之比较

目的比较两种子宫肌瘤大鼠模型的制备方法。方法采用单用己烯雌酚肌注（单模法）和己烯雌酚与黄体酮共同肌注（双模法）的方法制备子宫肌瘤大鼠模型。结果两种方法均能制备子宫肌瘤大鼠模型，子宫肌瘤大鼠出现血清性激素水平升高、免疫功能低下及肌细胞高度增生活跃的病理状态，综合评价双模法优于单模法。结论两种方法均能成功制备子宫肌瘤大鼠模型。     

Preoperative embolization of a large vaginal leiomyoma: Report of a case and review of the literature

Leiomyoma of the vagina is a very rare tumour of the lower urogenital tract. These slow‐growing masses may be asymptomatic or present with pain, dyspareunia or urinary symptoms. Rarely, these tumours may present with life‐threatening haemorrhage. These hypervascular tumours are treated by surgical excision. Preoperative embolization therefore may aid in devascularization of these tumours before surgical excision. We present the MRI features of a case of vaginal leiomyoma, which was managed by preoperative embolization and was then excised in toto. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report where preoperative embolization was performed before excision of a vaginal leiomyoma with minimal peroperative blood loss.     

Frequent occurrence of loss of heterozygosity among tumor suppressor genes in uterine leiomyosarcoma

OBJECTIVE: Leiomyosarcoma of the uterus is a rare smooth muscle tumor; it is extremely malignant and the rates of local recurrence and metastasis are high. Since tumor suppressor genes are commonly altered in malignant tumors, it is possible that mutations in such genes are involved in the development of uterine leiomyosarcoma. METHODS: Fifty-five patients (37-70 years of age) diagnosed as having smooth muscle tumors of the uterus were selected. DNA was extracted from four or five 8-microm-thick consecutive tissue sections of each smooth muscle tumor from the paraffin-embedded blocks. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was investigated at nine loci within or close to tumor suppressor genes (TP53, RB1, DCC, NM23, WT1, D14S267, P16, DPC4, PTCH). RESULTS: Nineteen of twenty leiomyosarcomas revealed at least one instance of LOH among eight of the nine markers tested (one locus showed no LOH at all). In fact, 11 of the 20 cases exhibited two or more instances of LOH and, of the remaining 9 cases, 4 showed a point mutation of p53 in addition to an alteration in one of the 9 markers, while one exhibited a p53 mutation only. CONCLUSION: An accumulation of genetic alterations among tumor suppressor genes may play a key role in the tumorigenesis and progression of uterine leiomyosarcoma.     

Tumor Vascular Pattern and Blood Flow Impedance in the Differential Diagnosis of Leiomyoma and Adenomyosis by Color Doppler Sonography

Purpose: Our objective was to evaluate the differences between leiomyoma and adenomyosis by color Doppler sonography with new criteria. Methods: A total of 78 patients with symptomatic uterine nodularities who were sonographically suspected to have leiomyoma or adenomyosis without other coexisting pathologic conditions was enrolled in the study. All patients underwent transvaginal color Doppler sonography (7.0-MHz vaginal probe) or transabdominal color Doppler sonography (5.0 MHz) during the early follicular phase. The morphology, tumor vascular pattern, and blood flow impedance of the uterine tumors were measured. All of the patients underwent surgery and the pathologic reports were used as references. Results: The mean age was not statistically significant in patients with adenomyosis versus leiomyoma (P > 0.05). The morphologic criteria for adenomyosis and leiomyoma by sonography detected 79% of adenomyosis and 84% of leiomyoma. Adenomyosis had 87% randomly scattered vessels or intratumoral signals and 88% of leiomyomas showed peripheral scattered vessels or outer feeding vessels. Eighty-two percent of adenomyoses had a pulsitility index (PI) of arteries within or around uterine tumors >1.17 and 84% of leiomyomas had a PI 1.17. The reliability test of tumor vascular pattern and blood flow impedance were better than that of using morphological criteria alone. Conclusions: With the aid of color Doppler sonography, tumor vascular pattern and blood flow impedance of the arteries within or around uterine tumors could more accurately diagnose adenomyosis and leiomyoma in addition to the morphologic criteria on transvaginal sonography.     

Transesophageal Echocardiographic Findings in Primary Leiomyoma of Inferior Vena Cava

We describe for the first time the usefulness of transesophageal echocardiography for the identification of a primary leiomyoma of the inferior vena cava, which originated near its junction with the right atrium. A portion of the tumor was initially visualized in the right atrium during a transthoracic echocardiographic study, but its attachment in the inferior vena cava was evident only by transesophageal echocardiography using the transgastric approach. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 10, November 1993)     

Leiomyoma of the left posterior tibial artery: A case report

A case of leiomyoma of the left posterior tibial artery is presented. This tumor produced aneurysmal dilatation of the artery and was treated successfully by surgery. This may be the first documented case of a benign smooth muscle tumor, although nearly 100 leiomyosarcomas arising from large arteries and veins have been described in the literature.     

Familial massive leiomyoma with esophageal leiomyomatosis: an unusual presentation in a father and his 2 daughters

Esophageal leiomyomatosis and leiomyoma are benign neoplastic lesions composed of proliferating smooth muscle cells. Although rare, these 2 conditions may occur simultaneously in an individual patient. Symptomatic patients often require surgical management. We describe the first reported cases of family members presenting with esophageal leiomyomatosis and concomitant massive esophageal leiomyoma.