Effects of pre- and postnatal cysteamine exposure on renal function in the rat

The safety of cysteamine after renal transplantation and during pregnancy is an important issue, since girls with cystinosis are in better health on cysteamine therapy and thus more likely to become pregnant. In the first study, cysteamine was given to pregnant rats on days 6.5–18.5 post conception in oral doses of 0, 37.5, 75, 100, and 150 mg/kg per day. The dams were sacrificed on day 20.5, the fetal kidneys removed and prepared for histological examination. In the second study, cysteamine was given to dams on days 6.5–19.5 post conception in oral doses of 0, 37.5, 50, and 75 mg/kg per day. Dams were allowed to give birth naturally and pups were given cysteamine on days 4–21 to yield the same oral doses of cysteamine given to the dam. Renal function was evaluated on day 35. Histological examination of fetal kidneys revealed no changes even in kidneys from fetuses with growth retardation and malformations. Furthermore, there were no alterations in renal function in offspring on day 35. These findings demonstrate that cysteamine therapy does not affect renal development in the rat. Further investigations will be required to prove whether cysteamine therapy has the potential to affect renal development in the human. Received: 25 September 1998 / Revised: 17 November 1998 / Accepted: 13 December 1998     

Respiratory abnormalities among male foundry workers in central Taiwan

The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship between exposure levels and respiratory abnormalities, to measure FVC and FEV1(1) changes per year based on work duties and to investigate the prevalence of and factors related to pneumoconiosis. A total of 583 male workers from 50 iron foundries in central Taiwan were investigated. First, workers' respiratory symptoms were categorized using a modified American Thoracic Society (ATS) questionnaire and then were verified by physician's examination. Next, pulmonary function tests were performed including: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced expiratory flow rate. A chest radiograph was used to diagnose pneumoconiosis according to ILO criteria. Furnace workers were found to have the highest prevalence of chronic phlegm, thoracic disorders and chronic bronchitis. In general, smokers had a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms as compared with non-smokers. Pulmonary function abnormalities and pneumoconiosis were closely linked to smoking and work duration. After adjusting for age, height and smoking there was a significant decrease based on work duration in FVC and FEV1 for furnace and moulding workers compared with after-processing and administrative workers. The overall prevalence of pneumoconiosis was 8.8%, highest among furnace (16.3%) and after-processing workers (11.4%) and lowest among administrative workers (2.5%). Using multiple logistic regression, the risk of developing pneumoconiosis (as compared with the administrative workers) for furnace workers was highest (8.98 times greater risk), followed by after-processing workers (6.77 times greater risk) and moulding workers (5.41 times greater risk). Prolonged exposure to free silica, and smoking habits, can result in respiratory abnormalities among foundry workers.     

先天性胆总管囊肿并发肝功能异常的临床意义

目的 探讨先天性胆总管囊肿肝功能异常的病理基础及临床意义,方法 分析８０例先天性胆总管囊肿患者的肝功能结果,对其中的３６例进行肝病理观察及随访,结果 该病患儿肝功能异常的发生率为８０％,胆汗淤滞是其病理基础,手术后随胆汁淤滞的解除,肝功能均恢复正常,结论 及时手术解除明道梗阻是改善肝功能的根本途径。     

多普勒超声心动图评估左心室舒张末压的研究

目的探讨多普勒超声心动图评估左室舒张末压的有效方法与指标。方法对６８例病人采用左心导管测压及经胸多普勒超声心动图检测。结果对比研究显示,联合肺静脉与二尖瓣血流频谱分析优于二尖瓣血流频谱分析,肺静脉Ａ峰和二尖瓣Ａ峰时限差值（ＰＡｄ－Ａｄ）与左室舒张末压实测值呈最佳相关性（ｒ＝０．７２,Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论认为应用多普勒超声心动图测定ＰＡｄ与Ａｄ,并以其差值估测左室舒张末压,是一项简便、可靠的无创性评估左室舒张末压的方法。ＰＡｄ－Ａｄ≥０可作为临床判断左室舒张末压增高［≥２．０ｋＰａ（１５ｍｍＨｇ）］的一项半定量指标。     

《伤寒论》水气证治论析

就《伤寒论》水气的涵义、致病特点、形成与发病、证治等方面进行了分析和探讨。认为：水气是一个病理概念,具有病理产物和致病因素的双重性,其本质是体内停蓄之水,其致病过程具有动而不居的特点;痰饮、水肿、湿痹皆是水气为患。水气的形成机制是阳虚,阳不制阴。治疗以“温药和之”为常法,振奋阳气以祛除水气;非尽以温药和之为变法,攻逐、清热、滋阴皆在其中。     

右室舒张功能的衰老演变规律脉冲多普勒超声心动图研究

目的　检测右室舒张功能的随龄演变规律。方法　用脉冲多普勒超声心动图记录320例健康知识分子的三尖瓣血流频谱,年龄范围26～90岁。结果　右室舒张功能指标Er、EMVr、EDVr、Eir、13FFr、NPFRr、ErAr、随年龄增加分别降低,而EDTcr、Ar、Air、AFFr、随年龄增加而增加。EATcr、EAVr、在各年龄组中无变化。结论　右室的舒张功能年龄增长而减低     

低剂量丙酸倍氯松吸入对轻度哮喘儿童气道高反应性的影响

为探讨低剂量丙酸倍氯松吸入对轻度哮喘儿童肺功能及气道高反应性的影响,将 ３０例轻度哮喘患儿（年龄 ５～ １４岁,男２１例,女 ９例）随机分为 ３组（每组 １０例）,分别吸入安慰剂,ＢＤＰ２００或４００μｇ／日,结果：患儿吸入２００或４００μｇ／日的ＢＤＰ后,哮喘症状明显改善, ＦＥＶＩ及 ＰＥＦ明显升高。且Ｌｏｇ［ＰＤ２０ＦＥＶ１（μｇ）］显著增加即 ＢＨＲ显著下降。其下降程度随吸药时间的延长而增加,而对照组的各项指标均无明显变化。２００μｇ组及４００μｇ组间有关临床症状改善,各项肺功能指标及 ＢＨＲ的变化,不存在显著差异（Ｐ均＜０．０５）。结论：吸入２００μｇ／日的ＢＤＰ即能有效地控制轻度儿童哮喘患者的临床症状,改善其肺功能并降低ＢＨＲ,将剂量增力。至４００μｇ／日并不能明显增力。疗效。建议临床上使用ＢＤＰ吸入疗法治疗轻度儿童哮喘时,宜采用２００μｇ／日为常规剂量。     

工业区大气污染对儿童肺功能影响研究

本文研究工业区大气污染对儿童肺功能影响,分别对大气污染区与对照区儿童进行肺功能测定、问卷调查及大气中ＳＯ２ＮＯｘ监测。     

天津市某工业区大气污染对儿童健康影响的研究

为探讨天津市区大气污染对儿童健康的影响,于１９９５年１０－１１月对天津市某工业区对对照区进行了充行病学调查。调查对象为７－１２岁儿童,结果表明污泥区大气ＳＯ２、ＮＯｘ,ＴＳＰ、ＣＯ浓度均显著高于对照区;     

大豆皂甙抑瘤效应及对荷瘤鼠免疫功能的影响

为了从兔疫学角度探讨大豆皂甙的抑瘤机理,采用T淋巴细胞功能和淋巴因子测定法及细胞毒技术,研究了大豆皂甙对荷瘤鼠肿瘤生长的抑制作用及对荷瘤鼠免疫功能的影响.结果表明,大豆皂甙明显抑制荷瘤鼠肿瘤细胞的生长,促进荷瘤鼠脾和胸腺细胞的增殖反应及脾T淋巴细胞IL-2的分泌,增强LAK和NK肿瘤杀伤细胞的活性.提示大豆皂甙是一种良好的抑制肿瘤细胞生长的免疫调节剂.