Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression and Cyclosporine Toxicity in Renal Allograft Rejection

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on renal function and on development of interstitial fibrosis (IF) in renal allografts. Tubular and interstitial expressions of VEGF and TNF-α, and density of macrophages in the interstitium were examined in 92 patients with nonrejected kidneys, acute rejection (AR), chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN), borderline changes (BC) and acute cyclosporin A (CsA) toxicity. Follow-up biopsy specimens from patients with AR and BC were evaluated for development of IF. A significant difference in tubular and interstitial VEGF expressions was found between patients with AR, BC, CAN and CsA toxicity (p < 0.001). Macrophage infiltration was positively correlated with VEGF and TNF-α expressions (p < 0.001). VEGF expression increased with increasing expression of TNF-α (p < 0.001). Renal function in first 6 months after initial biopsy was better in patients with marked tubular VEGF expression (p < 0.01); however, in follow-up, development of IF and graft loss was found earlier in these patients (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Increased renal VEGF expression has protective properties immediately following renal allograft but allows for increased risk of early IF, and therefore poor graft outcome in the long term.     

老年人肺功能与年龄增长的关系

目的: 探讨60岁以上老人动态肺功能随年龄增长的变化规律及机制.方法: 用日本PM-81型胸描仪对60岁以上老人动态肺功能的各项指标进行测量和分析.结果: 60岁以上老人动态肺功能各项指标均随年龄增加而降低,差异有高度显著性(P<0.01).结论: 60岁以上老人动态肺功能随年龄的增加而降低.其机制主要是呼吸中枢的功能降低,肺和胸廓的弹性阻力、呼吸道的非弹性阻力增加所致.     

Teacher＇s Adjustable Function on the Basis of Learner＇s Needs＇ Analysis

There are the problems that influence English teaching, because the learners have the wrong understandings about the target needs and learning needs. The article analyses and discusses the teaching methods on dealing with the matter. The author thinks the teachers＇ adjustable function counting for much more.     

Further evidence of preserved memory function in Alzheimer's disease

Memory performance of elderly patients in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (DAT) was compared with that of elderly control subjects. In explicit tests of recognition memory, which involve conscious recollection, the DAT patients were grossly impaired. In implicit tests of anagram solution and wordstem completion, which do not require conscious recollection, the DAT patients were not impaired. These findings further support the idea that a separate memory system, episodic memory, underlies conscious recollection, that it is this system which is most commonly damaged in amnesia, and that memory systems not involving conscious recollection may be spared in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.     

心房充血分数评价高血压患者左室舒张功能的临床研究

目的探讨心房充血分数(AFF)在评价高血压患者左室舒张功能方面的临床应用价值。方法应用声学定量技术(AQ)对40名高血压患者及40名正常人的AAF值,快充血率峰值(PRFR)进行测定,并兼测了二尖瓣口E峰峰值速度与A峰峰值速度比(EV/AV)。结果高血压患者的AFF值明显高于正常人(P<0·001);而PRFR、EV/AV值明显低于正常人(P<0·001~P<0·05)。且所有受试者的AFF值与EV/AV值、PRFR值分别呈负相关(r=-0·51;r=-0·61)。结论AFF能够客观的反映高血压患者的左室舒张功能变化,对鉴别左室舒张功能异常有一定的诊断意义。     

不同免疫剂治疗扩张型心肌病患儿心功能和临床预后评价

目的观察比较泼尼松联用硫唑嘌呤和大剂量静脉用免疫球蛋白(IVIG)对扩张型心肌病(DCM)患儿心功能及预后的影响。方法将DCM患儿20例分为治疗Ⅰ和Ⅱ组,分别在传统抗心衰治疗基础上加泼尼松联用硫唑嘌呤和大剂量IVIG,治疗1个疗程后评价心功能,检测治疗前后左房横径(LA)、左室舒张期内径(LV)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、心脏指数(CI),并计算其治疗前后变化。所有病例随访1年,计算1年存活率。结果治疗Ⅱ组心功能明显优于治疗Ⅰ组(P均<0.05);两组LA、LV、LVEF和CI治疗后较治疗前均有明显改善(P均<0.05);治疗Ⅰ组各参数变化明显低于治疗Ⅱ组(P均<0.05),其1年存活率明显低于治疗组Ⅱ(P<0.05)。结论泼尼松联用硫唑嘌呤和大剂量IVIG均能改善DCM患儿心功能,但IVIG疗效优于泼尼松联用硫唑嘌呤。     

Tissue plasminogen activator genetic polymorphisms do not influence tissue plasminogen activator release in patients with coronary heart disease

OBJECTIVES: To determine if polymorphisms of the tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) gene influence acute endogenous t-PA release in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: Forearm blood flow and plasma t-PA concentrations were measured in response to intra-brachial infusion of substance P and sodium nitroprusside in 96 patients with stable CHD. Genotyping was performed using a Taqman polymerase chain reaction assay specifically designed to detect the polymorphisms of interest: (i) Alu-repeat insertion/deletion sequence; (ii) C-->T substitution in an upstream enhancer region (-7351 C/T); (iii) T-->C in exon 6 (20 099 T/C); and (iv) T-->A (27 445 T/A) in intron 10. RESULTS: Substance P and sodium nitroprusside caused dose-dependent increases in forearm blood flow in all patients (P < 0.001 for all) that were independent of the four genetic polymorphisms. Similarly, there were no differences in basal plasma t-PA antigen concentrations or net t-PA release between genotypes. Compared to non-smokers, smokers exhibited impaired substance P-induced vasodilatation (P < 0.001) and t-PA release (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Despite confirming our previous findings in cigarette smokers, we have found no effect of polymorphisms of the t-PA gene on two complementary aspects of endothelial function. We conclude that genetic variation of the t-PA locus is unlikely to have a major influence on acute t-PA release in subjects with established CHD.     

Urinary cyclic AMP response to bovine parathyroid hormone during treatment with neuroleptics

The urinary cyclic AMP response to bovine parathyroid hormone and urinary concentrating ability (max Uosm) after des-amino-D -arginine vasopressin were studies in nine volunteers and seven patients receiving long-term neuroleptic treatment. Max Uosm was lower in the patient group (770 ± 70 mosmol/kg) compared with the controls (948 ± 152 mosmol/kg) but the trend to a lower cAMP response to bovine PTH was not statistically significant. These results suggest that, although adenylate cyclase inhibition may contribute, other mechanisms are also important in the genesis of reduced uring concentrating ability in patients treated with psychotropic drugs.     

茶色素对冠心病及高血压病病人血小板功能的影响

目的：探索茶色素对冠心病、高血压病病人血小板功能的影响。方法：冠心病病人３６例（男性２１例，女性１５例；年龄６４±ｓ４ａ）；高血压病病人３０例（男性１８例，女性１２例；年龄５８±８ａ）。采用茶色素２５０ｍｇ，ｐｏ，ｔｉｄ，３０ｄ为一个疗程。结果：治疗后ＴＸＢ２下降，６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＰ１α上升，ＴＸＢ２／６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α比值下降（Ｐ＜０．０１或Ｐ＜０．０５），ＧＭＰ－１４０下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＰａｇＴ，ＰａｄＴ下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：茶色素具有降低血小板表面活性作用，抑制血小板聚集和粘附，抗血栓形成，改善微循环，对冠心病和高血压病病人起到积极的防治作用。     

ITERATIVE DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING FOR MINIMUM ENERGY CONTROL PROBLEMS WITH TIME DELAY

This paper presents the use of iterative dynamic programming employing exact penalty functions for minimum energy control problems. We show that exact continuously non-differentiable penalty functions are superior to continuously differentiable penalty functions in terms of satisfying final state constraints. We also demonstrate that the choice of an appropriate penalty function factor depends on the relative size of the time delay with respect to the final time and on the expected value of the energy consumption. A quadratic approximation (QA) of the delayed variables is much better than a linear approximation (LA) of the same for relatively large time delays. The QA improves the rate of convergence and avoids the formation of ‘kinks‘. A more general way of selecting appropriate penalty function factors is given and the results obtained using four illustrative examples of varying complexity corroborate the efficacy of the method.