Multicolor spectral karyotyping of the L5178Y Tk+/- -3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cell line

The L5178Y/Tk+/- -3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cell line is characterized, at the cytogenetic level, by a karyotype involving both numerical and complex structural aberrations. While the karyotype is remarkably normal for a transformed cell line that has been in culture for almost half a century, there are a number of chromosomal alterations that because of their complexity cannot be fully characterized by routine or even high-resolution G-banding studies. Multicolor spectral karyotyping (SKY) was performed on the cell line in anticipation of identifying the previously unresolved chromosome aberrations and confirming interpretations previously identified by banding studies. New chromosome aberrations detected by SKY include numerical aberrations of chromosome 15, duplications of regions of chromosomes 4, 5, 12, and 18, and deletion of chromosome 14. Complex unbalanced translocations involved segments of chromosomes 6, 14, and 15. In total, the SKY technique was able to provide new refined designations on segments of eight different chromosome pairs (4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 14, 15, 18) and identified all three previously unidentified marker chromosomes. This analysis provides an updated standard reference for the karyotype of the L5178Y/Tk+/- -3.7.2C cell line used in the in vitro mouse lymphoma mutation assay.     

常州地区闭经患者细胞遗传学分布特点

目的：探讨常州地区闭经患者细胞遗传学分布情况。方法：按常规染色体核型分析方法进行外周血染色体核型分析。结果：201例闭经患者进行了细胞遗传学检查,发现59例异常,占29.4%,原发闭经55例,继发闭经4例。其中X染色体数目异常26例,占44.1%;单纯X染色体结构异常16例,占27.1%;出现Y染色体12例,占20.3%;X合并常染色体结构异常4例,占6.8%;常染色体异常1例,占1.7%。结论：原发性闭经与染色体异常密切相关,细胞遗传学检查有助于明确病因、有效治疗。     

Partial trisomy of chromosome 13 as a single cytogenetic abnormality in an Italian case of nasal NK/T lymphoma

Extranodal NK/T lymphoma, nasal type, is an uncommon neoplasm that occurs with a higher prevalence among Asian populations and Native American populations of Central and Southern America. In Western countries, this tumor is extremely rare, accounting for less than 1.5% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Cytogenetic analyses have been performed only in a limited number of cases, mainly because of technical problems related to extensive necrosis and the scarcity of clinical samples, and these have shown complex karyotypes with no specific chromosomal translocations. Here, we report the cytogenetic characterization of a clinically aggressive nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma occurring in a 40-year-old Italian male patient, in which the sole chromosome abnormality was a partial trisomy of chromosome?13.     

染色体核型异常胎儿的超声检查分析

目的分析超声引导下经腹绒毛活检、脐静脉穿刺取血及羊膜腔穿刺诊断的染色体核型异常胎儿的超声图像特征。方法应用IU22彩色多普勒超声诊断仪对胎儿行超声检查,并结合血清学化验,在超声引导下,经腹绒毛活检、脐静脉穿刺取血及羊膜腔穿刺行胎儿染色体检查。结果47例染色体异常胎儿中,超声诊断胚胎停育者14例（29.8%）,余33例超声检查发现畸形27例（81.82%）,畸形数〉2处者19例,合并心脏畸形11例。异常核型中三体型者27例（57.4%）,其中18三体12例,21三体5例,13三体5例,16三体5例,其余为45X等。18三体占三体型的44.4%（12/27）。结论妊娠早、中期应行彩色多普勒超声检查,多数染色体核型异常的胎儿可发现声像图异常。在超声引导下绒毛活检,羊膜腔、脐静脉穿刺,行染色体核型分析可显著提高染色体核型异常胎儿的检出率和诊断率。     

光谱核型分析技术在白血病研究中的初步应用

目的 建立光谱核型分析技术（SKY）,并初步探讨SKY在白血病中的应用价值。方法 SKY检测2例健康志愿者建立SKY技术,并选择8例已进行R显带核型分析的白血病患者进行SKY检测,其中4例还分别进行了MLL、PML／RARa、BCR／ABL等基因的双融合荧光原位杂交（DF—FISH）检测。将R显带核型及DF—FISH结果进行比较,考察SKY技术的稳定性和可靠性。结果 10例标本的SKY分析均获成功。2例健康志愿者均示正常核型,8例白血病患者中,SKY分析分别发现9q一,t（9;22）,t（15;17）,及复杂核型47,XY,＋9？ins（1;5）（q23;q23）,t（6;7）（q23？;p13）和一些数量异常。这些结果均证实了R显带及DF-FISH的结论,并有更精确的定位和补充。结论 本研究建立的光谱核型分析技术具有较高的稳定性、可靠性和精确性,可应用于白血病的染色体研究。     

Karyotyping of human metaphase II oocytes by multifluor fluorescence in situ hybridization

OBJECTIVE: To quantify aneuploidy in inseminated, injected, and noninjected oocytes from infertility patients using Multifluor fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH). DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Reproductive biology group, academic unit of pediatrics, obstetrics, and gynecology. PATIENT(S): Forty-eight patients undergoing ovarian stimulation and either intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF). INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): M-FISH karyotyping of 67 metaphase II oocytes, including noninjected in vitro matured oocytes, and injected inseminated-failed fertilized oocytes. RESULT(S): Thirty-nine percent of oocytes were aneuploid, with nondisjunction of chromosomes in 34% of oocytes and predivision of chromatids in 10%. There was no difference in aneuploidy rates between ICSI noninjected in vitro matured oocytes and injected, failed fertilized oocytes. Chromosomes most frequently involved in aneuploidy were 15, 18, 19, 22, and X. In seven injected ICSI MII oocytes, the prematurely condensed sperm chromatin was karyotyped by M-FISH. CONCLUSION(S): M-FISH was used to diagnose aneuploidy at maternal meiosis I in 39% of oocytes, and M-FISH karyotyping of sperm was demonstrated.     

伴有8号染色体四体异常的t(15;17)急性早幼粒细胞白血病实验诊断及临床分析

目的:报告首例伴有8号染色体四体(四体8)异常的t(15;17)急性早幼粒白血病(AML-M3a),并研究其形态学、细胞遗传学、免疫学及临床特点。方法:外周血及骨髓标本直接涂片观察其形态学改变;采用骨髓细胞24h短期培养法制备染色体标本,RHG显带技术进行核型分析;以筑巢式逆转录聚合酶链反应(nested-RT-PCR)技术检测PML-RARa融合基因转录本;以流式细胞术检测免疫表型。结果:外周血涂片中早幼粒细胞占65%,可见中晚幼粒细胞。骨髓涂片显示有核细胞增生明显活跃,粒系83.6%,其中早幼粒细胞占72.4%,胞浆内可见大量紫红色颗粒。染色体核型分析揭示核型为48,XY,+8,+8,t(15;17)(q22;q12)[16]/47,XY,+8,t(15;17)(qxx:q12)[3]/46,XY,t(15;17)(q22;q12)[1]。RT-PCR检测PML-RARa(+),白血病细胞免疫表型检测显示CD13(96.2%)、CD33(55.9%)、CYMPO(93.5%)阳性,其余抗原包括淋系抗原在内均为阴性。本例患者生存期只有10d。结论:本例四体8是t(15;17)的继发性改变,可能是三体8克隆进展的结果。伴有四体8的t(15;17)AML-M3预后差。     

Automated multiple-cell karyotyping: a clinical feasibility study

In order to increase the efficiency of the Magiscan metaphase location and karyotyping system, its software and mode of operation have been changed. In the new multiple-cell karyotyping method, interactions by the operator are only required for relocation and counting of metaphases, but not for karyotyping. Metaphases are located and their coordinates recorded automatically as before. The first metaphase in the list is relocated, displayed on the screen, and counted by the operator. It is then karyotyped automatically while the operator relocates and counts the next metaphase in the list. This procedure continues until an appropriate number of metaphases have been counted and karyotyped. Finally a composite karyotype is printed out. Each karyotype is represented by a column of 23 chromosome pairs (1-22 and XX or XY) and all columns are lined up next to each other. Most chromosomes are correctly classified into the composite karyotype. Minor structural abnormalities are detected by comparing pairs of homologues. Overlapped, close touching, and grossly abnormal chromosomes are often misclassified or rejected and shown beneath the classified chromosomes. A trained cytotechnician can easily detect even small chromosome abnormalities on the composite karyotype. A clinical feasibility study indicates that the procedure can be used for routine cytogenetic analysis.     

Mixed gonadal dysgenesis and cell line differentiation. Case presentation and literature review

A male patient with mixed gonadal dysgenesis, involving a streak gonad on the right and a histologically normal testis in the left, was found to have a 45, X/46, X, dic(Yp) chromosome constitution on peripheral blood cultures. Fibroblasts grown from both gonads showed the "normal" testicular tissue to have e 45, X/46, X, dic(Yp), whereas the cells from the streak gonad were all 45, X. The structure of the dic(Yp) chromosome was confirmed using non-isotopic in situ hybridization with Y centromere and Yp specific probes. On hormonal stimulation, testosterone levels rose by 50%. The "normal" testis was left in situ , but close follow up will be required in view of the malignant potential.