介入化疗栓塞治疗32例宫颈癌合并出血的临床疗效分析

目的探讨介入化疗栓塞治疗宫颈癌合并出血的临床意义。方法对３２例宫颈癌合并出血的患者采用子宫动脉灌注５－氟尿嘧啶（５－Ｆｕ）、顺铂（ＰＤＤ）、丝裂霉素（ＭＭＣ）加碘油行子宫动脉化疗栓塞,再用明胶海绵栓塞止血。结果①盆腔动脉造影能清楚显示肿瘤血管及范围,明确出血部位,经化疗栓塞后全部病例得以止血。②介入治疗能够短时间内控制巨大肿瘤,但难以使肿瘤完全坏死。结论介入化疗栓塞能够取得满意的止血效果,是其他治疗手段不可比拟的。介入治疗能够提高宫颈癌的近期疗效,但单纯用介入治疗难以根治,必须配合手术治疗或放射治疗。     

心血管疾病介入诊治术患者心理状态调查分析

对８６２例心血管疾病介入诊治术患者术前分别采用心理护理（ｎ＝４３１）和非心理护理（ｎ＝４３１）前后比较心理状态差别观察。结果显示：手术前所有患者均有严重焦虑心理,经采用心理宣教、心理护理后,患者焦虑程度大大降低（Ｐ＜０．００１）,处于接受手术的最佳心理状态,保证手术顺利进行,并减少了术前、中、后并发症的发生。而未行心理宣教及心理护理的患者的焦虑程度几乎没有变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）,有的甚至提高。通过对照观察、心理宣教及心理护理的有效实施,对消除患者的焦虑、恐惧心理有较满意的效果,并能达到仅靠操作技术难以获得的效果,起到良好的助手作用。     

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous laser ablation of liver tissue in a rabbit model

The present report evaluates the efficacy and safety of percutaneous interstitial laser tissue ablation of the liver in nine New Zealand rabbits. A Nd: YAG laser was coupled to a quartz fibreoptic guide (600 m) with a flat tip. The fibre and a thermocouple were placed in the lumen of two Chiba needles (18G) and these were inserted into the liver 10 mm apart under ultrasound guidance. The laser was fired for 5 min at 1, 3 and 5 W power, respectively, in three groups of rabbits. There were no acute complications and all the rabbits except one survived until the established time of sacrifice. The procedure induced a cavity surrounded by a zone (about 10 mm) of coagulative necrosis. After 2 weeks a strong peripheral inflammatory response was evident and after 4 weeks a capsule of connective tissue enclosed the lesions. Our study seems to offer a safe and rapid technique producing a guaranteed kill radius for the treatment of small hepatic neoplasms. Correspondence to: C. M. Pacella     

子宫颈浸润癌介入、手术、再介入治疗30例临床探讨

目的　根据女性盆腔血管解剖学和生理学特点以及介入放射学理论 ,子宫颈癌对化疗药物的敏感性 ,应用介入、手术、再介入的方法治疗子宫颈浸润癌 ,观察其消长变化 ,评价该治疗方案在临床上的应用价值。方法　子宫颈浸润癌Ⅰb -Ⅲ期患者 30例 ,术前常规行盆腔介入治疗。介入后 1 4d左右 ,行子宫颈癌根治术 ,术后根据临床分期分别再介入 3～ 6次。结果　治疗后追踪随访 1～ 6年 ,全部未见复发征象。结论　本组临床观察结果初步肯定介入、手术、再介入方法在治疗子宫颈浸润癌方面是有前途的     

局部动脉内灌注化疗治疗晚期恶性骨肿瘤的近期疗效观察

目的　评价晚期恶性骨肿瘤局部动脉内灌注化疗 (TAI)的临床价值。方法　 43例均采用Seldinger技术经皮穿刺股动脉 ,插入4～ 5F导管至肿瘤局部供血动脉内行化疗药物的灌注术 ,并对术前、术后 2周内病人疼痛的VAS评分 (视觉模拟量表或视觉模拟评分法 ) ,入院、出院病人生活质量的Karnofsky评分 (卡莫夫斯基机能评分 )和ECOG(东方肿瘤协作组 )评分 ,以及WHO对骨原发及骨转移瘤近期治疗效果的评价标准等进行综合比较。结果　TAI术后病人疼痛的VAS评分明显少于术前 ;病人出院的Karnofsky评分、ECOG评分明显优于入院 ,CR PR近期有效率为 48 8%。结论　TAI为治疗晚期恶性骨肿瘤的一种有效方法 ,它能明显缓解病人疼痛 ,改善生存质量。     

Role of radiology in the treatment of malignant hilar biliary strictures 2: 10 years of single‐institution experience with percutaneous treatment

We reviewed the results of percutaneous intervention of hilar biliary malignancy over a 10‐year period at a single institution: the Royal Melbourne Hospital. Ninety‐nine patients (100 treated in total) were included. Information was retrieved by retrospective examination of patient notes and radiology, combined with interviews with family and relevant physicians. Sixty‐nine patients were treated with insertion of semipermanent stents, 19 had external drain tubes, and 25 received percutaneous access for Iridium brachytherapy. Adequate drainage was achieved in 87% of the patients stented, and percutaneous access was successful in 96% of patients planned for brachytherapy. Of those patients undergoing endoprosthesis insertion, early complications occurred in 39% and late complications in 23%. Average survival for the entire patient population was 227.3 days, with a median of 167 days. Longer survival times (213 vs 142 days) and lower complication rates (44 vs 64%) are observed with metal stents in comparison with plastic stents. Percutaneous intervention is an important treatment option in hilar biliary malignancy, particularly in patients unfit for surgery. Reasonable survival with good palliation is the most common outcome, and most patients do not require further intervention.     

应用冷循环集束电极射频治疗晚期肝癌的疗效观察

[目的]观察冷循环集束电极射频治疗晚期肝癌的效果。[方法]冷循环集束电极射频治疗38例晚期肝癌，术后每月复查CT观察病变区液化坏死和病灶缩小情况以及增强扫描是否强化、患者生存质量及AFP变化。[结果]术后1个月CT显示全部病灶均出现部分液化坏死及CT扫描不强化，3个月后CT扫描5例患者肿瘤完全坏死。其余大部分坏死。全部患者术后1个月KPS评分均提高10分以上。随访AFP变化与肿瘤毁损情况一致。术后CT复查病灶液化坏死范围大或病灶缩小明显的病例AFP下降显著。[结论]冷循环集束电极射频治疗是一种安全、有效、耐受性好的晚期肝癌治疗技术。初步结果显示该治疗能够提高患者生存质量、延长生存期，值得深入研究并推广。     

肝癌介入治疗方法的回顾与展望

介入治疗被认为是肝癌非手术疗法中的首选方法。肝癌介入治疗方法可分为经皮经血管治疗技术和经皮非血管治疗技术。单纯动脉内灌注抗癌药效果差，各种肝动脉栓塞术尤其是使用同轴导管作超选节段性治疗是介入治疗的主流；一些非血管介入方法如经皮无水乙醇注射治疗、经皮射频消融治疗等以及合理的综合治疗也是治疗肝癌的有效武器。     

介入化疗联合放射治疗原发性巨块型肝癌的研究

目的观察介入治疗联合三维适形放疗治疗原发性巨块型肝癌的临床疗效及毒副作用。方法对58例患者介入治疗1~2次后,应用治疗计划系统(treatment planning system,TPS)制定治疗计划,行三维适形放疗。结果治疗后完全缓解(CR)4例,占6.89%,部分缓解(PR)31例,占53.44%,无变化(NC)19例,占32.76%,总有效率CR PR为60.34%;1、2年的生存率分别为70.1%,50%。介入治疗后部分患者出现恶心、呕吐、纳差、上腹部不适、腹胀等胃肠道反应。放疗后18例出现右上腹痛,9例出现肝功能损伤,但程度较轻。结论介入化疗联合三维适形放疗能提高原发性巨块型肝癌的临床疗效,延长生存期,毒副作用可耐受。     

模拟定位机引导下经皮穿刺集束巨能刀射频治疗肺癌的临床应用

为了探讨局部麻醉和模拟定位机引导在集束巨能刀治疗肺癌的射频治疗的适应证、治疗效果以及并发症的预防和处理,采用0·5%普鲁卡因局部浸润麻醉,模拟定位机引导下经皮穿刺集束巨能刀治疗肺癌46例。CT显示条索状瘢痕残余11例,空洞形成或直径缩小32例,无变化1例,增大2例。治疗中患者均有不同程度的胸腔内热感及短时间内可以忍受的疼痛感。并发症包括气胸7例、皮下气肿5例、发热24例、咯血13例和慢性支气管炎急性发作4例。初步研究结果提示,集束巨能刀射频治疗周围型肺癌疗效满意,尤其适用于直径<3cm的肿瘤。局部麻醉配合全身止痛药物应用可以很好地解决治疗中的疼痛问题,与全麻相比还具有省时省力、费用低的优势;对于周围型肺癌,模拟定位机引导经皮穿刺定位与CT引导相比,同样准确、安全,但操作更为方便。