介入治疗脑血管病相关对比剂脑病临床及影像学表现:7例报告

目的 观察介入治疗脑血管病相关对比剂脑病（CIE）的临床及影像学表现。方法 回顾性分析7例因脑血管病接受介入治疗后发生CIE患者,观察其临床及影像学表现。结果 7例介入治疗包括4例动脉瘤栓塞术、1例右侧大脑中动脉介入取栓术、1例左侧大脑中动脉取栓术联合球囊扩张成形术及1例颈内动脉狭窄球囊扩张成形术。术后12 h内6例新发偏瘫、1例偏瘫加重,出现癫痫及视力障碍（皮质盲）各4例,意识障碍3例,失语1例;影像学表现包括MRI显示术侧大脑皮层肿胀、脑组织呈弥散加权成像（DWI）高信号3例、两侧枕额叶DWI高信号1例,CT显示3例术侧脑沟高密度影。经降颅压等对症支持治疗2~5天后新发症状消失,2~14天后体征好转或消失;6例治疗后9~48 h、1例治疗后5天复查显示上述异常征象减弱或消失,脑血管MR造影（MRA）颅内动脉均未见狭窄及闭塞。结论 CIE临床及影像学表现均具有一定特异性,及时确诊并给予相应治疗预后较好。     

标准卒中救治流程缩短介入治疗再通时间

目的　分析长海医院标准卒中救治流程对大血管闭塞急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）介入治疗再通时间的影响。方法　回顾性连续选择2013年9月至2019年12月我院脑血管病中心收治的行血管内治疗的大血管闭塞AIS患者876例,排除病例资料不全者66例,最终纳入810例。按照是否实验施标准卒中救治流程（2018年6月22日）将患者分为研究组（采用标准卒中救治流程,335例）和对照组（未采用标准卒中救治流程,475例）。比较两组患者的入院至进针时间（DNT）、入院至股动脉穿刺时间（DPT）、股动脉穿刺至血管成功再通时间（PRT）,以及血管成功再通[改良脑梗死溶栓（mTICI）分级为2b/3级]率、术后90 d预后良好[改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分为0～2分]率。结果　两组患者性别、年龄及入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。研究组采用静脉溶栓+血管内治疗的患者占比低于对照组［14.3%（48/335）vs 31.2%（148/475）P<0.01］。在行静脉溶栓+血管内治疗的患者中,研究组DNT、DPT、PRT均短于对照组［34.2（28.1,60.4）min vs 53.5（27.0,72.2）min、76.5（55.9,106.4）min vs 97.0（68.9,151.1）min、45.0（37.3,90.4）min vs 78.0（55.4,109.3）min］,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.01）;研究组的预后良好率、血管成功再通率［分别为66.7%（32/48）、91.8%（44/48）］与对照组［分别为57.4%（85/148）、93.2%（138/148）］相比差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。在直接行血管内治疗的患者中,研究组DPT、PRT也均短于对照组［67.0（50.1,109.0）min vs 87.0（60.8,150.0）min、48.0（43.5,80.8）min vs 74.0（60.3,100.6）min］,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.01）;研究组的预后良好率、血管成功再通率［分别为54.7%（157/287）、93.0%（267/287）］与对照组［分别为52.3%（171/327）、91.1%（298/328）］相比差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论　我院的标准卒中救治流程能显著缩短DNT、DPT和PRT时间,缩短介入治疗再通时间。但血管再通率与良好预后率未显示明显提高。     

Anaesthesia in the MRI unit

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely available imaging modality providing high-resolution images of soft tissues. The magnetic fields generated by these scanners create an array of safety challenges which require specialist equipment and trained staff to safely operate within this environment.Guidance exists for the anaesthetist working in the MR suite, though for many individuals it remains a less familiar environment and remote site for practising safe anaesthesia.We outline the specific concerns with commonly encountered implanted devices and some of the practicalities related to caring for patients with these devices in the MRI suite.Within neuroanaesthesia, advances in procedural techniques and technology in MRI lead to an increased number of patients requiring scanning for diagnosis and treatment progress.This includes patients on the critical care unit and intraoperatively in the interventional MRI suites.     

蟾蜍类制剂抗乳腺癌的作用及其机制研究进展

蟾蜍类中药传统以内服经全身抗乳腺癌,或外敷以局部治疗晚期乳腺癌,但应用较少。近年研究显示,蟾蜍类中药制剂及单体具有多途径、多靶点抗肿瘤特性,其有效成分能诱导乳腺癌细胞凋亡、抑制细胞增殖及增敏化疗药物实现耐药逆转,有良好的抗乳腺癌效果。本文对蟾蜍类中药制剂和有效单体的抗乳腺癌效果和机制进行综述,蟾蜍类中药制剂和有效单体能通过2种途径诱导乳腺癌细胞凋亡,并针对有效单体蟾毒灵联合化疗药物起到减毒增效及耐药逆转作用提出与介入治疗结合的整合医疗治疗乳腺癌的设想进行讨论,以期为乳腺癌精准治疗提供参考。     

急性肠系膜静脉血栓形成患者介入治疗的护理

目的 总结介入溶栓治疗急性肠系膜静脉血栓形成患者的护理.方法 对19例急性肠系膜静脉血栓患者行经皮穿刺股动脉、肠系膜上动脉置管间接肠系膜静脉溶栓治疗,总结分析术前、术后的护理措施,包括术前心理护理、有效的胃肠减压、病情观察评估、早期介入手术,术后严密的病情观察、溶栓护理、抗凝护理及营养支持.结果 19例置管溶栓患者在术前术后规范的治疗及护理下,1例溶栓48 h后出现腹痛进行性加重、腹膜刺激征,转外科手术治疗.18例患者介入治疗后症状缓解,排便正常.出院后随访12个月,18例患者均无明显的腹痛腹胀,排便正常.结论 介入溶栓治疗是治疗急性肠系膜静脉血栓患者的安全、有效的方法.充分术前评估准备、早期介入溶栓以及术后病情的严密监测、溶栓抗凝护理、并发症的观察是手术成功和患者早期康复的重要保障.     

The efficacy of hemodialysis in interventional therapy in coronary artery disease patients with chronic renal insufficiency

The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy and safety of hemodialysis in interventional therapy for patients with coronary artery disease combined with chronic renal insufficiency. With the aging and social development, the number of coronary artery disease patients with chronic renal insufficiency gradually increased. Total 58 coronary heart disease patients with chronic renal dysfunction were selected. These patients were characterized with typical angina symptoms and typical electrocardiogram (ECG) changes of onset angina. Continuous oral administration of sodium bicarbonate tablets 1?g 3/day?×?3 days and slow intravenous input sodium chloride 1000 ～1500 mL 3–12?h before operation were given. By this way, all patients were treated by hydration and alkalization. After percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) treatment, patients were immediately transferred to undergo 4?h of dialysis treatment without removing indwelling of femoral artery puncture sheath tube to protect renal function. Changes in renal function including serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, and urine were observed and recorded. All patients were successfully underwent PCI treatment. Within one month after PCI, there were no obvious complication and no stent thrombosis occurred. Among of 58 patients, 56 cases showed no significant increase in serum creatinine levels compared with those before operation. However, serum creatinine level of one patient increased to 251?umol/L and one patient still required permanent dialysis. Using hemodialysis in interventional therapy in coronary artery disease patients with chronic renal insufficiency could significantly improve the prognosis of the patients.     

股动脉穿刺压迫约束带的设计与临床应用

目的探讨自制约束带在股动脉穿刺术后压迫止血的有效性和安全性。方法选择经股动脉穿刺行介入治疗的患者196例,将其随机分为观察组(n=96)与对照组(n=100)。对照组常规在股动脉穿刺点用弹力绷带8字型加压包扎的基础上使用沙袋压迫止血6h,观察组在股动脉穿刺点使用自制约束带加压固定止血,两组患者均下肢制动24h。比较两组术后约束相关并发症。结果观察组穿刺部位假性动脉瘤、皮肤过敏反应及排尿困难发生率均为0,皮下淤血和血肿、皮肤过敏反应发生率显著低于对照组(均P0.05)。结论股动脉穿刺压迫约束带使用安全有效,且护理操作简单。     

彩色多普勒超声引导下腔内治疗股腘动脉硬化闭塞症

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声引导下股腘动脉硬化闭塞症腔内治疗的近期疗效及安全性。方法收集股腘动脉硬化闭塞症患者19例(共21条肢体),在彩色多普勒超声引导下进行腔内治疗。结果 19例患者中,重度肢体缺血(卢瑟福分级4~6级)6例,间歇性跛行(卢瑟福分级2~3级)13例。合并慢性肾功能不全12例,高血压病13例,糖尿病11例,含碘对比剂过敏2例,肾衰竭2例。21条肢体中,泛大西洋介入学会协议(TASC)A级12条、TASC B级6条、TASC C级3条。1例TASC C级病变腔内治疗失败,转开放转流手术,余18例20条肢体均治疗成功,无手术相关并发症。术前踝肱指数与术后比较差异有统计学意义(0.47±0.12vs 0.89±0.15,P0.05)。术后1个月病变段通畅率100%(20/20),术后6个月通畅率90.00%(18/20)。术后随访期间肾功能无恶化。结论对于存在对比剂肾病风险、含碘离子对比剂过敏的患者,彩色多普勒超声引导下的下肢动脉成形术是较好选择。