探讨心脏介入性治疗中并发心脏压塞的原因及诊断治疗

目的:探讨分析心脏介入性治疗中并发心脏压塞的原因、诊断及治疗方法。方法:分析该院2010年1月-2014年11月间收治的487例心脏介入性治疗患者的临床资料,根据患者的临床表现、超声心动图检查以及X线检查诊断心脏压塞。一旦发现患者出现心脏压塞的症状,立即停止心脏介入性治疗,采取心包穿刺术引流、心包切开引流术、冠状动脉搭桥术和冠状动脉修补术等治疗。结果:本院收治的487例心脏介入性治疗患者中发生心脏压塞并发症患者为3例,发生率为0.62%。发病原因为:房间隔穿刺时误穿左心房壁、左心房壁受损,冠状动脉破裂及心包压塞。2例患者病情经X线片检查得以证实,另外1例患者X线片检查无异样,后经超声心动图检查证实病情。1例患者行心包穿刺术治疗,1例患者行心包切开引流术治疗,另1例患者行冠状动脉搭桥术和破裂冠状动脉修补术,治疗后3例患者均未出现不良反应,血流动力学指标正常,病情恢复稳定,预后状况良好。结论:心脏压塞是心脏介入性治疗中一种极为少见并且较为危险的并发症,及时发现、快速认清病因并进行恰当处理,是患者有良好预后的保证。     

Effectiveness and safety profiling of zolpidem and acupressure in CKD associated pruritus: An interventional study

Background:Chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated pruritus (CKD-aP) contributes to poor quality of life, including reduced sleep quality and poor sleep quality is a source of patient stress and is linked to lower health-related quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of zolpidem 10 mg and acupressure therapy on foot acupoints to improve the sleep quality and overall quality of life among hemodialysis patients suffering from CKD-aP.Method:A multicenter, prospective, randomized, parallel-design, open label interventional study to estimate the effectiveness of zolpidem (10 mg) oral tablets versus acupressure on sleep quality and quality of life in patients with CKD-aP on hemodialysis. A total of 58 hemodialysis patients having sleep disturbance due to CKD-aP completed the entire 8-week follow-up. The patients were divided into a control (acupressure) group of 28 patients and an intervention (zolpidem) group of 30 patients.Results:A total of 58 patients having CKD-aP and sleep disturbance were recruited. In the control group there was a reduction in the PSQI score with a mean ± SD from 12.28 ± 3.59 to 9.25 ± 3.99, while in the intervention group the reduction in PSQI score with a mean ± SD was from 14.73 ± 4.14 to 10.03 ± 4.04 from baseline to endpoint. However, the EQ5D index score and EQ-visual analogue scale (VAS) at baseline for the control group with a mean ± SD was 0.49 ± 0.30 and 50.17 ± 8.65, respectively, while for the intervention group the values were 0.62 ± 0.26 and 47.17 ± 5.82, respectively. The mean EQ5D index score in the control group improved from 0.49 ± 0.30 to 0.53 ± 0.30, but in the intervention group there was no statistical improvement in mean EQ5D index score from 0.62 ± 0.26 to 0.62 ± 0.27 from baseline to week 8. The EQ 5D improved in both groups and the EQ-VAS score was 2.67 points higher at week 8 as compared to baseline in the control group, while in the intervention group the score was 3.33 points higher at week 8 as compared to baseline. Comparing with baseline, the PSQI scores were significantly reduced after week 4 and week 8 (P =  < .001). Furthermore, at the end of the study, the PSQI scores were significantly higher in the control as compared to the intervention group (P = .012).Conclusion:An improvement in sleep quality and quality of life among CKD-aP patients on hemodialysis has been observed in both the control and intervention groups. Zolpidem and acupressure safety profiling showed no severe adverse effect other that drowsiness, nausea and daytime sleeping already reported in literature of zolpidem.     

The history of interventional therapy for liver cancer in China

In China interventional therapy of liver cancer started in the 1980s. It is well-known that Professor Lin Gui is the founding father of Interventional radiology. Under the leadership of Lin Gui and other professors, interventional therapy of liver cancer has swiftly progressed in China. Indeed, TAI, TAE, TACE and ablation therapy have witnessed great innovations in hardware facilities, technical means, and therapeutic philosophy, while incorporating Chinese characteristics. As with the development of combined interventional therapy in China, interventional treatment of liver cancer has gradually started the process of precision and individualization. Actually, multidisciplinary, multimodal, and polymorphic treatments will be the most suitable pattern for liver cancer in the future, among which combination of interventional therapy with targeted, immunological treatments and information technology (IT) tools may bring a revolutionary breakthrough in liver cancer treatment.     

Uterine artery embolization in association with methotrexate infusion for the treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy

Objective To investigate the safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of uterine artery embolization in association with methotrexate (MTX) infusion for the treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy.Methods Fifty-one patients with tubal ectopic pregnancy were referred for interventional management. All patients received super-selective arteriography of the uterine artery, were infused with 50–100 mg methotrexate (MTX) through a catheter, and underwent embolization of the uterine artery with a gel-foam pledge. Clinical presentation, findings of physical examination, β-HCG values, and the size of the ectopic mass were documented for comparison. The concentration of MTX in blood was evaluated at 0.5, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours after the procedure.Results Forty-seven out of the 51 patients had clinical resolution of their tubal pregnancy (92.2%). The average time for the β-HCG value to decrease and come back to normal was 9.16 ± 2.54 days (mean +/− SD). MTX levels in peripheral blood could not be detected for patients who received 50 or 75 mg MTX at 36 hours after the procedure, while the MTX level was 0.01 μmol/L at 48 hours after the procedure for patients who received 100 mg. Out of the 4 cases whose ectopic mass size was ≥5 cm, 3 failed to respond to the treatment; however, those whose ectopic mass size was ≤5 cm responded positively to the treatment, regardless of the β-HCG concentration and abdominal bleeding, except for 1 patient who had to undergo laparoscopy for severe abdominal pain and who showed a reduction in her β-HCG level.Conclusion Uterine artery embolization in association with methotrexate infusion is safe and effective in the treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy, especially for those women with mild to moderate bleeding, or for those at risk of a major hemorrhage. The selection criterion of mass size >5 cm should, therefore, be carefully considered.     

Use of Ultrasound Contrast Agents in Relation to Percutaneous Interventional Procedures: A Systematic Review and Pictorial Essay

The aim of this article is to provide an inventory of the use of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in relation to percutaneous interventional procedures. The article is structured into a systematic literature review followed by a clinical part relating to percutaneous CEUS‐guided procedures. A literature search identified 3109 records. After abstract screening, 55 articles were analyzed and supplemented with pictorial material to explain the techniques. In conclusion, the best‐evidenced indications for CEUS‐guided interventions are biopsy and ablation of inconspicuous or B‐mode–invisible tumors, intraprocedural ablation control and follow‐up, as well as percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and drainage procedures.     

神经介入手术头颅气囊固定枕的设计与临床应用

目的:为解决患者头颅移动给神经介入手术带来的不便,研制一种头颅气囊固定枕.方法:采用透X线、弹性及强度好的海绵和与皮肤相容性好的透X线的布料制作与人体后颅及颈肩相适应的枕座,用抗拉力的密气尼龙布制成的充气球囊进行下颌固定.结果:使用该头颅固定枕进行手术与使用普通头枕固定治疗的手术比较,在成像次数、所受X线剂量、异常情况的发生上均较少,具有显著的优势.结论:该头颅气囊固定枕在神经介入手术中可缩短手术时间,减少辐射剂量,降低手术并发症的发生几率,值得临床推广.     

急性缺血性脑卒中介入取栓治疗的预后及其影响因素

 目的 探讨急性缺血性脑卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)介入取栓治疗的预后及其影响因素。方法 选取2017-01至2019-07在医院神经内科接受介入取栓治疗的106例AIS患者,根据术后3个月患者改良Rankin评分评估预后水平,分为预后良好组和预后不良组,对两组患者各项临床资料进行分析,对比预后的相关因素及危险因素,并对认知功能和预后血清神经相关因子表达水平进行对比。结果 患者年龄大、合并冠心病、术前血清CRP及Hcy高、阻塞血管再通时间较长、术后36 h存在部分再通均为AIS介入治疗预后不良的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05);预后良好组的认知功能、运动功能、语言功能均优于预后不良组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者吞咽功能差异无统计学意义。预后良好组血清神经相关因子表达水平均优于预后不良组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 预后良好AIS患者各项功能与血清神经相关因子表达水平状态均较好,对年龄较大、发病至就诊时间较长、合并冠心病,且术前血清CRP、Hcy、NIHSS评分偏高,阻塞血管再通时间较长及术后36 h内仅达到部分再通的患者应给予充分重视,对危险因素积极预防,提高预后水平。     

Reliable atrial septostomy by stenting of the atrial septum.

The aim of this report was to describe our experience with creating an interatrial communication by stenting the interatrial septum. In many forms of congenital heart disease, the presence of an appropriate interatrial shunt is critical. After the first several weeks of life, balloon atrial septostomy is not effective, and success with other methods is limited. Clinical records, echocardiograms, and catheterization data in patients who had an atrial septal stent placed between 2001 and 2004 at UCLA were reviewed. Changes in atrial pressures and systemic saturations were analyzed. Follow-up data and explant pathology were reviewed as available. Thirteen patients had stenting of the atrial septum (four restrictive, nine nonrestrictive). In patients with elevated right and left atrial pressures, there was a mean reduction of 2.4 and 7.4 mm Hg in right atrial and left atrial pressures, respectively. In patients with transposition physiology, there was a mean increase in oxygen saturation of 11.3%. Follow-up echocardiograms revealed patent stents with excellent position relative to the atrial septum. In six cases, the stents were removed during subsequent surgery and appeared endothelialized and patent. Stenting of the atrial septum is safe and effective in selected cases, allowing for a reliable, long-lasting, restrictive or nonrestrictive interatrial communication.     

高龄和年轻冠心病患者冠状动脉介入治疗临床对比分析

目的探讨高龄和年轻冠心病患者冠状动脉介入治疗效果。方法选择在我科行冠状动脉介入治疗的冠心病患者320例,根据年龄分为年轻组(146例)、高龄组(62例)和对照组(112例),分析各组患者临床特点、病变特点及介入治疗效果。结果以急性心肌梗死起病的患者在年轻组、高龄组和对照组分别占45.2%,17.7%和23.2%(P=0.000);以心绞痛起病的患者中1周内发生心肌梗死的患者分别占47.2%、14.3%和40.0%(P=0.018);非ST段抬高心肌梗死的发生率分别为1.9%、10.5%和1.9%(P=0.000);高血压患者在3组中分别占40.4%、67.7%和56.3%(P=0.001);吸烟患者分别占71.2%、22.6%和55.4%(P=0.000);肾功能不全患者分别占1.4%、16.1%和2.7%(P=0.000);住院病死率分别占0、6.5%和0.9%(P=0.003)。结论年轻患者多以急性心肌梗死起病;高龄患者病变复杂,合并多系统疾病多,严重并发症发生率偏高。