Comparison of thermosensitivity in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area and the midbrain of the rabbit

Summary To characterize the role of the midbrain temperature-sensitive structure in thermoregulation, the relative importance of thermosensitivity in the hypothalamus and the midbrain was studied in terms of heat production and heat loss in the rabbit. It was found that altering the local temperature in the midbrain had no influence at all on heat loss from the ear surface and also on heat production, while cooling and warming of the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area induced appropriate thermoregulatory responses.     

Specific heat of bone

The specific heat of dry bone, as well as decalcified bone, obtained from bovine femur samples are measured as a function of temperature in the range 200 to 390K, using a differential-scanning-calorimetry technique. Special sample pans for volatile materials were used to provide a uniform thermal environment and to eliminate errors due to the evaporation of the moisture contained in the bone samples; the rate of heating was 10 K/min. From measurements of the constant pressure values, and using the Nernst-Lindermann equation, the constant-volume specific heat of both the collage and hydroxyapatite components are evaluated in the given temperature range.     

Differential expression of CD22 (Lyb8) on murine B cells

Previous studies have established the distribution, biochemistryand functional attributes of human CD22, a B cell-restrictedglycoprotein. Recently, molecular cloning of the murine CD22equivalent revealed this molecule to be the same as the previouslydescribed Lyb8 alloantigen. Using the anti-Lyb8 mAb Cy34.1.2,the present report documents the expression patterns of CD22within the murine B cell compartment. The results demonstratethat in the bone marrow, murine CD22 is absent on the surfaceof pro-B cells, pre-B cells and newly emerging lgM⁺ B cells.CD22 is present at a low density on immature IgM^hi B cells andfully expressed on mature recirculating B cells. In the periphery,murine CD22 is expressed at mature levels on all B cell subsetsincluding follicular, marginal zone, B1 and switched B cells.Further studies showed CD22 to be retained on activated murineB cells for extended periods. Finally, in combination with CD23and heat stable antigen, CD22 can be used to delineate the immaturesplenic B cells, and distinguish them from follicular and marginalzone cells. Together, the results demonstrate murine CD22 tobe a useful pan marker for all mature B cell subsets.     

Artificial adaptation to cold produced by noradrenalin

The state of muscular heat production 2–3 weeks after intravenous injection of noradrenalin was studied during exposure to cold. A single injection of noradrenalin was found to facilitate maintenance of temperature homeostasis for several weeks with a greatly reduced electrical activity of the muscles and before the noradrenalin was given. The phenomenon probably lies at the basis of adaptation of animals to cold.Laboratory of Temperature Regulation, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician V. N. Chernigovskii.) Translated from Byulleten', Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 286–289, March, 1976.     

Effects of luminal stimuli on polyamine metabolism in the small intestine of the rat: the role of enteric nerves

The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent polyamine metabolism in the small intestine of the rat is controlled by the enteric nervous system. Polyamine metabolism was followed by measuring the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and in some instances also the content of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine). ODC activity in the intestine was increased when intraluminal pressure was increased and 3 h after placing cholera toxin in the intestinal lumen. Cholera toxin also increased the tissue putrescine content. Atropine or hexamethonium given i.v. did not influence the evoked changes of ODC activity. The pressure induced changes were not decreased by placing lidocaine on the serosal surface. On the other hand, the ODC activity of control segments were decreased by hexamethonium or atropine. The presence of glucose in the intestinal perfusate did not augment tissue ODC activity, neither did the heat stable enterotoxin from Escherichia coli (STa). It is concluded that the effect on polyamine metabolism evoked by luminal pressure or cholera toxin seems not to be mediated via nerves, while nerves seem to influence ODC activity during control conditions. The experiments with enterotoxins suggest that cAMP is the intracellular second messenger controlling intestinal ODC activity.     

Increase of fetal arterial blood temperature by reduction of umbilical blood flow in chronically instrumented fetal sheep

The effect of reduced umbilical blood flow rate on fetal core temperature was investigated in five chronically instrumented fetal sheep (gestational age 124 days). On average, fetal-maternal temperature difference increased 0.13±0.02 °C when blood flow rate was decreased to about 1/3 of normal (248±69 ml min^–1) for 30 min. The small temperature rise is the consequence of predominant heat dissipation through the placenta, and of diminished oxygen consumption.     

脑室注射促甲状腺素释放激素对电针镇痛及脑内亮氨酸脑啡肽含量的影响

实验用大鼠76只,用辐射热-甩尾法测痛,以电针后痛阈变化的百分率评价镇痛效应;用放射免疫分析法测定脑内L-Enk含量。发现脑室注入三肽-促甲状腺素释放激素(TRH)后,能显著降低电针镇痛效果;提高丘脑内L-Enk含量,但痛阈与脑内L-Enk含量的变化无相关关系。本文证明,TRH在电针镇痛过程中是对抗作用。已知针刺镇痛与脑内多种神经质和肽类有关,在不利于针刺镇痛的因素中,TRH是新添的“一员”。     

50例冠状动脉搭桥术的临床研究

目的：观察冠状动脉搭桥术的临床疗效。方法：选择经内科治疗仍反复心绞痛发作或不适于PTCA等治疗的冠心病人50例,均在体外循环,心脏停跳下行冠状动脉搭桥术,选用的血管桥包括大隐静脉,乳内动脉和桡动脉,共搭145根桥,平均每例2．9支桥,5例同时行室壁瘤切除或成形术。结果：治愈48例,死亡2例,48例长期随访,效果良好,结论：对有冠脉搭桥指征的病人行搭桥手术,疗效安全可靠, 远期效果好。     

温病热瘀证的病机及分期证治探讨

温病热瘀证是指在温病发生发展过程中,既有热毒炽盛又见血行瘀滞的一类急性发热性疾病,是温病学中一个独特证型,即热邪入侵体内,煎熬阴津血液,导致血液粘稠而成瘀血。热邪和瘀血相互交织,热瘀阻于脏腑经络,引起相关脏腑的病变,最终可致热瘀气脱,正气耗竭而死亡,而热毒和血瘀是整个热瘀证病变过程中始终贯穿的基本病理因素。     

肢体缺血/再灌注诱发大鼠心脏血红素氧合酶1的表达(英文)

目的　观察后肢体缺血 /再灌注是否诱发心脏血红素氧合酶 1(HO - 1)的表达。方法　在氨基甲酸乙脂麻醉大鼠行后肢体缺血 /再灌注后 ,测量心脏组织中丙二醛的含量和超氧歧化酶 (SOD)的活性 ;并应用Northern和Western杂交方法分别检测HO - 1mRNA和蛋白的表达情况。结果　在肢体缺血 /再灌注过程中 ,心脏中的丙二醛含量增加 ,而超氧歧化酶的活性降低 ;单纯肢体缺血并不引起心脏血红素氧合酶 1mR NA和蛋白表达的变化 ,但缺血 /再灌注增强心脏血红素氧合酶 1mRNA和蛋白表达。结论　肢体缺血 /再灌注不仅提高心脏中丙二醛的含量 ,降低超氧歧化酶的活性 ;而且上调血红素氧合酶 1在心脏的表达。