两种治疗方法对肝硬化并上消化道出血的效果比较

目的观察两种疗法治疗肝硬化并上消化道出血的疗效。方法实验组68例采用奥曲肽0.1 mg静脉缓注,继而以0.3 mg加入5%葡萄糖500 ml或生理盐水500 ml,按25μg/h持续静脉滴注。对照组70例采用垂体后叶素0.1～0.2 u/min持续静脉滴注。结果实验组有效率89.7%,对照组有效率71.4%,两者对比p<0.01,有显著性差异。不良反应:实验组有3例发生轻微腹痛,发生率约4.4%。对照组有18例出现腹部绞痛、血压升高、头晕、频繁便意感、胸闷、心悸等,发生率约25.7%,两者对比p<0.01,有显著性差异。结论奥曲肽治疗肝硬化并上消化道出血的效果好,且无明显不良反应。     

急诊内镜在上消化道出血诊治中的应用

目的探讨急诊内镜在上消化道出血诊断与治疗中的应用价值。方法对143例上消化道出血的患者进行急诊内镜检查并通过内镜进行治疗。结果143例患者出血原因得到确诊,141例患者经过内镜治疗痊愈,2例无效改为手术治疗。结论急诊内镜是上消化道出血方便、易行、安全的诊治方法。     

Factors influencing insulin secretion after pancreatoduodenectomy

Preoperative patients with periampullary cancer had a higher mean Σ IRI value than that of normal controls, and also had a delayed pattern of insulin response and a lower insulinogenic index during oral-GTT. Σ IRI levels after pancreatoduodenectomy were similar to those of normal controls when the pancreatic remnants were histologically intact at the time of surgery. Postoperative Σ IRI levels could not be predicted based on the extent of histological fibrosis of the distal pancreas at the time of surgery. Patency of pancreatojejunostomy was obtained with the modified Warren's method in 39 out of 40 patients, and Σ IRI levels were maintained up to 5 years postoperatively. No significant difference was found in Σ IRI levels between pancreatoduodenectomised patients with the conventional Roux-en-Y procedure and those with the inverted Roux-en-Y with jejunal interposition. The mean insulin peak value and Σ IRI level were higher in pancreatoduodenectomised patients than in normal controls, and higher in gastrectomised patients than in pancreatoduodenectomised patients. Pancreatoduodenectomy with superior mesenteric arterial dissection resulted in remarkably low Σ IRI levels.     

Fonctions sexuelles après traitement du cancer rectal : impact des doses aux plexus pelviens autonomes

PurposeProspective evaluation of sexual function after treatment of rectal cancer and identification of predictive factors.Patients and methodsThirty-three patients were treated with curative intent by chemoradiation and surgery for localized rectal adenocarcinoma. Sexual toxicity was assessed four times (before treatment and at 2, 6 and 12 months) using validated questionnaires: QLQ C30 and EORTC CR38 for all, simplified IIEF for men and FSFI for women. A correlation was sought between the toxicity and clinical and dosimetric parameters by Fisher and Mann-Whitney tests.ResultsIn men, erections and sexual satisfaction decreased significantly from the acute phase and then stabilized (respective scores of 84.5 and 86/100 in the initial phase, 66 and 70.4 at the end of radiotherapy, 70 and 70 at 6 months and 68.5 and 70 at 12 months). For women, the changes were not significant. This study confirms some risk factors for sexual toxicity already mentioned (original function, age, tumor volume) and highlights new (dose to the seminal vesicles and above all, doses to pelvic autonomic plexus).ConclusionSexual effects of combined treatment of rectal cancer have only recently been described but remain undervalued and poorly understood. The impact of the autonomic pelvic plexus doses is a completely new data that could be extended in the development of intensity-modulated radiotherapy.     

数字化成像快速胃肠造影的临床应用

目的：探讨数字化成像快速胃肠造影的临床应用价值。方法：采用SIEMENS Polystar 1000mA型多功能数字成像X线机与Kodak 1120型激光照像机连接，随机对140例患者进行快速胃肠道造影检查，并观察其应用效果。结果：140例检查阳性率占56％。所见食管、胃、小肠及右半结肠的轮廓、粘膜、分布及其功能改变均清楚显示，检查时间比常规方法缩短6～8倍。结论：数字化成像快速胃肠造影具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Concomitant Congenital Intraoral Dermoid Cyst and Heterotopic Gastrointestinal Cyst

Sublingual dermoid cysts and oral heterotopic gastrointestinal cysts are well-documented causes of sublingual swellings in infants. However, the simultaneous occurrence of both cysts is an extremely rare phenomenon, with only two previous cases reported in literature. We present a case of 1-month-old neonate with a cystic ventral tongue mass that on histologic examination showed a dermoid cyst with co-existing heterotopic gastric-type epithelium in the wall. Additional histochemical stains revealed focal areas of colonic metaplasia within the heterotopic gastric epithelium. CDX2 immunohistochemical staining confirmed derivation from colonic epithelium.     

Advances in transfusion medicine: gastrointestinal bleeding

Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common medical and surgical emergency and is the second most common indication for red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in the UK. Most transfusion guidelines recommend the use of restrictive blood transfusion in stable gastrointestinal bleeding. This review explores the evidence supporting this practice, including whether it is safe in lower as well as upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and the risks of restrictive transfusion in patients with cardiovascular disease. There is a lack of evidence supporting the use of platelet and fresh frozen plasma transfusion in gastrointestinal bleeding. The aim of this review is to serve as a practical guide to transfusion in stable gastrointestinal bleeding.     

Novel compound FLZ alleviates rotenone-induced PD mouse model by suppressing TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway through microbiota–gut–brain axis

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, but none of the current treatments for PD can halt the progress of the disease due to the limited understanding of the pathogenesis. In PD development, the communication between the brain and the gastrointestinal system influenced by gut microbiota is known as microbiota–gut–brain axis. However, the explicit mechanisms of microbiota dysbiosis in PD development have not been well elucidated yet. FLZ, a novel squamosamide derivative, has been proved to be effective in many PD models and is undergoing the phase I clinical trial to treat PD in China. Moreover, our previous pharmacokinetic study revealed that gut microbiota could regulate the absorption of FLZ in vivo. The aims of our study were to assess the protective effects of FLZ treatment on PD and to further explore the underlying microbiota-related mechanisms of PD by using FLZ as a tool. In the current study, chronic oral administration of rotenone was utilized to induce a mouse model to mimic the pathological process of PD. Here we revealed that FLZ treatment alleviated gastrointestinal dysfunctions, motor symptoms, and dopaminergic neuron death in rotenone-challenged mice. 16S rRNA sequencing found that PD-related microbiota alterations induced by rotenone were reversed by FLZ treatment. Remarkably, FLZ administration attenuated intestinal inflammation and gut barrier destruction, which subsequently inhibited systemic inflammation. Eventually, FLZ treatment restored blood–brain barrier structure and suppressed neuroinflammation by inhibiting the activation of astrocytes and microglia in the substantia nigra (SN). Further mechanistic research demonstrated that FLZ treatment suppressed the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway both in the SN and colon. Collectively, FLZ treatment ameliorates microbiota dysbiosis to protect the PD model via inhibiting TLR4 pathway, which contributes to one of the underlying mechanisms beneath its neuroprotective effects. Our research also supports the importance of microbiota–gut–brain axis in PD pathogenesis, suggesting its potential role as a novel therapeutic target for PD treatment.     

Primary gastrointestinal aspergillosis after autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation: an unusual presentation of invasive aspergillosis

Abstract: Primary gastrointestinal invasive aspergillosis is an unusual presentation in patients with malignancies undergoing chemotherapy. Visceral organ involvement with Aspergillus sp. most often occurs in the setting of disseminated infection. We report a case of a patient diagnosed with Wilms' tumor who developed primary gastrointestinal aspergillosis after autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation. He had no evidence of pulmonary, sinus, or central nervous system infection. The patient died of septic shock after emergency surgery.     

药物相关基因指导下的胃肠道肿瘤个体化疗

药物相关基因指导下的个体化疗是肿瘤化疗最引人瞩目的发展方向。本文主要介绍最近5年来国外5-氟尿嘧啶、铂类及羟基喜树碱类代谢相关基因及其与胃癌、大肠癌化疗效果的相关性，旨在为消化道肿瘤个体化疗提高疗效、减少毒副作用提供帮助。