Comparison of ultrathin bronchoscopy with conventional bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions without virtual bronchial navigation

BackgroundFor the precise management of advanced lung cancers, bronchoscopy with a high diagnostic yield and abundant tumor specimens are required. In recent years, new devices and techniques have been rapidly developed, including the endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) using a guide sheath, virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN), and ultra-thin bronchoscope (UTB), for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs). These techniques increase the diagnostic yield for PPL, thus requiring fewer biopsy specimens.VBN is generally not available at the city hospitals in Japan. In this study, using fluoroscopy without VBN, we studied whether the histologic diagnostic yield of radial EBUS for PPLs would be higher using a UTB (without guide sheath) or conventional bronchoscope (CB) (with guide sheath).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with suspected lung cancer who underwent bronchoscopy at the Hakodate Goryoukaku Hospital from April 2017 to March 2019. We analyzed 168 patients—102 using UTB and 66 using CB.ResultsThe diagnostic yields for PPL were significantly higher in the UTB group than in the CB group (74.5% vs. 59.1%; P = 0.04). The median examination time was significantly longer in the UTB group than in the CB group (24 vs. 20 min; P = 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in the complication rate between the UTB and CB groups (3.9% vs. 3.0%; P = 0.69).ConclusionsUTB had a significantly higher tissue diagnostic yield than CB, without the use of VBN.     

纤维支气管镜和视频喉镜气管插管用于全身麻醉甲状腺手术的临床研究

目的研究接受全身麻醉甲状腺手术的患者使用光导纤维支气管镜（fiberoptic bronchoscope,FOB)和GlideScope视频喉镜（GlideScope video laryngo scope,GSVL）经口气管插管的血流动力学反应及其并发症。方法拟行经口气管插管全身麻醉甲状腺手术患者80例,美国麻醉医师协会Ⅰ~Ⅲ级,年龄23~70岁,随机分为FOB组和GSVL组,每组40例。常规麻醉诱导后,分别采用FOB或者GSVL实施经口气管插管,记录麻醉诱导前(基础值)、气管插管前、气管插管即刻以及气管插管后1、2、3、5、10 min时的血压和心率。观察患者气管插管的血流动力学变化及其并发症。结果2组患者血流动力学指标变化差异无统计学意义,但与GSVL组相比,FOB组患者气管插管1次成功率高、插管时间短、术后并发症发生率低。结论FOB与GSVL均可减轻气管插管的血流动力学反应。与GSVL相比,FOB在提高气管插管成功率及减少其相关并发症方面具有优势。     

纤维支气管镜肺活检在尘肺诊断中的价值

目的探讨经纤维支气管镜肺活检在尘肺诊断中的价值。方法对2008年1月至2010年6月有粉尘接触者共171例接受纤维支气管镜肺活检(TBLB)、支气管肺泡灌洗(BAL)、支气管刷检,对细菌学、细胞学及病理学检查结果,并结合职业卫生、临床、影像学检查等进行了回顾性分析。结果本组171例受检者中169例获得了合格肺组织标本,其中166例有肺间质纤维化改变(139例检查出成纤维细胞增生,99例胶原纤维形成),120例有粉尘沉着,40例偏光镜检查阳性,48例普鲁士蓝铁染色阳性。结合职业健康监护、临床、影像学等资料综合分析后,对照尘肺病诊断标准片确诊各类职业性尘肺病162例,无尘肺7例。结论经纤维支气管镜肺活检在尘肺病的诊断及鉴别诊断中有较高的应用价值。     

Tracheal intubation through the intubating laryngeal mask in a patient with a fixed flexed neck and deviated larynx

Insertion of the conventional laryngeal mask is more difficult or impossible when the patient's head and neck are in either the neutral or flexed position. The intubating laryngeal mask is best inserted when the patient's head is supported by a pillow, without placing the head and neck into the Magill position; therefore, insertion of this modified mask may be less difficult than the conventional mask in the patient with a flexed neck. We report a case of successful insertion of the intubating laryngeal mask and subsequent tracheal intubation through the mask using a fibre-optic bronchoscope, in a patient with a flexed neck in whom tracheal intubation using several methods had been difficult previously.     

肺梭形细胞癌1例报告及文献复习

探讨肺梭形细胞癌（SpCC）患者的临床特征、诊断过程和治疗方法,旨在提高临床医生对该病的认识。     

经纤维支气管镜氩等离子体凝固治疗气道狭窄

目的:评价经纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)氩等离子体凝固(argen plasma coagulation,APC)治疗在气道狭窄中的应用价值.方法:应用ERBE 300型APC治疗器经纤支镜对18例气道狭窄患者进行治疗,包括10例支气管肺鳞癌,5例支气管结核,1例肺胚母细胞癌,1例支气管囊腺癌和1例支气管淀粉样变;其中4例为气管或支气管支架置入后再狭窄.从狭窄再通疗效和气促评分情况进行评价.结果:18例患者进行了26次APC治疗(12例1次,4例2次,2例3次).完全有效8例(44.4%),部分有效5例(27.8%),轻度有效4例(22.2%),无效1例(5.6%).4例气管或支气管支架置入后再狭窄患者治疗均为完全有效,且APC对镍钛记忆合金支架无损伤.结论: 经纤支镜APC治疗气道狭窄是安全有效的.     

Juvenile ossifying fibroma diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology: A diagnostic challenge

Preoperative diagnosis of jaw lesions is not always possible on the basis of clinico‐radiological findings alone and needs to be confirmed before attempting any surgical intervention. Fibro‐osseous lesions of the jaw comprise a spectrum of diseases which include cement‐osseous dysplasia, fibrous dysplasia, and ossifying fibroma. The cytomorphological distinction between these individual entities is difficult. We present a case of maxillary fibro‐osseous lesion in an adolescent girl diagnosed and categorized as juvenile ossifying fibroma preoperatively on cytology and confirmed on histopathology. Although aspirates are usually paucicellular in fibro‐osseous lesions, certain cytological features if present in cellular cytosmears can offer further categorization and a definitive diagnosis may be possible in light of clinico‐radiological correlation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:75–79. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

纤维支气管镜在小儿难治性肺炎诊治中的价值

目的评价纤维支气管镜和支气管肺泡灌洗术在小儿难治性肺炎诊治中的作用。方法对常规抗感染治疗超过2周仍无效的54例难治性肺炎患儿进行纤维支气管镜检查,对其中41例进行支气管肺泡灌洗,灌洗液作细胞学检查和细菌定量培养。结果镜检结果示单纯炎症病变27例(50%),异物吸入12例(22%),支气管肺发育异常5例(9%),肺部出血性疾病4例(7%),气管支气管软化3例(6%),支气管内膜结核2例(4%),Kartagener综合征1例(2%)。难治性肺炎患儿中3岁以内婴幼儿多见,为38例(70%)。41例行支气管肺泡灌洗者的灌洗液细胞数中位数515×109/L[(55～3900)×109/L];中性粒细胞比例中位数63%(0～98%),其中27例(66%)>25%。27例单纯炎症与14例伴其他病变(异物、支气管肺发育异常和出血性病变)患儿灌洗液的细胞数和中性粒细胞比例差异无统计学意义。灌洗液致病菌培养阳性者中性粒细胞比例高于寄生菌阳性者(P<0.05)。细菌培养阳性15例(37%),定量培养菌落≥104cfu/ml9株(≥105cfu/ml仅1株)。吞噬细菌中性粒细胞阳性2例。3例经纤支镜行支气管黏膜活检,其中支气管内膜结核2例,Kartagener综合征1例。结论纤支镜检查和支气管肺泡灌洗术是小儿难治性呼吸系统疾病诊断的一种非常有效的措施。镜检、灌洗液细胞学检查、细菌定量培养以及活检病理检查相结合可提高诊断的正确性。在小儿难治性肺炎中,灌洗液培养以细菌生长≥104cfu/ml为界,作为致病菌,而呼吸机相关肺炎(VAP)时,≥103cfu/ml也应考虑为致病菌。     

1271例支气管结核临床特征和纤支镜检查结果的分析

目的 分析1271例支气管结核的临床发病特征和纤支镜检查结果,加强对支气管结核的认识,提高其诊断的准确性.方法 总结并分析经纤维支气管镜发现的1 271例支气管结核病例的临床特征和检查结果.结果 1271例病例中,女性病例多于男性(1.19∶1),20～29岁年龄段女性多于男性(1.77∶1),老年病例男性多于女性(2.04∶1).镜下观:右上支气管结核最多(397例,31.24％),其次是左上支气管结核(304例,23.92％),左主支气管结核(171例,13.45％)多于右主支气管(72例,5.66％),结核所致左主支气管狭窄(50例,39.68％)多于右主支气管(12例,9.52％),混合型(Ⅱ+Ⅲ)支气管结核最多,Ⅰ和Ⅳ型支气管结核相对较少,支气管结核引起肺不张右侧(111例,58.12％)多于左侧(81例,42.41％),以右上肺为最多(75例,39.27％),其次为左上肺(32例,16.75％),但全肺不张左侧多于右侧(23∶2).结论 支气管结核的发病女性多于男性,年青女性明显多于男性,老年男性明显多于女性.支气管结核对支气管和肺的损伤大,支气管各部位的结核发病状况和损伤程度与其解剖结构的特殊性有一定的相关性.纤维支气管镜检查(直视和标本的获取)是诊断支气管结核的最好方法之一.