纤维支气管镜下支气管结核冷冻疗法对肉芽增殖型支气管结核的疗效与安全性

目的 研究纤维支气管镜下支气管结核冷冻疗法对肉芽增殖型支气管结核的疗效与安全性.方法 选取扬州市第三人民医院2015年6月至2019年5月收治的肉芽增殖型支气管结核患者60例,根据治疗方案不同分为两组:对照组(n=30)给予常规规范抗结核治疗,观察组(n=30)在对照组基础上给予纤维支气管镜下冷冻治疗.观察两组治疗4周...     

气管切开后拔管困难原因分析及处理

目的探讨可弯曲支气管镜(纤维支气管镜/电子支气管镜,简称支气管镜)在气管切开术后拔管困难诊治中的意义。方法回顾性分析17例经可弯曲支气管镜检查确诊和治疗的气管切开术后拔管困难患者的临床资料。结果 17例拔管困难患者,除1例脑外伤气管上端瘢痕挛缩伴闭锁拔管失败外;其余16例患者均成功拔管,拔管成功率94.1%。除1例患者出现支架移位、1例患者拔管后出现呼吸困难外,余无不良事件发生,无致死性并发症发生。结论可弯曲支气管镜在气管切开术后拔管困难患者诊治中起着重要作用,且安全可靠,值得临床推广。     

继发于肺癌的侵袭性气管支气管曲霉病临床分析（附8例报告）

目的探讨侵袭性气管支气管曲霉病(ITBA)的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2016年11月-2018年11月苏州大学附属第一医院呼吸与危重症医学科经病理确诊的8例继发于肺癌的ITBA患者的临床资料,包括病因、临床表现、胸部CT表现、气管镜下表现、感染部位、血清和灌洗液半乳甘露聚糖(galactomannan,GM)试验、治疗过程和预后。结果①8例ITBA患者均接受过全身化疗,7例接受过放疗(包括后装放疗及I125粒子植入),2例行气道内支架置入;②ITBA主要症状:咳嗽咳痰8例(100.0%)、胸闷5例(62.5%)、痰中带血2例(25.0%),发热1例(12.5%);胸部CT表现:无明显变化4例(50.0%)、病变部位气管壁增厚或管腔狭窄2例(25.0%)、阻塞性肺不张2例(25.0%);气管镜下表现:伪膜型3例(37.5%)、阻塞型2例(25.0%)、溃疡型3例(37.5%);GM试验:血清GM试验阳性率为28.6%(2/7),平均值(0.37±0.21);灌洗液GM试验阳性率为100.0%(7/7),平均值(4.27±2.14),灌洗液GM试验阳性率和平均值均高于血清(2=7.78,P=0.005;t=4.79,P=0.003);③经伏立康唑等抗曲霉菌治疗后,1例痊愈,7例死亡,总生存时间为(4.07±3.31)个月。结论①肺癌、化疗、放疗、气道支架置入均可能成为ITBA的高危因素;②ITBA临床及影像学表现缺乏特异性、诊断困难、预后差,纤维支气管镜在ITBA的诊断及治疗过程中仍具有不可替代的作用;③灌洗液GM试验在诊断ITBA方面较血清具有更高的敏感性,值得进一步研究。     

电子支气管镜诊断肺不张的临床研究

目的 探讨电子支气管镜(EBS)在肺不张诊断中的作用.方法对经EBS确诊的105例肺不张患者进行分析总结.结果 肺不张病因以肺癌最常见,其次是炎症、结核;上肺肺不张以肺癌及结核多见,下肺肺不张以炎症居多;青年组以炎症最多见,中年组及老年组以肺癌较多;肺癌患者镜下表现以管腔新生物多见,炎症以管腔狭窄、充血水肿多见,结核以管壁浸润及管腔狭窄、充血水肿多见.结论 EBS检查在肺不张患者病因诊断中具有重要意义,为肺不张确定病因,明确诊断提供了重要的依据.     

Fiberoptic techniques

Fiberoptic intubation of the spontaneously breathing patient is the gold standard and technique of choice for the elective management of a difficult airway. In the hands of the properly trained and experienced user, it is also an excellent 'plan B' alternative when direct laryngoscopy unexpectedly fails. Fiberscope-assisted intubation through an endoscopy face mask, laryngeal mask airway or intubating laryngeal mask airway secures ventilation and oxygenation, and permits endotracheal intubation in airway emergency situations. Portable fiberscopes can be used in remote settings, increasing patient safety. This review discusses current fiberoptic intubation techniques and their applications in the management of both the anticipated and unanticipated difficult airway.     

Use of the flexible bronchoscope and Infrared Red Intubation System in a known difficult airway in the intensive care unit

This case report describes a patient in the ICU in need of urgent intubation, for whom video laryngoscope‐guided intubation had previously failed. The Infrared Red Intubation System (IRRIS) may enhance the chance of successful flexible bronchoscope intubation, especially when performed by non‐expert anesthesiologists.     

儿童喉、气管异物的诊治分析

目的探讨儿童喉、气管异物的临床特点及诊治手段。方法分析2001年1月到2005年6月间经硬质气管镜或纤维支气管镜确诊的87例喉、气管异物患儿的临床特点、影像学改变、并发症、异物取除方法。结果气管、喉异物占同期呼吸道异物的10.7%(87813),1～3岁组占73.6%。93.1%有异物吸入史,喘鸣占67.8%、吸气性凹陷40.2%、发绀27.6%、声音嘶哑19.5%、气管拍击音4.6%。6例(6.9%)患儿病情突变,表现发绀、呼吸困难,神志不清。胸片异常30.2%,胸透异常26.5%。硬质气管镜取异物63例并全部取出(100%),其中3例为纤支镜取异物未成功者;纤支镜取异物20例,取出17例(85.0%),两者成功率差异无显著性(P>0.5),但纤支镜取异物耗时不确定,并有5例异物通过鼻后孔时跌落入食道。结论儿童喉、气管异物典型症状不多见,异物吸入史为敏感指标;胸片、胸透异常率低,应及时作纤支镜检查,取除喉、气管异物首选硬质气管镜。     

Assessment and management of the predicted difficult airway in babies and children

Although it is essential to take a history and examine every child prior to airway management, preoperative anticipation of a difficult airway is not totally reliable and therefore it is wise to be prepared for the unexpected difficult airway. Information about the airway can be gained from previous medical records, current history, physical examination and other tests. A natural consequence of airway assessment is development of an airway plan. Important anatomical and physiological features may be identified in an airway assessment which can then have a direct influence on the subsequent airway plan. Managing the predicted difficult airway is usually elective. This allows proper preparation of equipment, assistants, expertise and the environment required for the airway plan. This article will discuss paediatric airway assessment, outline those features that contribute to airway difficulty, and identify indications and risk factors associated with various airway techniques. Key objectives for an airway management plan are to maintain oxygenation and avoid trauma. This involves adopting techniques that avoid hypoxia and provide a high success rate with minimum attempts.     

电子支气管镜灌洗治疗支原体肺炎伴肺不张患儿的临床效果

目的对支原体肺炎(MPP)伴有肺不张患儿实行电子支气管镜灌洗治疗,观察其临床疗效。方法以某院2018年3月至2019年9月收治的120例MPP伴有肺不张患儿为研究对象,按照随机数表法将其分为对照组与观察组,对照组行常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上行电子支气管镜灌洗治疗,比较两组治疗第3天、1周后治疗转归情况。结果观察组治疗第3天肺复张有效率为93.3%,对照组为25.0%,观察组明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。治疗1周后,观察组总有效率为98.3%,对照组为61.7%,观察组明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论采用电子支气管镜灌洗治疗支原体肺炎伴肺不张患儿,可准确观察其病情状态,促进肺复张。     

基于CT图像的气管支气管异物性质分析

目的探讨CT图像在气管支气管异物性质鉴别中的价值。方法收集2014年8月~2019年4月诊断为气管支气管异物的患者69例,并将其根据异物种类分为花生组（n=36）与非花生组（n=33）。花生组男25例,女11例;非花生组男21例,女12例。分析两组间在临床（异物呛咳史、年龄、性别及居住地）,纤维支气管镜下（异物部位、肉芽形成）,胸部CT图像上（异物CT值、异物边界清晰度、支气管闭塞、异物长径、异物宽径、肺气肿、支气管狭窄、肺炎、纵隔偏移、纵隔气肿、肺不张及支气管扩张）的特征差异。结果花生组的异物呛咳史较非花生组多见,两组间的异物呛咳史差异有统计学意义（P=0.044）;两组年龄、性别、居住地差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;纤维支气管镜下,两组间的异物部位（P=0.361）和肉芽形成（P=0.543）差异均无统计学意义;胸部CT图像下,花生组CT值较非花生组低（P < 0.001）,异物边界更模糊（P=0.005）,支气管闭塞（P < 0.001）更多见,其余CT图像上的特征差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论结合临床异物呛咳史,胸部CT图像可鉴别气管支气管异物的性质。