低压状态下猪鼾症模型的建立及其CT研究

目的探讨低压环境对动物上气道软组织形态学的影响。方法将试验猪置于一个低压环境饲养6个月建立猪的鼾症模型,当出现类似鼾症临床症状和鼾症相似的咽腔压力波形时,再进行CT扫描影像学检查。并与正常状态饲养的对照组进行对比。结果模型猪咽后壁及软腭明显增厚,分别为(0.94±0.16)cm和(1.06±0.23)cm;对照组分别为(0.60±0.11)cm和(0.59±0.13)cm。模型猪的气管截面积在在前、中、后部分别为(1.49±0.12)cm2、(1.37±0.32)cm2和(1.00±0.21)cm2,其中以悬雍垂水平(后部)最为狭窄;对照组前、中、后部分别为(1.30±0.14)cm2、(1.57±0.32)cm2和(2.48±0.42)cm2。结论低压状态是鼾症的重要的致病因素之一,低压状态可建立鼾症的动物模型。     

冰片开放血-脑脊液屏障对实验性细菌性脑膜炎治疗影响的研究

目的 探讨冰片开放血-脑脊液屏障（BCB）对实验性细菌性脑膜炎治疗的影响。方法 采用日本大耳白兔作为实验动物，随机分为对照组、冰片组和脑膜炎组。经枕大池注入肺炎球菌悬液建立脑膜炎模型，以冰片作为开放BCB的制剂。以连续静脉注射丙戊酸钠后不同时间点的脑脊液中丙戊酸钠浓度变化作为判断BCB通透性的指标；硝酸镧示踪法观察脑组织表现作为BCB通透性的形态指标。给予脑膜炎动物头孢吡肟或冰片＋头孢吡肟治疗，记录动物存亡情况；取脑脊液（CSF）进行细胞计数及生化检查。取脑组织作常规病理染色，以观察冰片开放BCB对实验性细菌性脑膜炎治疗的影响。结果 给药后对照组CSF中丙戊酸钠浓度基本保持稳定，冰片组CSF中丙戊酸钠浓度于给药后0．5h时即高于对照组并逐渐上升，至6h时达高峰，然后开始下降，14h时浓度仍高于对照组。脑组织超微结构显示，对照组无硝酸镧颗粒通过BCB，脑膜炎组硝酸镧颗粒分布于毛细血管基底膜外，冰片组弥漫性分布于神经细胞间隙和轴突周围。给予头孢吡肟治疗后，脑膜炎＋冰片组动物存活率（9／12，75％）明显高于脑膜炎组（6／18，66．7％）（P〈0．05），但两组间CSF细胞数及蛋白、葡萄糖水平差异无统计学意义。近皮层脑组织HE染色显示，脑膜炎组可见脑组织大量炎症细胞渗出和软化坏死灶,血管“套袖”现象明显，而脑膜炎＋冰片组脑组织内炎症细胞渗出较少，无血管“套袖”现象，无明显坏死软化灶。结论 冰片确实能明显增加BCB的通透性并具有可逆性特点，抗生素联合冰片能改善实验性细菌性脑膜炎治疗效果，为细菌性脑膜炎的治疗提供了新的思路。     

白介素-12家族与实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎的研究进展

实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)是自身反应性CD4+T细胞,即辅助性T细胞(Th细胞)介导的自身免疫性中枢神经系统脱髓鞘性炎症,在EAE的发病中,Th细胞分泌的细胞因子起了重要的调节作用。白介素-12(IL-12)家族由IL-12和最近发现的白介素-23(IL-23)、白介素-27(IL-27)组成,是一类结构相似、具有共价结合的杂化双链的细胞因子,在细胞免疫尤其是Th1型炎症反应中,起重要的调节作用。本文综合论述了IL-12家族各成员与EAE的关系的研究,揭示了各因子在EAE发生发展中的作用。     

脊髓损伤后中枢性疼痛的实验模型和机制研究进展

中枢性疼痛(central pain,CP)是脊髓损伤(spi-nal cord injury,SCI)的顽固性合并症,为患者主观上感到损伤平面以下皮肤痛觉消失区一种以自发痛为主的疼痛,发生率为11%~94%,严重者为5%~30%。近年来其发生率逐年增高,使很多患者陷于抑郁、药物成瘾、甚至自杀的悲惨境地。许多疼痛     

复方胰岛素凝胶剂促进大鼠皮肤溃疡愈合的初步研究

目的:研究复方胰岛素凝胶剂对大鼠皮肤溃疡的促愈合作用,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法:18只Wistar大鼠背部各制备4个皮肤溃疡模型,共复制溃疡72个,随机将溃疡分为复方胰岛素凝胶治疗组(A组)、凝胶基质对照组(B组)、空白对照组(C组)。以治疗后不同时间点各组溃疡面积、溃疡愈合速度及组织病理学检查评价修复效果。结果:在伤后头10天内,A组溃疡缩小最明显,愈合速度明显快于B组、C组。伤后14天,A组溃疡基本愈合,皮肤结构完整、上皮化较厚;而B、C组溃疡仍未完全愈合,皮肤结构不完整、上皮化较薄。结论:局部应用复方胰岛素凝胶剂对大鼠皮肤溃疡有促愈合作用。     

Signal-to-noise ratio effects in quantitative cerebral perfusion using dynamic susceptibility contrast agents.

Theoretical and simulation evidence is presented in support of the idea that the optimal manner of determining blood flow from MR perfusion studies is not necessarily obtained by setting experimental conditions to maximize either the arterial input or the measured tissue concentration level for a particular echo time (TE). The noise power in the contrast concentration curve is associated with its peak because of the nonlinear relationship between the contrast concentration and MR signal intensity curves. The optimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), SNR(C), for a particular contrast concentration curve can be obtained when the experimental concentration level and TE are adjusted to produce an MR intensity curve whose signal loss is 63% of the precontrast MR signal intensity. It is demonstrated that the stability of the singular valued decomposition (SVD) deconvolution approach to determine blood flow parameters is increased when the tissue curve maximum signal loss is in the range of 40-80%. The accuracy and stability of the SVD-determined blood flow parameters are affected by deviations from these optimum conditions in a manner that depends on the mean transit time (MTT) associated with the residue function. It is recommended that the experimental TE value be set so that neither the tissue nor the arterial curves are placed a region of rapidly deteriorating SNR(C).     

煤焦沥青诱发大鼠肺癌的实验研究——Ⅱ.形态学观察

本文对煤焦沥青诱发大鼠肺癌过程中的病理形态学所见作了报道。整个过程可以分为三个阶段:1.异物反应阶段;2.异常增生和鳞状化生阶段;3.癌肿发生发展阶段。文中对每一个阶段的病理组织学改变做了详细描述。煤焦沥青诱发的大鼠肺癌的特征如下:1.癌肿全都发生在肺的周边部位;2.绝大多数癌肿的组织类型都是高分化鳞状细胞癌;3.多发性,数个至数十个大小不等的肿块布满全肺;4.癌变各个不同阶段的改变可在同一肺脏中出现;5.转移癌较少见。     

Experimental study of the role of the local infectious focus in development ofPseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia

Department of Pathological Anatomy, Clinical-Biological Laboratory, and Laboratory of Immunology, Bacteriology, and Clinical Pharmacology, A. V. Vishnevskii Institute of Surgery, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR D. S. Sarkisov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 111, No. 3, pp. 285–287, March, 1991.     

Gadoteridol dose dependence in MR imaging of a liver abscess model

A necrotic liver abscess model was studied with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 1.5 T before and after intravenous administration of gadoteridol at doses of 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mmol/kg in 24 rabbits. Enhancement characteristics and lesion delineation were assessed with both breath-hold and non-breath-hold imaging techniques. Lesion delineation, as assessed both by signal intensity measurements and evaluations by two image readers blinded to imaging technique, was greatest on high-dose (0.5 mmol/kg) breath-hold images. Lesion rim enhancement was seen consistently only on postcontrast images obtained at a dose of 0.5 mmol/kg and progressed with time after injection of contrast material.     

Use of superparamagnetic contrast media to suppress signal from flowing spins: Preliminary experience

The authors describe their preliminary experience with the use of superparamagnetic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast media for suppression of signal from flowing blood. The goal of this work was to determine if a superparamagnetic contrast agent could successfully eliminate blood signal during cardiac-gated MR imaging, thereby eliminating or reducing flow artifacts associated with the complex and variable hemodynamics within the heart chambers. Imaging and data analysis were performed in 17 dogs subjected to experimental myocardial infarction as part of a parallel project. Six doses (0.2, 1, 2, 3.5, 4, 5, and 10 mg/kg) of AMI-25, an experimental contrast agent, were used in the study. Spin-echo imaging was performed immediately before and every 5 minutes (for an average of 25 minutes) after bolus injection of the contrast agent. Variations in the image signal-to-noise ratio relative to a baseline (before injection of contrast agent) image were assessed as a function of dose and time. Preliminary results suggest that a considerable reduction in blood flow artifacts and, hence, increases in image signal-tonoise ratio can be achieved at doses greater than or equal to 3.5 mg/kg, for approximately 20 minutes after injection. Doses equal to or less than 2 mg/kg and images obtained more than 20 minutes after injection (regardless of dose) did not reliably show hemodynamic artifact suppression.