院前系统救治对重度急性有机磷农药中毒预后的影响

目的探讨口服重度急性有机磷农药中毒(SAOPP)患者服毒至救治时间(无治疗期)的长短与患者预后的关系。方法选择经过院前系统救治后接回医院的174例SAOPP患者作为治疗组,自行前往医院或拒绝院前洗胃者160例为对照组。两组治疗方法为洗胃、应用氯磷定、阿托品及对症治疗等综合措施。统计患者无治疗期的长短与死亡、严重并发症的发生情况;观察症状消失时间、全血乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活力恢复至正常时间、阿托品化时间、阿托品用量、氯磷定用量、纳洛酮用量与住院天数等指标。结果治疗组无治疗期时间为(1.2±0.3)h,而对照组为(2.8±0.5)h,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗组死亡11例(死亡率6.32%),对照组死亡36例(死亡率22.50%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗组呼吸衰竭、心脏损害、脑损害、阿托品中毒、中间综合征、肝损害发生率分别为12.64%、5.75%、8.62%、1.72%、4.60%、5.17%,与对照组(25.63%、13.75%、17.50%、6.25%、7.50%、9.38%)的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);治疗组的中毒症状消失时间、阿托品化时间、AChE恢复至正常时间、阿托品用量、氯磷定用量、纳络酮用量、住院天数各指标均明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论院前系统救治可改善SAOPP患者的预后,值得推广应用。     

中西医结合治疗溃疡病穿孔远期疗效观察

目的：观察中西医结合治疗溃疡病穿孔的远期疗效。方法：采用自拟问卷对126例经中西医结合治疗痊愈出院的胃、十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔患者进行远期疗效随访。结果：良好89例（70．6％），尚好28例（22．2％），不良9例（7．2％），总有效率92．8％。结论：中西医结合治疗溃疡病穿孔远期疗效肯定，但是否坚持服药治疗可直接影响到远期疗效。     

医疗机构在突发公共卫生事件应急反应体系中的地位

结合应对SARS疫情的经验教训和国外的经验,分析了医疗机构在突发公共事件的监测、信息沟通、控制和医疗救治等方面所起的重要作用;提出了尽快制定突发公共卫生事件应急体系建设的整体规划,突发公共卫生事件应急体系建设应和现有的医疗服务体系、疾病预防与控制体系等有机融合,医疗机构应针对自己的实际制定应急反应预案和规范操作程序以及将应对突发公共卫生事件的知识和技术纳入医学继续再教育的范畴等建议.     

Impact of medical practice guidelines on the assessment of patients with acute coronary syndrome without persistent ST segment elevation.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of introducing clinical practice guidelines on acute coronary syndrome without persistent ST segment elevation (ACS) on patient initial assessment. DESIGN: Prospective before-after evaluation over a 3-month period. SETTING: The emergency ward of a tertiary teaching hospital. PATIENTS: All consecutive patients with ACS evaluated in the emergency ward over the two 3-month periods. INTERVENTION: Implementation of the practice guidelines, and the addition of a cardiology consultant to the emergency team. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Diagnosis, electrocardiogram interpretation, and risk stratification after the initial evaluation. RESULTS: The clinical characteristics of the 328 and 364 patients evaluated in the emergency ward for suspicion of ACS before and after guideline implementation were similar. Significantly more patients were classified as suffering from atypical chest pain (39.6% versus 47.0%; P = 0.006) after guideline implementation. Guidelines availability was associated with significantly more formal diagnoses (79.9% versus 92.9%; P < 0.0001) and risk stratification (53.7% versus 65.4%, P < 0.0001) at the end of initial assessment. CONCLUSION: Guidelines implementation, along with availability of a cardiology consultant in the emergency room had a positive impact on initial assessment of patients evaluated for suspicion of ACS. It led to increased confidence in diagnosis and stratification by risk, which are the first steps in initiating effective treatment for this common condition.     

建立农村突发公共卫生事件应急机制的对策

SARS提醒我们，建立农村突发公共卫生事件应急机制是当前迫切需要解决的问题。尽快出台一部完善的《公共卫生法》，把农村突发公共卫生事件处理的相关环节纳入法制轨道；建立健全农村三级医疗卫生服务体系，形成县、乡、村三级应急机制；加大农村公共卫生投入，完善农村公共卫生体系；建立农村公共卫生资源储备制度，为突发事件的应急处理迅速提供必要的支持；加强健康教育宣传力度，探索适合农村社会、农民心理的救助机制。     

Clinical spectrum of acute abdominal pain in Turkish pediatric patients: A prospective study

Abstract Background : The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence, associated symptoms, and clinical outcomes of children with acute abdominal pain who had been admitted to an emergency department. Methods : Children aged between 2 and 16 years who presented to the emergency department of Cerrahpa?a Medical School, Istanbul University between July 2001 and August 2002 with acute abdominal pain were enrolled in this study. A questionnaire was completed each patient admitted to our pediatric emergency unit for acute abdominal pain. Data collected included presenting signs and symptoms, the hospital follow up for all children who returned within 10 days, test results, and telephone follow up. Results : The number of children referred to the emergency department was 7442, with 399 (5.4%) of these having acute abdominal pain. The mean age of the study population was 6.9 ± 3.5 years, and 201 of the patients were male. The five most prevalent diagnoses were: (i) upper respiratory tract infection and/or complicated with otitis media or sinusitis (23.7%); (ii) abdominal pain with uncertain etiology (15.4%); (iii) gastroenteritis (15.4%); (iv) constipation (9.4%); and (v) urinary tract infection (8%). The most common associated symptoms were decreased appetite, fever and emesis. Because of follow‐up deficiency the progress of 28 patients was not obtained. Eighty‐two children were referred to the department of pediatric surgery, but only 17 of 82 (20.7%) required surgical intervention (15 of these 17 for appendicitis). Eleven patients returned within 10 days for re‐evaluation, but the initial diagnosis was not changed. The complaints of 57 patients with uncertain etiology were resolved within 2 days. Conclusions : An acute complaint of abdominal pain was usually attributed to a self‐limited disease. However, the percentage of surgical etiology is not negligible.     

现代院前急救体系的构建

充分分析目前中国的院前急救体系，剖析中国院前急救的现状及需求，构建出具有中山特色的院前急救体系。通过中国经济发达地区中、小城市院前急救体系的构建，完善EMSS体系，着重加强院前急救的救治能力和水平．从而促进了整体急救水平的提高。     

加强高职高专医学生公共卫生和临床医学整合教育的思考

文章讨论了由突发公共卫生事件引发的对构建现代公共卫生和临床医学整合教育模式的反思及其对策措施.透过SARS危机，暴露出我国现行医学教育体制上存在的医防分离的严重性，提示我们应借鉴21世纪医学生培养目标与要求，改革医学教育模式，促进多学科、跨专业的合作，建立以社区为目标、以问题为中心的公共卫生与临床医学整合教育的全新综合化课程体系;积极推广计算机辅助教育（CAI），加强运用现代化教学手段;建设以社区实践为主要内容的公共卫生和临床医学整合教育基地，加强高职高专医学生实践技能的培养，以构建新型高职高专医学人才培养模式，培养防治结合的新型实用型医学人才.     

结合综合性医院门诊就诊特点强化门诊特色管理

目的 通过分析医院2005年门诊病人就医的规律，揭示门急诊工作量的变化规律，指导、加强门诊医疗质量的科学化管理。方法 采用整群抽样调查法，对2005年1月～12月门诊患者就诊资料进行分析。结果 1年中门诊量在前5位的科室依次是儿科、内科、妇产科、五官科、外科；死亡病人数在前5位的系统依次是神经、呼吸、循环、急症、创伤：死亡疾病顺位前5位依次是肺性脑病、脑出血、急性心肌梗死、感染性休克、外伤。结论 医院应加强学科建设，参考疾病谱以确定学科建设和发展方向，建立优质、高效、低耗、快捷的门诊医疗服务体系，强化门诊特色管理，提高医疗服务质量。