胃肠道淋巴瘤并发急性穿孔36例临床病理特征及预后因素分析

目的 探讨胃肠道淋巴瘤并发急性穿孔的临床病理特征及预后影像因素。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2020年12月复旦大学附属中山医院收治的因胃肠道淋巴瘤并发急性穿孔行急诊手术的36例病人的临床资料。分析其临床病理特征、术后死亡情况以及死亡相关风险因素。结果 36例病人中32例（88.9%）为小肠淋巴瘤穿孔。所有病人均为非霍奇金淋巴瘤,且以侵袭性病理类型多见,其中单形性嗜上皮性肠道T细胞淋巴瘤［44.4%（16/36）］和弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤［33.3%（12/36）］为最常见的两种病理亚型。术后共11例病人（30.6%,11/36）发生死亡,其中10例为术后即转入重症监护室（ICU）的病人。在转入ICU的29例重症病人中,发生死亡者术后动脉血乳酸水平（P=0.006）及序贯器官衰竭（SOFA）评分（P=0.016）均高于生存者,而其他指标差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 淋巴瘤引起的消化道急性穿孔多发生于小肠,术后病死率高;较高的SOFA评分及动脉血乳酸水平可能是死亡相关危险因素。     

Complete urethral injury in the penile fracture: a case report and literature review

Penile fracture is described as a traumatic rupture of the tunica albuginea caused by blunt injury to the erect penis. It usually occurs as a single rupture of the tunica albuginea in one of two corpora cavernosa; a rupture with urethral injury is an extremely rare condition. Although its diagnosis is usually clinical, ultrasound plays an important role in confirming diagnosis and identifying the site of the injury. Here, we presented a case of penile fracture with complete urethral injury. A 43-year-old male was admitted to the hospital because of trauma to the genital and dysuria following sexual intercourse. After admission, the patient was diagnosed with double penile fracture and complete urethral injury after the physical and B-ultrasound examinations. Emergency surgery to remove the hematoma and repair the urethra was performed. The patient recovered smoothly and was discharged on the third day after operation. After two months’ follow-up, the patient urinated smoothly and achieved an adequate erection without other complications. In this case, consistent with previous studies, emergency surgery for penile fracture is necessary and can preserve the urethral function and sexual function. In addition, there are two lesions in tunica albuginea in this case, so careful search for the penile shaft during the surgery is important to avoid the missed injuries. This report provides evidence of an uncommon and underreported clinical case.     

The associations of medical marijuana policies with opioid‐related health care utilization

ObjectiveTo examine the associations between medical marijuana policies and opioid‐related hospitalizations and emergency department visits.Data SourcesWe utilized quarterly rates of hospital discharge data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project''s (HCUP) Fast Stats Database from 2005 to 2016 along with state‐level sociodemographic data from US Census Bureau and Bureau of Labor Statistics and opioid‐related state health policy data from publicly available sources for the analysis.Study DesignAnalyses were carried out using a difference‐in‐differences regression approach. We estimate heterogeneous effects of medical marijuana policies such as initial policy, presence of active dispensary, and home cultivation on opioid‐related hospitalizations and emergency department visits related to opioids.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsPublicly available secondary data were collected, linked, and analyzed. Observations with missing values for explanatory variables were excluded from the analysis.Principal FindingsRegression results indicate that type of medical marijuana policy has varying effects on opioid‐related hospitalizations and emergency department visits. States that allow home cultivation of medical marijuana experienced significant positive associations with opioid‐related hospitalizations and emergency department visits, while no effect was observed with medical marijuana dispensaries. Moreover, recreational marijuana policies were positively associated with opioid‐related hospitalizations.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that the effects of medical marijuana policies on opioid‐related hospitalizations and emergency department visits vary depending on the type of medical marijuana policy. Our findings indicate that the implementation of home cultivation of marijuana is positively associated with hospitalizations and emergency department visits related to opioids, suggesting that easier access to marijuana among opioid users may result in adverse health conditions that need treatment.     

基于共享理念的急诊CTA应急平台构建与效果评价

目的基于共享理念的急诊CTA应急平台构建与效果评价。方法选取2019年1—9月急诊CTA检查患者为对照组,2019年11月—2020年8月急诊CTA检查患者为观察组。对照组采用常规急诊值班制,观察组建立急诊CTA应急平台。对申请检查科室、检查项目进行描述性统计,比较两组CTA检查时间及入院患者预后转归情况。结果申请科室以急诊内科为主,检查项目以头颅、胸腹部为主,急诊CTA检查时间对照组中位数为46 min,观察组中位数为20 min,两组对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),对照组37例患者中有8例(21.7%)致残,观察组103例患者中有8例(7.8%)致残,两组对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论组建急诊CTA应急平台能缩短急诊CTA影像学检查时间,降低致残率,提高患者生活质量,优化护理人力资源,值得临床推广。     

拉萨市中小学生卫生应急素养的现况调查及影响因素分析

目的 初步了解拉萨市中小学生的卫生应急健康素养的水平现况,为制定提升中小学生卫生应急素养的综合干预措施提供参考依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法在拉萨市抽取三所学校进行自制卫生应急知识的问卷调查。结果 拉萨市中小学生卫生应急素养的合格率仅为12.62%。其中,卫生应急相关知识和灾害应急知识的合格率分别为44.79%、 12.36%。性别、民族、老师传播健康知识的渠道是卫生应急素养的主要因素。电视、老师和父母亲友告知是目前最广泛也是最受欢迎的健康知识传播渠道。结论 拉萨市中小学生的卫生应急素养水平整体较低,需要对小学生和藏族予以重点关注。为提升其卫生应急素养水平,需要将学校老师、专业指导人员、学生父母等作为传播主体,学校作为主要阵地,家庭和社会公共空间作为辅助阵地、建立多元传播渠道等以开展综合性卫生应急健康教育。     

中医内科急症概论(上)

论述了急症的基本特点为大实大虚,邪正消长多变;多脏同病,但有主次先后;多病证,但又同中有异。急症的病机要点为：①内外合邪,因果夹杂;②病理因素责之风火（热）痰瘀,常可转化并见;③邪盛酿毒,有外受、内生之别;④邪实机闭是急症阴竭阳脱、气血消亡的基础;⑤病性多实,但常虑实夹杂;⑥病机之间的演变转化,可致多证相关。     

福州市院前急救2341例呼救与应急处理情况的分析

目的　研究福州市“12 0”院前急救系统的呼救原因、呼救时间、反应时间、处理时间与患者年龄等各项指标间的相互关系 ,为制定急救对策提供依据。　方法　从福州市“12 0”院前急救调度室约 1.5万例呼救信息资料中 ,以 15 %比例单纯随机抽样 2 34 1例 ,对相关指标进行相应的χ2 、秩和检验。　结果　 (1)前 3位呼叫原因为交通意外 (Traf)、心血管疾病 (CVD)和挫裂挤压伤 (L ac)。 (2 )交通意外 /挫裂挤压伤 (Traf/ L ac)和心血管疾病 /脑血管意外 (CVD/ CVA)呼救高峰时间段均为上夜。 (3) Traf/ L ac多见于 30～ 5 9岁 ,CVD/ CVA多见于 6 0岁以上患者。 (4)夜间呼叫多 ,夏秋季为忙季。 (5 )院前急救人员出诊平均反应时间为 5 .74m in,平均处理时间为 2 4.90 min。　结论　“12 0”呼救规律的分析对于制定相关急救措施、妥善处理有重要的指导意义。     

《得心集医案》辨治急难证的思路与方法

总结分析了清代医家谢星焕《得心集医案》辨治急难证的特点：在辨证方面注重天人合一,善于辨别真假错杂之证,尤长于以脉诊决疑释难,妇科难证多求诸奇经八脉;在治疗方面法度严谨,善于化裁古方,急救方法多变,涌吐、针灸、鼻饲、敷脐等多有采用。     

The emergency medicine training needs of rural general practitioners

This study aimed to identify the emergency medicine training needs of rural general practitioners (GPs) in the catchment area of the Hunter Rural Division of General Practice. The GPs were surveyed using a questionnaire in which they were asked about their confidence levels in a number of specific emergency medicine skills, and about the areas of emergency medicine that they saw as priorities for upskilling. More than a third of GPs who were responsible for on-call work at the hospital indicated that they had low levels of confidence in a number of their emergency medicine skills, in particular skills relating to paediatric emergencies, cardiovascular emergencies, and respiratory emergencies. These emergency medicine domains were also seen as high priorities for upskilling by the majority of the respondents. The study shows that rural doctors need the opportunity to access emergency medicine training that provides upskilling not only in the management of clinical problems, but also in practical procedures.