急性肌肉拉伤的MRI应用进展

急性肌肉拉伤是一种急性间接肌肉损伤,常见于日常生活和运动中。仅根据临床症状和体格检查难以准确诊断。常规MRI软组织分辨率高,是急性肌肉拉伤诊断和预后评估的重要手段。近年发展的肌肉MR弹性成像、T2弛豫时间图、磁共振扩散加权成像、扩散张量成像和磁共振波谱具有从微观结构、病理和生理层面为急性肌肉拉伤的诊断提供定量、客观依据的潜力。作者对应用于急性肌肉拉伤的各项MRI技术进行综述。     

剪切波弹性成像诊断腮腺占位性病变的应用价值

目的:通过剪切波弹性成像(shear wave elastrography,SWE)获得鉴别腮腺良恶性病变及良性亚组分型的杨氏模量值,并分析其诊断价值。方法:选取2019年6月至2020年1月以腮腺占位性病变住院的74例患者(76个结节),对所有患者的腮腺病变在术前或穿刺活检之前进行SWE技术检查,获得相应的杨氏模量值,并与组织学检查结果进行比较和分析。结果:在76个结节中,良性病变69例,恶性病变7例。良性病变中多形性腺瘤(pleomorphic adenoma,PA)占37.6%(26例),单形性腺瘤(monomorphic adenoma,MA)占30.0%(23例),淋巴结占21.7%(15例)。所有腮腺肿瘤杨氏模量最大值及平均值均高于腮腺内淋巴结,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PA与MA比较杨氏模量最大值及平均值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。腮腺恶性病变与良性病变比较,杨氏模量最大值及平均值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但是恶性病变与良性病变各亚组之间比较,除淋巴结组之外,杨氏模量最大值及平均值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:SWE技术虽然在鉴别腮腺良恶性肿瘤之间没有达到预期效果,但在良性亚组(PA与MA、淋巴结与其他腮腺肿瘤)之间有重要的诊断意义。     

The Immediate Effects of Foam Rolling and Stretching on Iliotibial Band Stiffness: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundIliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS) is a common clinical condition likely caused by abnormal compressive forces to the iliotibial band (ITB). Stretching interventions are common in ITBS treatment and may predominantly affect tensor fascia latae (TFL). Another ITBS treatment is foam rolling, which may more directly affect the ITB. Shear wave ultrasound elastography (SWUE) measures real-time soft tissue stiffness, allowing tissue changes to be measured and compared.PurposeTo examine effects of foam rolling and iliotibial complex stretching on ITB stiffness at 0˚ and 10˚ of hip adduction and hip adduction passive range of motion (PROM).Study DesignRandomized controlled trial.MethodsData from 11 males (age = 30.5 ± 9.0 years, Body Mass Index (BMI) = 27.8 ± 4.0) and 19 females (age = 23.5 ± 4.9, BMI = 23.2 ± 2.1) were analyzed for this study. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control, stretching, and foam rolling. Shear wave ultrasound elastography measurements included ITB Young’s modulus at the mid-thigh, the distal femur and the TFL muscle belly. ITB-to-femur depth was measured at mid-thigh level. Hip adduction PROM was measured from digital images taken during the movement.ResultsNo significant interactions or main effects were found for group or time differences in ITB Young’s modulus at the three measured locations. The ITB stiffness at the mid-thigh and distal femur increased with 10° adduction, but TFL stiffness did not increase. A main effect for adduction PROM was observed, where PROM increased 0.8˚ post-treatment (p = 0.02).ConclusionA single episode of stretching and foam rolling does not affect short-term ITB stiffness. The lack of ITB stiffness changes may be from an inadequate intervention stimulus or indicate that the interventions have no impact on ITB stiffness.Levels of Evidence1b     

探讨超声实时剪切波弹性成像在胆道闭锁患儿术后早期胆管炎发生中的应用价值

目的 本文旨在探讨超声实时剪切波弹性成像（shear wave elastography,SWE）在胆道闭锁患儿术后早期胆管炎发生中的临床价值。 方法 我院2019年2月至2020年2月经超声诊断为胆道闭锁并手术病理证实的患儿共59例,应用实时弹性成像（SWE）测量术前及术后1月的肝杨氏模量值,并将患儿术后1月内是否出现胆管炎,分为胆管炎组及非胆管炎组,分别探究两组内及组间术前及术后1月的肝杨氏模量的变化情况。 结果 非胆管炎组与胆管炎组分别进行组内比较,术前与术后的肝杨氏模量值的差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,且在胆管炎组与非胆管炎组术前的肝杨氏模量值没有显著差异的情况下,术后1月胆管炎组的肝杨氏模量值明显高于非胆管炎组（P=0.001）,所有患儿术前肝杨氏模量值随日龄呈线性关系（R=0.258,P=0.000）,日龄越大杨氏模量值越大,但日龄与术后1月肝杨氏模量值之间没有明显线性相关性（P=0.055）。 结论 超声实时剪切波弹性成像（shear wave elastography,SWE）技术在检测胆道闭锁患儿术后早期胆管炎发生的筛检中具有一定的价值。     

剪切波弹性成像技术在甲状腺相关性眼病眼外肌病变中的应用

目的： 运用剪切波弹性成像(SWE)评估甲状腺相关性眼病眼外肌病变(Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy,TAO)中四条眼外肌厚径及平均杨氏模量值(Emean)的变化,探讨其对TAO的诊断价值。 方法： 随机收集在兰大二院内分泌科住院的TAO患者60例,根据2008年欧洲研究学会TAO分级标准将其分为两个亚组：A组(TAO水肿期)38例和B组(TAO纤维化期)22例,另选取年龄、性别相匹配的健康志愿者50例为对照组。采用高频超声测量眼外肌厚径,SWE测量眼外肌平均杨氏模量值(Emean),以甲状腺相关性眼病分级评估结果为标准绘制接受者操作特征(ROC)曲线,确定诊断TAO的截点值。 结果： TAO组患者眼外肌厚径及Emean值均大于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组、A组、B组四条眼外肌Emean值有逐渐增高的趋势(P<0.05),TAO亚组(A组、B组)厚径无显著性差异(P＞0.05)。ROC曲线显示,上直肌、下直肌、外直肌、内直肌Emean值诊断TAO的截点分别为9.85kPa、9.65kPa、9.85kPa、9.65kPa,曲线下面积分别为0.937、0.922、0.94、0.94;敏感性分别为86%、78%、82%、80%,特异性分别为90%、95%、95%、98.3%。 结论： SWE可通过定量评估眼外肌弹性为临床诊断甲状腺相关性眼病眼外肌病变提供参考。     

剪切波弹性成像评估米非司酮宫颈软化效果

目的探讨应用剪切波弹性成像技术（SWE）评估米非司酮无痛人流术前宫颈软化效果的可行性。方法选取我院行无痛人流手术的孕妇87例,随机分成试验组43例和对照组44例。试验组术前1 d晚上8时服用米非司酮50mg,对照组不服用药物。应用SWE技术在术前1 d（试验组用药前）及手术当天分别测量宫颈外口前唇及后唇的剪切波速度（SWS）,比较试验组及对照组两次所测SWS的差异,Spearman相关分析手术当天所测宫颈SWS与术中宫颈扩张程度评价的关系。结果试验组术前1 d测得的宫颈前唇及后唇SWS与手术当天测值比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;对照组术前1 d测得的宫颈前唇及后唇SWS与手术当天测值比较,差异均无统计学意义。相关性分析结果显示,手术当天所测的宫颈前唇SWS与术中宫颈扩张程度评价标准呈正相关（ρ=0.458,P＜0.05）,宫颈后唇SWS与术中宫颈扩张程度无明显相关性（ρ=0.177）。结论应用SWE可检测米非司酮引起的宫颈软化效果,宫颈外口前唇SWS有望作为客观评估宫颈软硬度的指标之一。     

基于SWE技术的弹性异质性分析在校正乳腺病灶BI-RADS分类中的价值

摘要 目的 探讨基于剪切波弹性成像（SWE）技术的弹性异质性分析在校正乳腺病灶BI-RADS分类中的价值 方法 对经病理证实的132例患者共135个乳腺病灶,行BI-RADS分类及SWE检测,测得病灶的弹性模量参数,计算SG（刚度梯度）。以病理结果为金标准,绘制ROC曲线,比较校正前及SG校正后BI-RADS分类区分乳腺良恶性病灶的诊断效能。结果 135个乳腺病灶,良性75个,恶性60个。恶性病灶组各弹性模量参数均高于良性病灶组（P<0.001）,以SG鉴别诊断乳腺病灶良恶性的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）最高,AUC值为0.925,SG的诊断界点值为120.2kPa时,敏感度为88.3%,特异度为96.0%,准确度为92.6%。以BI-RADS 4b为诊断界点,校正前与SG校正后BI-RADS分类鉴别乳腺病灶良恶性的AUC值为0.914、0.964;敏感度为88.3%、90.0%;特异度为82.7%、92.0%;准确度为85.2%、91.1%。结论 基于SWE技术的弹性异质性定量分析在区分乳腺病灶良恶性中具有重要的临床价值,SG校正后BI-RADS分类较常规超声BI-RADS分类提高了诊断性能,可减少不必要的穿刺活检。     

Elasticity standard values of the thoracolumbar fascia assessed with acoustic radiation force impulse elastography on healthy volunteers: A cross section study

IntroductionDetermining the normal values for acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) shear wave elastography of the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) and define possible factors of influence.MethodsWe measured the shear wave velocity (SWV) in m/s and the diameter (anterior-posterior) in mm of the TLF bilateral in 267 healthy participants with the Acuson S3000™ (Siemens) using the virtual touch image quantification mode (VTIQ). The parameters were tested for correlations with the anthropometric data of the participants, between different age groups and the genders, as well as information obtained from the history, such as smoking and sporting activities.ResultsWe determined a mean SWV of 3.28 ± 0.55 m/s for the left thoracolumbar fascia and 3.44 ± 0.55 m/s for the right. The diameter on the right was 2.7 ± 0.8 mm. On the left, it was 2.7 ± 0.9 mm. Neither body mass index (BMI) nor gender had a significant effect on either of the measured parameters (p > 0.05). The same goes for regular medication, sporting activity or the consumption of alcohol (p > 0.05). The results concerning the effect of smoking and age were inconclusive as they only had a significant influence to either the right or the left side of the TLF but not on the other side.ConclusionsWe collected the normal value for ARFI shear wave elastography of the TLF in 267 healthy participants. Furthermore, neither gender, BMI, sports activity nor the consumption of alcohol affected the elasticity or the diameter of the thoracolumbar fascia.     

Acute decrease in the stiffness of resting muscle belly due to static stretching

The purpose of the study was to examine the acute effect of static stretching exercise on the resting stiffness of gastrocnemius muscle belly. Ten healthy young adults performed standing wall stretching in dorsiflexion for 1 min at a time and repeated five times. Before and after stretching, the shear modulus was measured in medial and lateral heads of the resting gastrocnemius muscle with ultrasound shear‐wave elastography. After the stretching, dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) of the ankle joint increased (P < 0.01) by 3.9° and returned in 20 min. Immediately after stretching, shear modulus decreased (P < 0.01) by 14%, compared with before stretching across muscle heads. The decrease in shear modulus returned in 20 min after stretching. In the comparison group of 10 additional subjects, the standing intervention without stretching had no influence on these measures. There was a negative correlation between dorsiflexion ROM and shear modulus in either head before and after stretching. The results demonstrate the transient decreases in the stiffness of the resting gastrocnemius muscle belly and indicate that joint flexibility is greater in individuals with lower resting stiffness of the muscle belly.