Orthopedic Surgery and Anesthesiology Surgical Improvement Strategies Project—Phase II Outcomes

BackgroundOur institution previously initiated a perioperative surgical home initiative to improve quality and efficiency across the hospital arc of care of primary total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty patients. Phase II of this project aimed to (1) expand the perioperative surgical home to include revision total hip arthroplasties and total knee arthroplasties, hip preservation procedures, and reconstructions after oncologic resections; (2) expand the project to include the preoperative phase; and (3) further refine the perioperative surgical home goals accomplished in phase I.MethodsPhase II of the Orthopedic Surgery and Anesthesiology Surgical Improvement Strategies project ran from July 2018 to July 2019. The evaluated arc of care spanned from the preoperative surgical consult visit through 90 days postoperative in the expanded population described above.ResultsMean length of stay decreased from 2.2 days to 2.0 days (P < .001), 90-day readmission decreased from 3.0% to 1.6% (P < .001), and Press-Ganey scores increased from 77.1 to 79.2 (97th percentile). Mean and maximum pain scores and opioid consumption remained unchanged (lowest P = .31). Annual surgical volume increased by 10%. Composite changes in surgical volume and cost reductions equaled $5 million.ConclusionApplication of previously successful health systems engineering tools and methods in phase I of Orthopedic Surgery and Anesthesiology Surgical Improvement Strategies enabled additional evolution of an orthopedic perioperative surgical home to encompass more diverse and complex patient populations while increasing system-wide quality, safety, and financial outcomes. Improved process and outcomes metrics reflected increased efficiency across the episode of care without untoward effects.Level of EvidenceIII Therapeutic.     

Selection models for efficient two‐phase design of family studies

Family studies routinely employ biased sampling schemes in which individuals are randomly chosen from a disease registry and genetic and phenotypic data are obtained from their consenting relatives. We view this as a two‐phase study and propose the use of an efficient selection model for the recruitment of families to form a phase II sample subject to budgetary constraints. Simple random sampling, balanced sampling and use of an approximately optimal selection model are considered where the latter is chosen to minimize the variance of parameters of interest. We consider the setting where family members provide current status data with respect to the disease and use copula models to address within‐family dependence. The efficiency gains from the use of an optimal selection model over simple random sampling and balanced sampling schemes are investigated as is the robustness of optimal sampling to model misspecification. An application to a family study on psoriatic arthritis is given for illustration.     

效率指数模型和床位利用模型在三级公立医院床位利用评价中的应用

目的分析北京市三级公立医院的床位利用效率,了解医疗制度改革后到目前为止的床位使用情况,为医院床位管理及相关医疗资源配置提供依据。方法利用归一法中的效率指数模型以及床位利用模型对2009—2018年间北京市三级公立医院整体及分类别医院床位利用情况进行分析。结果北京市三级公立医院整体床位规模增速放缓;床位利用效率逐步上升,其中综合医院稳步提升,专科医院上升幅度大,中医类医院变化较为复杂,有待进一步提升。结论效率模型和床位利用模型能够更加准确全面地反映床位利用情况,有助于政府部门及医院管理者制定发展规划,了解并适时调整床位资源布局,避免医疗资源的短缺和浪费。医院床位管理在关注工作效率的同时也要关注效用,继续加强双向转诊使三级医院床位发挥更大作用。北京市三级公立综合医院和专科医院床位管理在高效运转的同时要加强病房管理,提高医疗质量,规避医疗风险;中医类医院要努力发挥中医优势病种诊疗和综合服务能力,提升其床位工作效率。     

基于DEA-Malmquist模型的海南省县级公立医院运行效率及影响因素分析

[目的]了解海南省99家县级公立医院2015-2017年间的运行效率及影响因素,更好地推进海南省县级公立医院改革。[方法]通过DEA-Malmquist指数模型分析医院的效率以及全要素生产率,运用Tobit回归分析其影响因素。[结果] 2015-2017年,有46家医院的全要素生产率提高,有52家医院的全要素生产率降低,降幅介于0%~10%之间。[结论]海南省县级公立医院的全要素生产率有待提高,需要提高技术效率和规模效率,加强医联体与城乡一体化建设,促进医院精细化管理。     

阿帕替尼治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效及不良反应

目的:观察阿帕替尼治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效及不良反应。方法:选择我院2016年1月至2016年10月收治的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者32例,随机分为阿帕替尼治疗组（实验组）和最佳支持治疗组（对照组）,观察治疗后的疗效及不良反应。结果:阿帕替尼组治疗客观缓解率(ORR)为11.8%、疾病控制率(DCR)为52.9%,与最佳支持治疗组比较疾病控制率差异有统计学意义;两组间中位无进展生存期（PFS）分别为3.1个月、1.8个月,差异有统计学意义。患者不良反应较轻,主要为高血压、蛋白尿及手足综合症,发生率分别为58.8%（10/17）、52.9%（9/17）、29.4%(5/17), 经治疗后可缓解。结论:阿帕替尼是晚期非小细胞肺癌有效的治疗方法,不良反应小,患者易于耐受。     

通心络胶囊治疗椎-基底动脉系短暂性脑缺血发作疗效观察

目的观察通心络胶囊治疗椎-基底动脉系短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)的疗效,并探讨其作用机制。方法将160例TIA患者随机分为治疗组和对照组(每组80例),对照组给予复方丹参注射液40ml加入0.9%氯化钠注射液250ml中静脉滴注,日1次;治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上加用通心络胶囊;两组疗程均为30d。比较两组疗效和治疗前后颅内椎动脉(VA)、基底动脉(BA)的平均血流速度。结果治疗后两组患者症状均有改善,但治疗组疗效明显优于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05),且治疗组VA、BA血流速度较对照组明显增快(P<0.01)。结论通心络胶囊可明显改善脑供血,是治疗椎-基底动脉系TIA的有效药物。     

Sensitivity of residual nephrons to high dose furosemide described by diuretic efficiency

Ten haemodialysis (HD) patients with a median residual creatinine clearance (CL_CR) of 1.9 ml·min^–1·1.73 m^–2 (range 0.6–5.3) were treated with oral furosemide (F) 2.0 g. Overall-efficiency (O-E, daily sodium excretion/total urinary F) and total-efficiency (-E, increase in daily sodium excretion/total urinary F) were measured on the last 24 hours of each interdialysis interval. In addition, O-E was measured during the complete interdialysis interval in 10 HD patients with a median CL_CR of 5.6 ml·min^–1·1.73 m^–2 (range 0.7–6.8) treated for 1 year with a fixed oral dose of F between 250–1000 mg (median 625 mg).In the short study the median O-E was 10.6 mmol·mg^–1 (range 1.9–22.0) and -E 6.2 mmol·mg^–1 (range 1.3–11.2). The fractional excretion of sodium FE_Na was significantly increased from 9.6% (range 4.1–22.9) to 27% (range 14.6–56.2) during F treatment. A positive correlation was found between the basal FE_Na and -E. In the long-term study median O-E was 6.4 mmol·mg^–1. O-E and FE_Na showed no change over time although median RCC decreased from 5.6 to 1.9 ml·min^–1·1.73 m^–2 and median F excretion from 11.8 to 7.5 mg per day.It can be concluded that diuretic efficiency in haemodialysis patients is dependent on FE_Na and the state of hydration during the interdialysis interval.     

白血病细胞在无血清体系中增生能力的探讨

采用无血清甲基纤维素半固体培养方法,对白血病细胞系和原代白血病细胞进行一次集落培养,将形成的集落细胞重新悬浮,进行二次集落培养、计数。结果白血病细胞系的二次植入效率为３１．３０％,原代髓系白血病细胞的二次植入效率为２２．６６％。提示白血病细胞存在具有高增殖能力的干细胞性细胞群;原代白血病细胞的再增殖能力低于白血病细胞系。     

磁共振弹性成像对肝纤维化分级诊断价值的Meta分析

目的：采用Meta分析方法探讨磁共振弹性成像（MRE）对肝纤维化分级的诊断效能及临床应用价值,为临床对肝纤维化的治疗提供依据。方法：搜索2017年2月2日前国内外公开发表的MRE诊断肝纤维化分级的中文和英文文献。纳入数据库包括PubMed、EMBase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普数据库和万方数据库,并辅以手工检索,按照预先纳入及排除标准进行筛选,提取资料,采据QUADAS-2工具进行文献质量评价,采用Stata软件分别对F0 vs F1-F4组、F0-F1 vs F2-F4组、F0-F2 vs F3-F4组和F0-F3 vs F4组MRE对肝纤维化分期诊断的敏感度（SEN）、特异度（SPE）、诊断比值比（DOR）、阳性似然比（+LR）和阴性似然比（-LR）进行合并计算及异质性检验,绘制分层综合受试者工作特征曲线（HSROC）,计算曲线下面积（AUROC）。结果：共检索出1 332篇文献,最后纳入22篇,其中英文21篇,中文1篇。Meta分析,SEN_合并、SPE_合并、+LR_合并、-LR_合并、DOR_合并和AUROC,F0 vs F1-F4组分别为88.8%（85.0%~91.7%）、95.9%（91.5%~98.0%）、21.435（10.215~44.979）、0.117（0.086~0.159）、183.187（72.533~462.650）和0.96（0.94~0.98）,F0-F1 vs F2-F4组分别为93.3%（89.2%~35.9%）、94.1%（90.2%~96.5%）、15.839（9.344~26.848）、0.072（0.044~0.117）、221.224（100.980~484.648）和0.98（0.96~0.99）,F0-F2 vs F3-F4组分别为92.9%（88.9%~95.5%）、94.6%（91.2%~96.8%）、17.348（10.496~28.671）、0.075（0.048~0.119）、230.434（111.482~476.317）和0.98（0.96~0.99）,F0-F3 vs F4组分别为97.7%（93.0%~99.3%）、93.2%（90.3%~95.2%）、14.337（9.910~20.742）、0.025（0.008~0.075）、580.405（144.871~2 325.307）和0.98（0.96~0.99）。结论：MRE作为一种新型和无创的影像检查手段,对不同分期肝纤维化均具有较高诊断价值,可为临床肝纤维化的精准治疗提供可靠参考。