肿瘤M2型丙酮酸激酶检测在结肠癌诊断中的临床价值

目的探究肿瘤M2型丙酮酸激酶检测在结肠癌诊断中的临床价值。方法选取本院经病理诊断确诊为结肠癌的50例患者与结肠腺瘤的60例患者分别设为结肠癌组与结肠腺瘤组,选择90例健康人设为正常组,分别使用ELISA、化学发光法(CL)检测血浆M2-PK数值及癌胚抗原(CEA)水平。结果结肠癌组及Dukes C、D期肿瘤M2-PK水平与结肠腺瘤组、正常组及Dukes A、B期相比更高(P<0.05),肿瘤M2-PK结肠癌诊断敏感性与CEA相比更高。结论肿瘤M2型丙酮酸激酶检测在结肠癌诊断中具有较高的临床价值,且肿瘤M2-PK的敏感性高于CEA,与肿瘤分期之间具有十分密切的联系,能够有效应用于结肠癌的筛查与诊断工作当中。     

医疗绩效管理中实施PDCA循环的效果分析

目的对比分析实施PDCA循环前后医疗绩效管理的效果。方法医院每季度进行一次绩效管理考核,分为核心制度、病历质量、用药情况、耗材情况和医疗效率5个维度。2019年第一季度绩效管理开始引入PDCA循环,以第一季度各维度得分作为基础值,对比分析引入PDCA循环前后各维度得分,以手术科室为例,进行统计分析。结果核心制度、病历质量、耗材情况维度得分比较,均P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义;用药情况、医疗效率维度得分比较,均P>0.05,但各季度得分相比基础值均逐渐升高,第四季度与基础值比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论医疗绩效管理中实施PDCA循环,能有效提升管理水平,促进医疗质量螺旋上升。     

Pediatric Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome: Analysis by an Untargeted “Shotgun” Lipidomic Approach Reveals Low-Abundance Plasma Phospholipids and Dynamic Recovery over 8-Day Period,a Single-Center Observational Study

Lipids are molecules involved in metabolism and inflammation. This study investigates the plasma lipidome for markers of severity and nutritional status in critically ill children. Children with multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (n = 24) are analyzed at three time-points and cross-referenced to sedation controls (n = 4) for a total of N = 28. Eight of the patients with MODS, needed veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) support to survive. Blood plasma lipid profiles are quantified by nano-electrospray (nESI), direct infusion high resolution/accurate mass spectrometry (MS), and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and compared to nutritional profiles and pediatric logistic organ dysfunction (PELOD) scores. Our results show that PELOD scores were not significantly different between MODS and ECMO cases across time-points (p = 0.66). Lipid profiling provides stratification between sedation controls and all MODS patients for total lysophosphatidylserine (lysoPS) (p-value = 0.004), total phosphatidylserine (PS) (p-value = 0.015), and total ether-linked phosphatidylethanolamine (ether-PE) (p-value = 0.03) after adjusting for sex and age. Nutrition intake over time did not correlate with changes in lipid profiles, as measured by caloric and protein intake. Lipid measurement in the intensive care environment shows dynamic changes over an 8-day pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) course, suggesting novel metabolic indicators for defining critically ill children.     

Smoking Cessation and Quality of Life: Insights From Analysis of Longitudinal Australian Data,an Application for Economic Evaluations

ObjectivesA number of studies have shown an association between smoking habit and quality of life, but these have mainly involved cross-sectional data. This study takes advantage of longitudinal panel data to estimate the effect of the transition from “smoker” to “ex-smoker” status (smoking cessation) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), measured by SF-36, in an Australian general population sample.MethodsPanel data from 13 waves (2001-2013) of a nationally representative longitudinal survey of Household Income and Labour Dynamics of Australia (HILDA) were used; 1858 respondents (5% of total HILDA sample) who experienced only 1 cessation event in their HILDA life were selected. HRQoL trajectories elicited by SF-36 (0-100 scale, worst to best health) were modeled before and after cessation events using a piecewise (segmented) 2-way fixed-effect linear regression, adopted to capture within-person differences. This enabled measurement of changes of regression slopes and intercept while controlling time-invariant characteristics (eg, country of birth, gender) and time-varying changes in health status.ResultsAnnual pre-post intervention improvements were estimated for the following dimensions: role physical 0.65 (95% CI 0.62-1.24), bodily pain 0.48 (95% CI 0.10-0.86), general health 0.55 (95% CI 0.2-0.9), and the physical component summary score 0.22 (95% CI 0.01-0.04). Immediate effects (discontinuity at the time of cessation) of smoking cessation existed for bodily pain –1.5 (95% CI –2.52 to –0.40) and general health 1.82 (95% CI 1.01-2.62). The effects for mental health domains were not significant.ConclusionsAdjusting for all unmeasured time-invariant confounders and controlling the effect of time, this study revealed the varied effects of smoking cessation on HRQoL; it has positive effect on physical and general health but nonsignificant effect on mental aspects. Preference-based utility measures based on SF-6D capture changes that can be measured in several of the domains of the SF-36.     

Toward Better Data Dashboards for US Drug Value Assessments

ObjectivesTo explore the use of data dashboards to convey information about a drug’s value, and reduce the need to collapse dimensions of value to a single measure.MethodsReview of the literature on US Drug Value Assessment Frameworks, and discussion of the value of data dashboards to improve the manner in which information on value is displayed.ResultsThe incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year ratio is a useful starting point for conversation about a drug’s value, but it cannot reflect all of the elements of value about which different audiences care deeply. Data dashboards for drug value assessments can draw from other contexts. Decision makers should be presented with well-designed value dashboards containing various metrics, including conventional cost per quality-adjusted life-year ratios as well as measures of a drug’s impact on clinical and patient-centric outcomes, and on budgetary and distributional consequences, to convey a drug’s value along different dimensions.ConclusionsThe advent of US drug value frameworks in health care has forced a concomitant effort to develop appropriate information displays. Researchers should formally test different formats and elements.     

微酸性电解水实验室微生物杀灭效果研究

 目的 研究某微酸性电解水实验室微生物杀灭效果。方法 选取某次氯酸水发生器现制微酸性电解水,测定不同有效氯含量、不同作用时间其对细菌繁殖体、芽孢以及真菌的杀灭效果。结果 该微酸性电解水有效氯含量为34.3~118 mg/L,有机干扰物牛血清白蛋白浓度为3.0%和0.3%时,分别作用1.0、3.0、5.0、10.0 min,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌的平均杀灭对数值均>5.00,对白假丝酵母菌的平均杀灭对数值均>4.00;有效氯含量为101~118 mg/L,牛血清白蛋白浓度为0.3%时,分别作用5.0、10.0、30.0 min,对枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢的平均杀灭对数值均>5.00。结论 在特定实验条件下,该微酸性电解水对细菌的繁殖体、芽孢以及真菌均达到消毒剂消毒合格标准。     

脊柱术后感染病原菌及CD64和中性粒细胞百分比的早期预测价值

目的分析脊柱术后医院感染患者病原菌分布特征及中性粒细胞64(CD64)和中性粒细胞百分比(NEU%)表达情况。方法选取2017年6月-2019年6月天津市天津医院收治的脊柱术后医院感染患者51例为感染组,并选取同期于医院就诊的脊柱术后未发生感染患者51例为未感染组。分析感染组患者病原菌情况,检测患者NEU和CD64水平;ROC曲线分析CD64和NEU%指标水平预测感染的诊断价值。结果 51例感染患者共培养分离病原菌78株,其中革兰阴性菌42株(53.85%)、革兰阳性菌33株(42.31%)、真菌3株(3.85%),以铜绿假单胞菌及金黄色葡萄球菌为主。术后7 d,感染组体温、WBC、中性粒细胞计数、CRP、ESR分别为(38.47±0.52)℃、(8.34±2.17)×109/L、(5.98±1.94)×109/L、(54.52±19.93)mg/L、(51.74±21.88)mm/h均高于非感染组(P<0.05)。术后7 d,感染组CD64、NEU%分别为(8.87±2.13)%、(84.93±13.39)高于非感染组(P<0.05)。CD64指数与NEU%水平诊断ROC曲线下面积分别为0.922、0.826。结论脊柱术后医院感染以革兰阴性菌为主,CD64及NEU%水平有助于脊柱术后医院感染的早期诊断。     

重型危重型新型冠状病毒肺炎危险因素分析

目的 分析重型危重型新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)发生的危险因素,为早期预测新冠肺炎轻型普通型进展为重型危重型提供依据。 方法 收集2020年1月17日—3月14日在长沙市第一医院收治的新冠肺炎确诊患者的基本情况、流行病学、临床和实验室资料。采用回顾性队列分析研究重型危重型新冠肺炎发生的危险因素,单因素χ²检验和多因素logistic回归分析相关指标。 结果 169例患者纳入研究,其中136例为轻型普通型,33例为重型危重型。单因素分析显示,重型危重型和轻型普通型在年龄、饮酒史、感染地为湖北、有明确接触史、合并慢性心脏病、高血压、总蛋白、白蛋白、淋巴细胞、血糖、乳酸脱氢酶、降钙素原、C反应蛋白差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);多因素logistic分析显示,有饮酒史(OR=3.06)、有慢性心脏疾病(OR=15.26)、总蛋白偏低(OR=2.13)、入院时血糖升高(OR=4.91)、C反应蛋白升高(OR=12.34)为重型危重型新冠肺炎的独立危险因素(P＜0.05)。 结论 有饮酒史、有慢性心脏疾病、入院时总蛋白偏低、血糖升高、C反应蛋白升高为重型危重型新冠肺炎的危险因素。提示医师在诊疗过程中应重点关注有以上因素的轻型普通型新冠肺炎患者。     

超声弹性成像联合BI-RADS分类在乳腺微小癌诊断中的临床价值

目的:探讨在乳腺微小癌诊断中联合应用超声弹性成像及数据系统(BI-RADS)分类的临床价值。方法:选择2018年3月~2019年3月本院接收的疑似乳腺微小癌的96例患者作为研究对象。均进行超声弹性成像检查、BI-RADS分类,以病理检查结果为诊断金标准,比较单项检查与联合检查的准确率、灵敏度、特异度。结果:数据显示,在96例疑似乳腺微小癌患者中,共80例患者经病理检查确诊为乳腺微小癌,同时乳腺钼靶联合超声检查的准确性、灵敏度均高于单项检测,数据之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。此外,单项与联合检测的特异度对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在乳腺微小癌诊断中联合应用超声弹性成像及BI-RADS分类检查,可有效提高诊断准确性及灵敏度,对早期疾病诊断、临床治疗具有重要意义。     

孕早期外周血中lnc-C17orf64-1:1对子痫前期的预测价值

目的 探究孕早期孕妇外周血中lnc-C17orf64-1∶1的表达及其在子痫前期发病中的预测价值。方法 选择2018年9月至2019年9月于上海交通大学医学院附属国际和平妇幼保健院就诊分娩的孕妇,留取其孕早期(11~13周)外周血样本。根据妊娠结局是否为子痫前期分组:正常孕妇29例为对照组,子痫前期孕妇20例为子痫前期组。收集孕产妇相关临床资料,采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测孕早期外周血中lnc-C17orf64-1∶1的表达水平(ΔCT值),分析其与病情相关临床指标的相关性,并通过受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristi, ROC)曲线分析其预测价值。结果 子痫前期组孕妇孕早期外周血中lnc-C17orf64-1∶1表达升高(ΔCT值降低);ROC曲线分析发现孕早期外周血lnc-C17orf64-1∶1预测子痫前期发病的曲线下面积(area under the curve, AUC)为0.9172(95%置信区间:0.8445-0.9899),敏感度80.00%,特异度86.21%,最大约登指数0.6621,最佳截断点13.71(ΔCT值),阳性预测值80.00%,阴性预测值86.21%;Spearman相关性分析发现孕早期外周血lnc-C17orf64-1∶1的ΔCT值与收缩压及舒张压均呈负相关。结论 孕早期外周血lnc-C17orf64-1∶1高表达与子痫前期密切相关,且对子痫前期早期诊断有一定预测价值。