Randomized controlled trial of alfacalcidol supplementation for the reduction of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of perioperative alfacalcidol on postoperative hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy.MethodsA total of 219 patients scheduled for total thyroidectomy were randomized into groups not receiving (group A) or receiving (group B) perioperative alfacalcidol. Postoperative hypocalcemia was compared between groups on postoperative day (POD) 1 and POD2. Patients with hypocalcemia (<2.00 mmol/L) received oral calcium supplementation. Calcium and vitamin D levels were measured at 5-week and 6-month follow-ups.ResultsThe incidence of symptomatic hypocalcemia was significantly lower in group A (P = .02), whereas similarly low levels of calcemia were observed in both groups on POD1 (37% and 30%, respectively; P = not significant) and persisted on POD2 (14% and 6%, respectively; P = not significant). Patients with severe hypocalcemia (<1.90 mmol/L) showed faster recovery in group A compared with group B (6% vs 1%, P = .04). At 5 weeks, calcium and vitamin D levels were similar between the groups. Six months after surgery, 4% (group A) versus 0% (group B) of subjects exhibited permanent hypoparathyroidism (P = .04).ConclusionsAlthough the treatment did not correct vitamin D deficiency, perioperative alfacalcidol uptake resulted in decreased transient hypocalcemia and related symptoms in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy.     

Landing on Your Own Two Feet: A Case Report of Bilateral Calcaneus and Open Pilon Fractures

High energy fractures of the distal tibial plafond and calcaneus have been associated with high functional morbidity and wound complications. Although both of these fractures result from a similar mechanism, they have rarely been reported to occur on an ipsilateral extremity. The combination of these 2 injuries on the same extremity would increase the likelihood of an adverse surgical or functional outcome. We present the case and management strategy of a 43-year-old male with bilateral open pilon fractures and closed calcaneal fractures after falling from a height. A staged protocol was used for the bilateral pilon fractures, with external fixation until operative fixation on day 9. Nonoperative management of the calcaneal fractures resulted in a successful functional outcome at 10 months of follow-up. Treatment of this fracture pattern must incorporate the condition of the soft tissues, an understanding of the fractures, and minimize patient risk factors to optimize the functional and surgical outcomes.     

封闭负压引流技术在开放骨折合并软组织缺损治疗中的作用

目的探讨封闭负压引流技术(VSD)在治疗开放骨折合并软组织缺损中的作用。方法应用VSD及内固定或外固定支架结合植皮或邻近皮瓣治疗25例开放骨折合并软组织缺损患者。结果患者均获随访,时间4~18个月。16例患者VSD术后5~7 d解除负压,经植皮治疗后创面均愈合;7例较严重开放骨折合并软组织缺损患者经2次VSD治疗后,给予植皮+邻近皮瓣转移覆盖创面后创面均愈合;2例严重开放骨折合并软组织缺损患者经3次VSD治疗后,行植皮+邻近皮瓣转移覆盖创面治疗后均获得愈合。结论 VSD能刺激肉芽组织生长,控制创面炎症,只需结合简单易行的植皮或邻近皮瓣应用即可理想地修复组织缺损创面。     

乳晕入路内镜下甲状腺切除术操作空间建立的研究

目的探讨在乳晕人路内镜下甲状腺切除术中建立操作空间的解剖平面。方法2012年6—12月45例行乳晕人路内镜下甲状腺切除术,注水针顶住胸骨柄在胸大肌浅筋膜的深面注射膨胀液,经胸骨上间隙进入颈深筋膜浅层后方建立操作空间。结果45例手术操作成功,分离操作空间的时间平均为6．8min（4～12min）。无神经及甲状旁腺损伤;无一例术后要求药物止痛;无皮肤灼伤、皮下瘀斑、皮下积液、颈部皮肤麻木;2例皮下脂肪液化经换药术后2周内治愈。术后颈部皮瓣水肿表现为胸骨上凹消失（38例）或隆起（7例）,1个月后均恢复正常,43例随访6～12个月,平均7．3月,诉颈部和胸壁皮肤绷紧感分别有24例和3例,在术后3～6个月内消失。结论在乳晕人路内镜下甲状腺切除术中,经胸大肌浅筋膜深面进入颈深筋膜浅层后方的方法建立操作空间简单、快速、暴露好,术后疼痛轻,皮肤并发症少。     

腔镜甲状腺切除术中加长型Trocar的临床应用

目的 探讨全乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除术中加长型Trocar的临床应用价值。方法 回顾性分析102例全乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除手术患者的临床资料,对比分析加长型Trocar组和普通型Trocar组患者术中颈胸部分离面积、手术时间、术中出血量、切口引流量、住院时间及术后并发症发生情况。结果 加长型Trocar组与普通型Trocar组相比,颈胸部分离面积小于后者（P＜0.05）,手术时间、术中出血量和术后引流量均明显短于或少于后者（P＜0.05）;普通型Trocar组并发症发生率明显高于加长型Trocar组（P＜0.05 ）。结论 加长型Trocar 应用于腔镜甲状腺手术可明显减小颈胸部分离面积,缩短手术时间,减少术后并发症的发生,值得推广应用。     

腹腔镜与开放手术治疗腹膜内型膀胱破裂的疗效比较

目的：比较腹腔镜与开放手术治疗腹膜内型膀胱破裂的疗效。方法50例腹膜内型膀胱破裂患者,26例行腹腔镜膀胱破裂修补术,24例行开放膀胱破裂修补术。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、肠道恢复时间、住院时间、止痛药的使用率及并发症的发生率。结果两组手术均顺利完成,腹腔镜组与开放组手术时间分别为（55．12±8．53）min 和（64．48±13．21）min,差异有统计学意义（P ＞0．05）;术中出血量分别为（54．24±5．38）ml 和（89．35±12．17）ml,P ＜0．05;肠道功能恢复时间分别为（23．24±2．39）h 和（38．42±6．98）h,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）;住院时间分别为（4．64±1．42）d 和（7．04±1．29）d,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）;止痛药的使用率分别为38．46％（10／26）和75．00％（18／24）,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）;术后并发症发生率分别为7．69％（2／26）和8．33％（2／24）,差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。结论与开放术式比较,腹腔镜治疗腹膜内型膀胱破裂具有创伤小、恢复快等优点。     

开腹和腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗妊娠期急性阑尾炎的对照研究

目的 比较开腹阑尾切除术（open appendectomy,OA）和腹腔镜阑尾切除术（laparoscopic appendectomy,LA）治疗妊娠期急性阑尾炎的安全性及疗效.方法 回顾性分析我院2008年1月至2013年1月收治的68例妊娠早、中期急性阑尾炎的临床资料,其中OA组36例,LA组32例,并进行比对分析.结果 两组病例手术均顺利完成,OA组和LA组在妊娠相关并发症发生率上无明显差异（P＞0.05）;而在术后肛门排气时间、住院时间及术后并发症上,LA组均明显优于OA组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 LA治疗妊娠早、中期急性阑尾炎是安全可行的,具有创伤小、术后恢复快、并发症少等优点.