犬蒸气吸入性损伤的实验研究——CT表现与病理对照

目的 :应用犬进行蒸气吸入性损伤的实验研究 ,探讨其肺部CT表现与病理对照。方法 :分别对 16条健康杂种犬蒸气吸入性损伤前、后进行肺部CT扫描 ,取其离体肺组织制成病理切片。将CT和病理结果进行分析、比较。结果 :CT可敏感地显示吸入性损伤犬的早期肺部改变。结论 :本实验为临床用无创伤性的检查手段来实现诊断早期吸入性损伤提供了可靠的实验依据     

七氟醚注入法紧闭麻醉

目的　设计注入法七氟醚紧闭麻醉的投药方案。方法　选择 2 2ASAⅡ～Ⅲ级择期胸部及上腹部手术病人 ,芬太尼 1.5 μg·kg-1,异丙酚 2mg·kg-1静脉快速诱导行气管插管。氧气流量 0 18～ 0 31·min-1,微量注射泵将七氟醚注入麻醉环路吸气支 ,维持成人呼气末靶浓度为 2 %、儿童 2 2 %。依据麻醉药药代动力学模型模拟值外推的公式计算出各时段的七氟醚注入量。结果　实测成人靶浓度中位数为 1 9% ,第 10～ 90百分点为 1 7%～ 2 2 %。预测偏性中位数为 - 6 .2 8% ;第 10～ 90百分点为 - 2 0 %～ 5 %。实施误差中位数为 13 71% ,第 10～ 90百分点为 5 %～ 2 0 %。麻醉期间偏性平均值为 - 3.5 1% ,95 %可信限为 - 2 3.5 2 %～ 16 .49%。平均值与 0比较无统计学差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　药代动力学模型模拟值外推的公式计算出各时段的七氟醚注入量可迅速达到并维持较稳定的呼气末靶浓度。不需要复杂地计算和频繁更变注入速率 ,仅利用微量注射泵和通用的麻醉机即可获得满意的麻醉效果。     

成年大鼠纹状体、边缘区和苍白球的计算机三维重建

目的　建立和了解成年大鼠纹状体、边缘区和苍白球在脑中的立体形态和相互关系 .方法　在大鼠脑的连续冠状切片 Nissl染色的基础上通过 Onyx2超级图形工作站应用计算机图形技术进行了三维重建 .结果　边缘区位于尾壳核和苍白球之间 ;尾壳核的立体形态呈近似的内凹半球形 ,从嘴侧到尾侧随着脑平面的增宽尾壳核逐渐向外侧 (即靠近外轮廓的方向 )移位 ,体积为 (37.77± 9) m m3,最大嘴尾径为 6 .2mm;最大背腹径为 4.9m m;最大内外径为 3.5 2 9mm.苍白球呈块形 ,位于尾壳核的内侧 ,除内侧外其他三个方向均被尾壳核包绕 ,体积为 (4.0 5± 0 .0 6 ) mm3,最大嘴尾径为 4.41mm,最大背腹径为 2 .6 45 mm ,最大内外径为 1.5 44 m m.边缘区呈现一个片状扇形结构 ,体积为 (0 .48± 0 .0 2 ) mm3,最大嘴尾径为 1.6 m m,最大背腹径为 2 .15 8m m,最大内外径为0 .17mm;同尾壳核和苍白球一样从嘴侧到尾侧随着脑平面的增宽边缘区亦逐渐向外侧 (即靠近外轮廓的方向 )移位 ,其移位的幅度亦明显大于脑平面增宽的幅度 ;整个边缘区从嘴侧到尾侧呈均匀变化 ,其片状逐渐变宽 ,长度 (背腹径 )逐渐变小 ,从而形成一个盘状结构 .结论　建立了大鼠脑纹状体、边缘区和苍白球的三维立体结构     

正常冈上肌腱乏血管区胶原分布的图像分析研究

目的 运用计算机图像分析方法研究正常冈上肌腱胶原分布的规律,以探讨胶原分布与冈上肌腱撕裂之间的联系。方法 动用组织化学及免疫组织化学方法染色获得的正常冈上肌腱切片标本,分为２组,即：距冈上肌腱止点１ｃｍ处为一组（Ａ组）,２ｃｍ处为另一组（Ｂ组）;并用计算机图像分析系统检测肌腱横切面上胶原所占面积百分比,所得数据用Ｓｐｓｓ８．０作统计学处理。结果 Ｍａｓｓｏｎ三重染色的切片中,Ａ组胶原所占横截面积百     

头高位倾斜时心血管反应的仿真

仿真头高位倾斜时心血管系统的反应,进一步研究有关立位应激的生理机制。方法以仿真下体负压时心血管反应的模型为基础,在血液重新分配子模中引入了重力致血液重新转移的环节,在压力反射控制子模型中考虑了心水平与颈动脉压力感受器间的流体静压差。     

Assessment of the value and pattern of use of a target controlled propofol infusion system

Summary Thirty one anaesthetists were supplied with a pharmacokinetic based target controlled propofol infusion system for evaluation. Twenty seven of 30 replies to a questionnaire sent to them indicated that the system had changed their use of propofol for maintenance of anaesthesia. The main reasons were greater ease of use and more confidence regarding the predictability of anaesthetic effects compared with manually controlled infusion. Data obtained from 770 patients anaesthetised with the system were analysed. The median maximum target concentration selected was 6.6 g/ml. Younger patients (18–35 yr) required significantly greater target concentrations than older patients (65–80 yr). The mean time during which the system was in maintenance mode, when the predicted blood concentration of propofol was held constant for at least one minute, was 26.1 minutes. The median number of alterations in propofol concentration was 6. The target controlled infusion system provided an inexpensive and acceptable method of delivering intravenous anaesthesia.     

NM-Win: A Personal Computer-Based Microsoft® Windows™ Front-End to NONMEM IV

A Microsoft Windows-based front-end, NM-Win, has been written to provide a more user-friendly environment to do nonlinear mixed effect modeling with the NONMEM program. NM-Win utilizes an object-oriented interface design which allows users to view and edit control, PRED, and/or data files using Windows Notepad. In addition, calls made to the Microsoft FORTRAN compiler and linker which generate the final NONMEN executable are performed simply by clicking the Run NONMEN button. During the executive step, iterations can be viewed in a window to check the progress of the run. Errors encountered while NONMEN or NM-TRAN is running are brought to a window for ease in debugging. Advanced options allow the user the flexibility of compiling user-written PRED files and creating linker response files. While the PC platform is not optimal for large data set or complex models, it does permit easier debugging and offers multitasking while Windows is running.     

An expert system to teach troubleshooting of common problems associated with the automated anesthesia recordkeeper

Automated anesthesia recordkeepers have been used to monitor patients during surgery in up to 90% of cases at The Ohio State University. The record-keeping devices are complex and can be difficult to troubleshoot. The 1st-CLASS Fusion Program, an expert system shell-program, has been programmed to allow the resident or nurse anesthetist to solve the two most common types of problems associated with the recordkeeper: printer problems and patient monitor problems. Use of this program allows the resident or nurse anesthetist to troubleshoot the recordkeeper quickly and accurately and promotes in the user a sense of competence and control over the technology.     

放射核素对鼻腔泪囊吻合术的评价

目的运用99mTcO4-放射性核素显像技术对鼻腔泪囊吻合术进行评价。方法用放射性核素显像技术对37例行鼻腔泪囊吻合术的慢性泪囊炎病人在手术前后进行检查,同时测定泪囊的横径。结果37例行手术的病人术后有32例显像通畅与随访结果相符;5例有并发症的仍不通畅。结纶核素显像技术能确切地反映鼻泪道状况,是一种切实可用的随访评价指标。女性患者泪囊横径随年龄增大而缩小,不同年龄组间有显著性差异。     

电脑纤维喉镜的开发及应用

目的：探讨电脑纤维喉镜的开发及在喉部疾病的临床应用价值。方法：采用自行开发的电脑软件处理分析图像,对９５例喉部疾病患者进行电脑纤维喉镜检查及治疗。结果：电脑纤维喉镜可显示喉部的正常结构,显示喉部疾病病变的位置及范围,电脑纤维喉镜的影像可被清晰放大,并可存贮资料、示教、会诊等。结论：电脑喉镜具有较高的临床应用价值。