Coffee Consumption and the Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in the Korean Population

BackgroundThere is a dearth of information regarding the association between coffee consumption and its health effects with respect to mortality among Korean people.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the association between coffee consumption and all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality risks in the Korean population.DesignThis prospective cohort study had a median follow-up period of 9.1 years.Participants/settingIn total, 173,209 participants aged 40 years and older from the Health Examinees study were enrolled between 2004 and 2013. The analytic sample included 110,920 participants without diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), or cancer at baseline who could be linked with their death information.Main outcome measuresDeaths of participants until December 31, 2018 were ascertained using the death certificate database of the National Statistical Office. Cause of death was classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision.Statistical analyses performedParticipants were categorized according to the amount and type of coffee consumed. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95%CI of all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality, such as CVD and cancer mortality.ResultsCompared with nonconsumers of coffee, participants who consumed > 3 cups/day had a reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.95). Participants who consumed ≤1 cup/day and 1 to 3 cups/day had a reduced risk of CVD mortality (≤1 cup/day: HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.94; 1 to 3 cups/day: HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.96).ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that greater coffee consumption is associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality and moderate coffee consumption (approximately 3 cups/day) is associated with a decreased risk of CVD mortality, regardless of the type of coffee, in a Korean population.     

A cohort study of smoking,alcohol consumption,and dietary factors for pancreatic cancer (United States)

Risk factors for pancreatic cancer were evaluated in a cohort study of 17,633 White men in the United States who responded to a mailed questionnaire in 1966 and were followed-up through 1986 for mortality. Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption were found to be important risk factors for pancreatic cancer. Risks increased significantly with number of cigarettes smoked, reaching fourfold for smokers of 25 or more cigarettes per day relative to nonsmokers. Alcohol intake also was related significantly to risk, with consumers of 10 or more drinks per month having three times the risk of nondrinkers, but dose-response trends among drinkers were not smooth. Coffee consumption was unrelated to risk. Dietaryanalyses revealed a rising rate of pancreatic cancer mortality with increasing consumption of meat after adjustment for other risk factors. Men in the highest quartile of meat intake had about three times the risk of those in the lowest quartile. No consistent association, however, was observed for consumption of fruits, vegetables, or grains. This study confirms cigarette smoking as an important risk factor for pancreatic cancer, and provides evidence that elevated intake of alcohol and meat may increase the risk of this fatal malignancy.Drs Zheng (at the time of this study), McLaughlin, Gridley, Silverman, Wacholder, Blot, and Fraumeni Jr. are with the Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. Dr Zheng is currently with the School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, as is Dr Schuman. Dr Bjelke is with the Center for Epidemiologic Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Mr Co-Chien is with Westat, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA. Address correspondence to Dr McLaughlin, Biostatistics Branch, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Blvd., Room 415, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.     

Nutrient profile of black coffee consumed in Serbia: Filling a gap in the food composition database

Accurate food composition data is essential in calculating the nutrient intake of a population based upon its consumption statistics. In the Serbian Food Composition Database (FCDB) there is a lack of reliable analytical data for black coffee, even though this is one of the most abundantly consumed beverages. In addition to evaluating the nutritional significance of black coffee consumption in Serbia, this work provides analytical data for inclusion in the Serbian FCDB, and the interchange through EuroFIR FoodEXplorer. Macronutrient, caffeine, chlorogenic acids (CGA), fatty acids and mineral content were analysed in a composite sample of roasted ground coffee, as well as in weak and strong infusions prepared in a traditional way. The macronutrient content of black coffee is in accordance with data from other FCDBs, confirming it to be of low-energy value and a modest contribution to the dietary intake of macronutrients. At the same time, consuming 200 mL (2 cups) of a strong infusion per day could provide more than 7.5% of the daily reference intake of potassium. The obtained results for caffeine and CGA in the investigated coffee infusions highlight the generally high daily consumption of these biologically active non-nutrient compounds among the Serbian population.     

Coffee bean polyphenols ameliorate postprandial endothelial dysfunction in healthy male adults

Abstract

To reveal the effect of coffee bean polyphenols (CBPs) on blood vessels, this study aimed to investigate the effect of CBPs on acute postprandial endothelial dysfunction. Thirteen healthy non-diabetic men (mean age, 44.9?±?1.4 years) consumed a test beverage (active: containing CBPs, placebo: no CBPs) before a 554-kcal test meal containing 14?g of protein, 30?g of fat and 58?g of carbohydrates. Then, a crossover analysis was performed to investigate the time-dependent changes in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the brachial artery. In the active group, the postprandial impairment of FMD was significantly improved, the two-hour postprandial nitric oxide metabolite levels were significantly increased and the six-hour postprandial urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α levels were significantly reduced compared to the placebo group. The test meal increased the levels of blood glucose, insulin and triglycerides in both groups with no significant intergroup differences. These findings indicate that CBPs intake ameliorates postprandial endothelial dysfunction in healthy men.     

Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease

Coffee seems to have distinct acute and long-term effects on health, which can be modified by genetic background. Coffee consumption is potentially protective against the development of type 2 diabetes, but given the lack of a solid biological basis for this association, and the possible adverse cardiovascular effects of coffee, recommendations for optimal coffee intake are difficult to establish.     

Alcohol use and problems in daily and non-daily coffee drinking college females

Background: For more than a decade, a large proportion of research on caffeine use in college students has focused on energy drinks (ED), demonstrating an association between ED consumption and heavy/problem alcohol use. The present study examined the relationship between daily coffee (DC) consumption and varied measures of alcohol use and problems in a sample of college women. Methods: Participants were undergraduate females (N = 360) attending an urban university in 2001–02 and prior to the rise in ED popularity on college campuses. Analyses compared women who reported drinking coffee daily (DC; 16.9%), to women who did not (non-daily coffee [NDC]; 83.1%) on standardized measures of alcohol use and problems. Results: For both past month and year of drinking, DC women generally reported consuming more alcohol and were 2.1–2.6 times more likely to screen at risk for alcohol problems than their NDC counterparts. DC women were also more likely than NDC women to report problems related to drinking (e.g., experiencing blackouts, inability to stop drinking after they had started). Conclusions: Findings support potential benefits of health education and screening that goes beyond EDs, focusing on varied forms of caffeine consumption.     

Commonly consumed beverages associate with different lifestyle and dietary intakes

Sugar sweetened beverages (SSB), artificially sweetened beverages (ASB), juice, coffee and tea has been associated with risk of metabolic disease. High consumption of these beverages may be associated with certain characteristics of the overall diet that would be important to take into account when analysing beverage-disease associations. Here, we investigate five beverages and their association with lifestyle and diet in 25,112 individuals from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort. We observed that high consumption of SSB was associated with lower intakes of foods perceived as healthy. However, high consumption of both tea and juice was associated with higher intakes of foods perceived as healthy. Further, high consumption of ASB was associated with higher intakes of low-fat products. High consumption of coffee was associated with higher intakes of meat and high-fat margarine, and lower intake of breakfast cereals. We observe five beverages to associate with different lifestyle and dietary patterns.