Coffee bean polyphenols ameliorate postprandial endothelial dysfunction in healthy male adults

Abstract

To reveal the effect of coffee bean polyphenols (CBPs) on blood vessels, this study aimed to investigate the effect of CBPs on acute postprandial endothelial dysfunction. Thirteen healthy non-diabetic men (mean age, 44.9?±?1.4 years) consumed a test beverage (active: containing CBPs, placebo: no CBPs) before a 554-kcal test meal containing 14?g of protein, 30?g of fat and 58?g of carbohydrates. Then, a crossover analysis was performed to investigate the time-dependent changes in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the brachial artery. In the active group, the postprandial impairment of FMD was significantly improved, the two-hour postprandial nitric oxide metabolite levels were significantly increased and the six-hour postprandial urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α levels were significantly reduced compared to the placebo group. The test meal increased the levels of blood glucose, insulin and triglycerides in both groups with no significant intergroup differences. These findings indicate that CBPs intake ameliorates postprandial endothelial dysfunction in healthy men.     

Absorption and urinary excretion of the coffee diterpenes cafestol and kahweol in healthy ileostomy volunteers

Abstract . de Roos B, Meyboom S, Kosmeijer-Schuil TG, Katan MB (Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands). Absorption and urinary excretion of the coffee diterpenes cafestol and kahweol in healthy ileostomy volunteers. J Intern Med 1998; 244 : 451–60.
Objectives To determine the absorption and urinary excretion of the cholesterol-raising coffee diterpenes cafestol and kahweol in humans.
Subjects and design Nine healthy ileostomists consumed a dose of one, two or three cups of French-press coffee together with a standardized breakfast on three separate days in random order. Subsequently, ileostomy effluent was collected for 14 h and urine for 24 h. Stability of cafestol and kahweol was also assessed under simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions.
Main outcome measures Absorption of diterpenes, stability of diterpenes during incubation with gastrointestinal fluids, and urinary excretion of diterpenes.
Results Corrected mean absorptions expressed as percentages of the amount consumed and the amount entering the duodenum were 67 and 88%, respectively, for cafestol, and 72 and 93%, respectively, for kahweol. We found losses of diterpenes during incubation in vitro with gastric juice (cafestol, 24%; kahweol, 32%), during storage with ileostomy effluent (cafestol, 18%; kahweol, 12%), and during freeze-drying (cafestol, 26%; kahweol, 32%). Mean excretion of glucuronidated plus sulphated conjugates in urine was 1.2% of the ingested amount for cafestol and 0.4% of the ingested amount for kahweol.
Conclusions About 70% of the ingested cafestol and kahweol is absorbed in ileostomy volunteers. Possibly, undetected metabolites are present in ileostomy effluent, resulting in lower absorption percentages. Only a small part of the diterpenes is excreted as a conjugate of glucuronic acid or sulphate in urine. Therefore, these compounds are extensively metabolized in the human body.     

Temporal sequence of incident cigarette,coffee, and alcohol use among AA participants

Background: Cigarettes and coffee are widely used psychoactive substances among alcoholics. Due to the devastating public health impact of alcohol use disorders, it is important to determine if using cigarettes or coffee may influence alcoholism. Previous studies indicate that cigarette smoking is associated with progression of alcohol dependence, but the effects of coffee drinking have yet to be investigated. Objectives: To retrospectively determine the temporal sequence of incident cigarette, coffee, and alcohol use and attributed subjective effects in AA participants. Methods: Volunteers at all Nashville open-AA meetings (n = 289 [126 women], completion rate = 94.1%) were administered a Lifetime Drinking History modified to also include lifetime cigarette and coffee consumption, as well as coffee consumption and effects questions, the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, and the Smoking Effects Questionnaire. Results: Average ages (years) at first regular use of alcohol, cigarettes, and coffee were 15.4 (IQR: 13.0–18.0), 16.7 (IQR: 13.0–18.5), and 18.5 (IQR: 14.0–23.5), respectively. In a subset who used all three substances (n = 236;102 women) alcohol consumption preceded cigarette smoking (p < .001) and coffee drinking (p < .001), and cigarette smoking preceded coffee drinking (p < .001); these relationships did not differ by gender. Conclusions: Recovering alcoholics started regular alcohol consumption prior to cigarette smoking and coffee drinking. Scientific Significance: In AA participants, coffee does not precede initiation of regular smoking or alcohol drinking as might be anticipated for a gateway drug.     

Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease

Coffee seems to have distinct acute and long-term effects on health, which can be modified by genetic background. Coffee consumption is potentially protective against the development of type 2 diabetes, but given the lack of a solid biological basis for this association, and the possible adverse cardiovascular effects of coffee, recommendations for optimal coffee intake are difficult to establish.     

Commonly consumed beverages associate with different lifestyle and dietary intakes

Sugar sweetened beverages (SSB), artificially sweetened beverages (ASB), juice, coffee and tea has been associated with risk of metabolic disease. High consumption of these beverages may be associated with certain characteristics of the overall diet that would be important to take into account when analysing beverage-disease associations. Here, we investigate five beverages and their association with lifestyle and diet in 25,112 individuals from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort. We observed that high consumption of SSB was associated with lower intakes of foods perceived as healthy. However, high consumption of both tea and juice was associated with higher intakes of foods perceived as healthy. Further, high consumption of ASB was associated with higher intakes of low-fat products. High consumption of coffee was associated with higher intakes of meat and high-fat margarine, and lower intake of breakfast cereals. We observe five beverages to associate with different lifestyle and dietary patterns.     

Risk factors of peptic ulcer disease: Different impact of Helicobacter pylori in Dutch and Japanese populations?

Helicobacter pylori, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, family history, blood group O, hyperpepsinogenaemia A, alcohol and smoking have been reported to be risk factors for peptic ulcer disease. The strength of causal risk factors may differ in different populations. In 215 Japanese and 493 Dutch employees of similar age, gender and type of occupation, a structured history was obtained using a questionnaire and fasting serum samples were analysed for IgG antibodies to H. pylori and pepsinogen A all in the same laboratory. A past ulcer history was verified through case notes. We found that H. pylori seropositivity, a high serum pepsinogen A and a family history of ulcer disease were significant and independent risk factors for peptic ulcer disease. For H. pylori seropositivity there was a 20-fold increased risk among the Dutch and an eight-fold increased risk among the Japanese. The seroprevalence of H. pylori was 90% in 20 Dutch subjects with a verified ulcer history and 95% in 41 Japanese ulcer subjects; it was 29% in Dutch non-ulcer subjects and 70% in Japanese non-ulcer subjects. The cumulative difference in risk to develop peptic ulcer disease at the age of 48 years between H. pylor-infected and -uninfected subjects was 24.5–3.0 = 21.5% for the Japanese and 11.8–0.5 = 11.3% for the Dutch. Duodenal ulcer disease was associated with a high coffee consumption only among the Japanese population, where this habit was much less prevalent than among the Dutch. In conclusion, the characterization of peptic ulcer risk factors as weak or strong has no universal basis: the present study shows that from a diagnostic point of view H. pylori appears to be a weaker risk factor for peptic ulcer disease in a society with a higher seroprevalence. However, from an aetiological point of view, H. pylori has an even greater impact on ulcer morbidity in the Japanese than in the Dutch population.     

Carbon Adsorbents from Spent Coffee for Removal of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange from Water

Activated carbons (ACs) were prepared from dried spent coffee (SCD), a biological waste product, to produce adsorbents for methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution. Pre-pyrolysis activation of SCD was achieved via treatment of the SCD with aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions at 90 °C. Pyrolysis of the pretreated SCD at 500 °C for 1 h produced powders with typical characteristics of AC suitable and effective for dye adsorption. As an alternative to the rather harsh base treatment, calcium carbonate powder, a very common and abundant resource, was also studied as an activator. Mixtures of SCD and CaCO₃ (1:1 w/w) yielded effective ACs for MO and MB removal upon pyrolysis needing only small amounts of AC to clear the solutions. A selectivity of the adsorption process toward anionic (MO) or cationic (MB) dyes was not observed.