Science to Practice: IT Solutions to Drive Standardized Report Recommendations for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Surveillance

Inadequate imaging surveillance has been identified as the most significant contributor to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture. Radiologists can contribute value to patient care and reduce morbidity and mortality related to AAA by incorporating evidence-based management recommendations from the ACR and Society of Vascular Surgery into their report impression. The challenges lie in achieving 100% radiologist compliance to incorporate the recommendations and ensuring that the patient is notified by their provider, the follow-up examination is scheduled, and the patient returns for an imaging test that may be scheduled 3 to 5 years in the future. To address these barriers, radiology quality and informatics leads have harnessed IT solutions to facilitate integration of content, communication of results, and patient follow-up.     

带中心孔植入式透镜（V4c-ICL）矫正高度近视的视觉质量研究

目的　观察高度近视患者植入带中心孔植入式透镜（implantable collamer lens，ICL）后的临床疗效和视觉相关的生活质量。方法　前瞻性病例研究。选取我院诊断为高度近视，并植入V4c-ICL患者25例（50眼）为研究对象。术前及术后1个月、3个月、6个月分别检查患者屈光状态，裸眼远、中、近视力，最佳矫正远视力，远视力矫正下中、近视力，双眼视力，眼压，角膜内皮细胞密度（corneal endothelial cell density，ECD），并进行国家眼科研究所视功能问卷-25（national eye institute-visual function questionnaire，NEI-VFQ-25）调查及评分。结果　高度近视患者植入V4c-ICL后不同时间球镜、柱镜、等效球镜（spherical equivalent，SE）度较术前均明显降低（F=884.35、17.15、810.25，均为P＜0.05）；术后不同时间裸眼远、中、近视力，最佳矫正远视力，远视力矫正下中、近视力和双眼视力较术前均明显改善（F=604.47、878.13、713.92、22.25、5.33、6.90、16.51，均为P＜0.05）。术前及术后随访期间眼压、ECD无明显变化（F=0.07、1.53，均为P＞0.05）；术后NEI-VFQ-25评分较术前明显提高（F=21.76，P＜0.05）。结论　高度近视患者植入V4c-ICL后屈光不正得到矫正、短期内屈光稳定，随访期间远、中、近视力明显提高，视觉相关的生活质量明显改善。V4c-ICL植入术治疗高度近视安全、有效。     

胶类中药的特点及现代研究分析

动物胶类药物在很多疾病的治疗和保健中发挥重要作用。许多古籍中均有以胶类入方治疗疾病的记载。近年来，胶类药物的相关研究逐渐增多，应用领域也在不断扩大。笔者通过对常用胶类药物的发展变化、药性归经、现代药理作用、临床应用、胶类新药开发前景、质量控制方法等方面的分析总结，整理出胶类中药的发展变迁及现代研究进展，为今后胶类药物的开发利用提供参考。     

Sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma of the head and neck: a multicentre study to examine safety,efficacy, and prognostic value

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is an accurate staging procedure for malignant melanoma but its use in patients with melanoma of the head and neck has been questioned in the past because of a perceived record of poor safety and accuracy. Technical improvements have sought to redress this. Vital structures and variable lymphatic pathways can make its use in the head and neck challenging. In our study we have examined the data and the experiences of clinicians from University Hospital Southampton and the Royal Surrey County Hospital. We retrospectively analysed the data and case notes of 143 patients who had SLNB to establish its safety, efficacy, and prognostic value. The detection rate of at least one sentinel lymph node was 100%. Nodes positive for metastatic melanoma were found in 20% of patients. Of them, 76% went on to have completion lymphadenectomy. Multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that positive SLNB was a strong predictor of reduced overall survival for all Breslow-thickness melanomas (HR = 3.9, p = 0.019) and intermediate melanomas (HR = 6.3, p = 0.007). It predicted reduced recurrence-free survival for all melanomas (HR = 7.4, p < 0.001) and was a strong predictor for those of intermediate thickness (HR = 8.3, p < 0.001). The false negative rate was 9.4% and false omission rate 2.6%. Temporary and permanent morbidity rates were 2.1% and 0%, respectively. SLNB for melanoma in the head and neck is a safe, accurate staging procedure that offers prognostically useful information. The upstaging of disease allows access to trial-based targeted treatments.     

矿化胶原材料及其在口腔临床中应用研究进展

矿化胶原材料是由胶原和羟基磷灰石组成的新型、有效的骨替代材料，多通过体外仿生学方法合成，模拟天然骨质的化学组成和结构，是一种严格的三维等级序列的多孔材料。因其具有良好的机械性能、生物相容性、骨传导性、骨诱导性和生物降解性等特性，在口腔医学中作为修复材料被广泛应用。文章就矿化胶原材料的性质、分类及其在口腔临床中的应用做一综述，以期为以后科学使用该种材料奠定基础。