临床护理路径在臀肌挛缩症患者健康教育中的应用

目的 探讨应用临床护理路径对臀肌孪缩症患者健康教育的效果。方法 将60例臀肌挛缩症患者分为对照组（n=30）和实验组（n=30），对照组采用常规教育方法，实验组按制定好的健康教育路径进行教育，将两组患者的健康教育达标率、对护理工作的满意度进行比较。结果 两组患者在健康教育达标率、对护理工作的满意度方面比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论 对臀肌挛缩症患者运用护理手段进行健康教育后提高了患者的健康教育达标率，提高了护理工作的满意度，效果优于常规教育方法。     

The basis for treatment in multiple sclerosis

Contemporary licensed treatments for multiple sclerosis fail to provide a solution for the disease because their effects are limited to a modest reduction in the frequency of new episodes. They do not reduce disability or materially influence the progressive phase of the disease. A contemporary strategy for management requires a more detailed analysis of the separate contributions to the clinical features and overall course made by inflammation, axonal injury, compensatory mechanisms, and remyelination. From this formulation emerges the need either for early and fully effective suppression of the inflammatory response, limiting the damage to all components of the axon-glial unit; or the development of strategies for axonal and myelin repair that solve the issues of controlled differentiation, delivery and timing of these cell and growth factor-based interventions.     

Comparison of 2 chlorhexidine mouthwashes on plaque regrowth in vivo and dietary staining in vitro

Abstract Until recently, the few available chlorhexidine mouthrinse products have been 0.2% formulations. However, concentrations of 0.12% chlorhexidine appear as effective as 0.2%, if the volume of the rinse is increased to 15 ml. Since the mere incorporation of chlorhexidine in a formulation does not guarentee availability of the antiseptic, it would seem reasonable to evaluate or compare all products. This is particularly the case when other ingredients, such as fluoride are added. The 1st study compared the effect of a 0.12% chlorhexidine rinse with a 0.12% chlorhexidine/0.022% sodium fluoride rinse for effects on plaque re-growth. The study was a 7-day, blind, randomised, 2-cell cross-over design with a baseline control run in period, in which 18 subjects participated. Both chlorhexidine products significantly reduced plaque compared to control but the chlorhexidine fluoride rinse was less effective than the chlorhexidine only rinse. The 2nd study assessed the propensity of the chlorhexidine rinses to induce dietary staining in vitro. For the chlorhexidine fluoride rinse, this was less than the other 0.12% rinse and a commonly used 0.2% product. The data in vivo and in vitro suggest reduced chlorhexidine availability from the chlorhexidine fluoride product which appears to cause some loss of efficacy.     

Clinical course and outcome of cycloid psychotic disorder: a three-year prospective study

The course and outcome of cycloid psychotic disorder was explored by means of a prospective three-year follow-up of a sample of patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for the disorder provided by Perris & Brockington, compared to patients with a diagnosis of affective or schizoaffective disorder. The most striking difference between cycloids and affectives was the lack of manic episodes during the follow-up period in the former group. Moreover, the mean age at onset was lower in cycloids. No difference between these patient groups was observed with regard to outcome. Compared to schizoaffectives, cycloids showed several differences in the clinical picture during the index episode, and their symptomatological pattern was more consistent from one episode to another during the follow-up. Moreover, the outcome of cycloids was significantly more favourable than that of schizodepres-sives.     

Diagnosis of fetal rubella infection by nucleic acid hybridization

The efficacy of nucleic acid hybridization for the diagnosis of rubella infection in experimental and clinical materials was compared with immunoblot and virus isolation techniques. Our results showed that nucleic acid hybridization is specific and rapid but gives false-negative results when compared with conventional virus isolation in some experimental although not in clinical materials so far examined. For this reason, a failure to demonstrate rubella virus in fetal specimens by this method alone cannot yet be taken as a sole criterion for ruling out fetal rubella infection.     

Monitoring of skin response to sodium lauryl sulphate: clinical scores versus bioengineering methods

The present trial was designed to evaluate clinical scores (single observer) of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS)-induced skin irritation in a group of subjects (n = 10) over a 10-day period along with various skin function parameters. In order to avoid significant variations due to secondary phenomena, the following parameters were recorded with non-invasive instruments in this order: skin capacitance (C1; arbitrary units; CM420 Corneometer), transepidermal water loss (TEWL; g/m2.h; Evaporimeter) and laser Doppler flowmetry (CBFV: cutaneous blood flow values; Periflux). All examinations were performed during winter on reclined relaxed subjects present for at least 10 min in a test room with controlled temperature and relative humidity (t degrees: 19.5-20.7 degrees C and RH: 47.3-60.3%). The analysis of differential data (delta = value at tx-value before test; 2-way ANOVA) was made on single parameters as a function of site (volar forearm versus neck) and time (from 24 h after 48-h occlusion with 5% SLS up to 10 days later). The profile of erythema scores over time differed between neck and forearm, but the delta CBFV readings with the laser Doppler instrument did not detect significant site-time interactions. Roughness (blind evaluation with palpating finger) and capacitance readings (delta C1) showed significant differences between sites, but the profile over time was similar in both locations. delta TEWL did not differ according to anatomical location. The reason for different erythema scores on neck and forearm might be related to inherent regional variation of optical properties of the skin or to a substantial contribution of SLS-induced roughness to the readings of erythema.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Evaluation of stroke rehabilitation by randomized controlled studies: a review

In all, 22 reports of 20 randomized, controlled rehabilitation studies were evaluated. In 18 of these, the design of the trial was parallel, with a cross-over format being employed in the remaining 2 instances. Seven studies related to intensive rehabilitation during the early post-acute period. In six others, specific techniques--sometimes associated with traditional physiotherapy procedures--were compared: biofeedback, perceptual retraining, and amphetamine treatment. Eight experiments evaluated speech therapy in aphasia. Frequently, methodological considerations limited the interpretation of the results. The review showed that: 1) as regards activities of daily life and motor function, differences as between rehabilitation in stroke units on the one hand and non-rehabilitation or rehabilitation in medical wards on the other, were detected in relatively few quality studies and remained particularly inconclusive insofar as life in the home environment was concerned; 2) rehabilitation for aphasia and perceptual dysfunction proved effective for at least several months after acute stroke; 3) in general, examination of the reports cited revealed no differences in the effects of biofeedback and perceptual retraining vs conventional physiotherapy; 4) rehabilitation, whether administered by specialists or amateur caregivers purpose-trained by specialists, proved equally effective for aphasia. These conclusions constitute a valuable basis for the development and evaluation of modern rehabilitation programs for stroke patients.     

Does an oral analgesic protocol improve pain control for patients with cancer? An intergroup study coordinated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group

BACKGROUND: Cancer pain is highly prevalent and commonly undertreated. This study was designed to determine whether dissemination of a clinical protocol for pain management would improve outcomes in community oncology practices. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A pain management protocol was developed based on accepted guidelines. After baseline assessment, oncology practices were randomly assigned to 'analgesic protocol' (AP) sites, where oncologists implemented the guidelines in a group of lung or prostate cancer patients, or to 'physician discretion' (PD) sites, where customary treatment was continued. Patients treated on protocol and a comparison group of patients with pain due to breast cancer or myeloma were monitored for change in pain using the Brief Pain Inventory, and for change in other symptoms or mood. RESULTS: The protocol terminated early because of poor accrual. We compared groups using proportions of patients who had no or mild pain at follow-up. Although measures of protocol adherence did not suggest the occurrence of major practice change, the proportion of lung or prostate cancer patients with no or mild pain increased significantly from baseline for those treated at AP sites compared with those treated at PD sites. There was no significant difference between the breast and myeloma patients treated at AP sites versus those treated at PD sites. CONCLUSION: A protocol for cancer pain management can improve pain control. Diffusion of these benefits to other patients was not confirmed. Given the small sample size, these findings require confirmation in a larger trial.     

进展性缺血性脑卒中30例临床分析

目的:探讨进展性缺血性脑卒中:30例患者的危险因素。方法:分析了30例进展性缺血性脑卒中患者的血压、血糖、血脂及纤维蛋白原指标与30例非进展性缺血脑卒中患者指标对照,并进行统计学处理。结果:进展性缺血性脑卒中患者合并高血压例数明显高于对照组(P<0.01),血糖,血脂和纤维蛋白原指标也高于对照组(P<0.01,0.05)。结论:高血压,糖尿病,高血脂和高纤维蛋白原血症是进展性缺血性脑卒中的危险因素。     

小儿重肾31例分析

目的　探讨小儿重肾的诊断及治疗。方法　对我院 1989～ 2 0 0 1年收治的 3 1例小儿重肾进行回顾性分析。结果　 3 1例中有 2 3例患儿接受 2 6次手术 ,有 16例行上半重肾及输尿管切除 ,其中有 2例须处理输尿管残端及盲袋所致的梗阻。 2 2例手术后恢复较好 ,仅 1例伴有轻度的尿失禁。结论　对于重肾伴肾积水或发育不良所致的各种临床表现应首先考虑做上半肾及输尿管大部切除术。B超、CT及静脉肾盂造影术 (IVP)对诊断分型有意义。