皮质发育障碍模型的建立及其致痫敏感性的研究

目的:建立皮质发育障碍模型,探讨皮质发育障碍模型的敏感性。方法:在SD大鼠孕17d腹腔注入1,3-二氯乙烯-亚硝基脲(BCNU)制作皮质发育障碍模型;Nissl染色观察P60d仔鼠病理变化;选取P60d雄性仔鼠,腹腔注射氯化锂-毛果芸香碱,分别比较两组大鼠癫发生的潜伏期、持续状态时间和死亡率。结果:同龄仔鼠脑组织湿重实验组比对照组显著减轻(P<0.01);Nissl染色显示皮质变薄、皮质层次紊乱、海马区域异位细胞异常聚集;有皮质发育障碍的仔鼠注射氯化锂-毛果芸香碱后,癫发生的潜伏期显著缩短(P<0.01),癫持续状态时间延长(P<0.01),死亡率显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:BCNU致皮质发育障碍模型具有癫易感性。     

上肢骨肿瘤切除后的自体骨移植重建

目的探讨应用自体骨移植对上肢骨肿瘤切除后的骨缺损修复重建的效果。方法1998年8月～2004年3月，收治上肢骨肿瘤切除后的骨缺损16例。男8例，女8例。年龄7～45岁。经病理确诊，肱骨近端尤文肉瘤和骨肉瘤各1例；肱骨远端尤文肉瘤2例；桡骨远端骨巨细胞瘤8例，高分化软骨肉瘤2例，恶性纤维组织细胞瘤和骨肉瘤各1例。2例肱骨近端肿瘤行自体锁骨代肱骨；2例肱骨远端肿瘤行自体腓骨代肱骨；12例桡骨远端肿瘤中，1例行自体髂骨移植，11例行自体腓骨代桡骨进行重建。采用MSTS系统进行术后功能评价。结果2例肱骨近端自体锁骨移植患者分别随访36个月和12个月，术后保持部分肩关节前屈和后伸功能，但外展功能丧失；MSTS评分分别为23分和22分。2例肱骨远端自体腓骨移植患者分别随访4个月和6个月，肘关节功能良好，移植骨连接处已经出现骨愈合；MSTS功能评分分别为24分和19分。12例桡骨远端自体骨移植患者中11例随访6～75个月，功能良好，无明显并发症；1例髂骨植骨的桡骨远端骨巨细胞瘤术后3个月移植骨完全愈合，至今随访75个月，肿瘤无复发。MSTS功能评分18~27分，平均22．6分。结论自体骨移植在上肢骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损的重建，尤其是儿童的骨缺损重建中，是一种较好的方法。     

Food preservatives sodium sulfite and sorbic acid suppress mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Antioxidant preservatives prolong the quality of food and ensure the nutritional adequacy, palatability and safety of many processed foods and beverages. Effects of sodium sulfite (E221) and sorbic acid (E200) were investigated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) which were purified from blood of healthy donors. Cells were stimulated with the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin in vitro, which induces proliferation of T-cells and the production of Th1-type cytokines like interferon-γ. The latter triggers enzyme indoleamine (2,3)-dioxygenase, which degrades tryptophan, and GTP cyclohydrolase I, which leads to increased neopterin production, in monocyte-derived macrophages. Sodium sulfite and sorbic acid suppressed both these biochemical changes in a dose-dependent way (P < 0.01 at 1 mM sodium sulfite and 50 mM sorbic acid). Data demonstrate a suppressive influence of sodium sulfite and sorbic acid on the activated Th1-type immune response.     

谷氨酰胺在危重病患者中的应用

目的探讨危重病患者中早期经静脉应用谷氨酰胺（glutamine，Gl）的临床价值。方法42例患者随机分成两组（对照组和Gln组），Gln组进行Gln治疗（100mL／d，共7d）。治疗前后检测患者体质量、白蛋白、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、握力的变化和肠功能不全的发生率。结果体质量两组治疗前后比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。白蛋白、握力和GSH Gl治疗后非常显著高于治疗前（P〈0．01）；白蛋白对照组治疗后较治疗前显著增高（P〈0．05），但握力和GSH治疗前后均无显著变化（P〉0.05）；肠功能不全的发生率Gln组为4．8％，显著低于对照组（28．6％，P〈0．05）。结论在危重病患者疾病早期通过静脉途径外源性地补充Gln，有效改善了患者的营养状况；使患者血浆中的GSH水平增高，加强了机体的抗氧化能力；减少了患者肠功能不全的发生率。     

软硬腭前移鼻咽下口扩大术初步报告

目的:运用软硬腭前移的手术方法扩大鼻咽下口,改善因鼻咽部狭小致阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的呼吸暂停症状。方法:手术切除硬腭后份使其缩短、悬雍垂软腭成形并将软腭拉向前,扩大鼻咽下口。结果:患者术后自觉症状及客观评价疗效满意。结论:软硬腭前移鼻咽下口扩大显著改善鼻咽下口狭小导致的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者的症状。     

LONG‐TERM FOLLOW UP OF PATIENTS WITH SMALL GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMORS IN THE STOMACH USING ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY‐GUIDED FINE‐NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are one of the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. GIST are defined by positive immunohistochemical staining for KIT or CD34 and thus are generally diagnosed after surgery. Because small GIST are rarely diagnosed before surgery, the clinical course of these small tumors is not clear. The aim of the present study was to follow changes in size and configuration of small GIST that were pathologically confirmed using endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (EUS‐FNAB). Methods: Between July 1997 and December 2003, 16 tumors in 16 patients (10 men and 6 women) with an immunohistochemical diagnosis of GIST were regularly followed in our hospital. The median patient age when EUS‐FNAB was performed was 62 years (range 26–82 years) and the median follow‐up period was 4.9 years (range 0.5–9.6 years). Results: Fourteen tumors showed no remarkable changes in size and shape during follow up compared with the initial diagnosis. Two tumors enlarged: one tumor approximately doubled its diameter in 8 years and the other tumor increased from 1.8 cm at diagnosis to up to 10 cm after only 2 years. Doubling time of the latter tumor was calculated as 3.1 months. Conclusions: We conclude that EUS‐FNAB might be a good modality for final diagnosis of GIST without surgery, and that GIST without rapid growth on follow up can be endoscopically followed.     

胰腺导管癌中血管生成、细胞增殖指数、DNA倍性检测的临床意义

目的:探讨血管生成、细胞增殖指数、DNA倍性在胰腺导管癌发生、发展中的作用及临床意义。方法:对29例胰腺导管癌和7例慢性胰腺炎患者的石蜡包埋标本作苏木精鄄伊红(HE)染色,CD34、Ki67免疫组织化学染色,镜下计算微血管密度(MVD)及Ki67阳性细胞比例,同时用流式细胞仪(FCM)检测细胞核DNA倍性,计算异倍体出现率及S期比例,并结合临床病理资料对各项指标作相关分析。结果:胰腺导管癌和慢性胰腺炎都有较多的新生血管。MVD值在胰腺导管癌高、中、低分化3组之间差异无显著性。按肿瘤直径分为≤1.5cm、1.6～2.9cm、≥3cm3组,此3组间MVD值、Ki67阳性细胞百分率、DNA异倍体出现率及肿瘤周围有无浸润的差异都非常显著(P<0.01)。肿瘤越大,MVD值、Ki67阳性细胞百分率及DNA异倍体出现率越高。结论:胰腺导管癌的发生、发展伴血管生成和DNA合成增加,联合测定MVD、Ki67阳性细胞百分率、DNA倍型可能为胰腺导管癌临床预后预测提供辅助参考指标。     

Erythematous and reticular forms of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid reactions differ in pathological features related to disease activity

BACKGROUND: Common clinical forms of oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid reactions (OLR) are erythematous (ERY) or reticular (RET). The purpose of this study was to find histopathological changes that differ between these forms. METHODS: Epithelial thickness, epithelial proliferation rate, apoptosis, and HLA-DR expression were compared among 10 reticular and 12 erythematous lesions, and 11 normal oral mucosa samples (NOM). RESULTS: The epithelium in ERY was thinner than in NOM, whereas RET showed values between ERY and NOM. Cell proliferation increased significantly in ERY as compared with RET and NOM, with no difference between RET and NOM. Relative numbers of epithelial cell nuclei displaying visible chromatin condensation were reduced in ERY form. CONCLUSIONS: The markedly increased cell proliferation in ERY supports the notion that this form displays a higher disease activity as compared to RET. It can therefore be important to study each disease form separately.     

Ureteral carcinoid tumor

Most ureteral tumors are transitional cell neoplasms. Neuroendocrine tumors of the genitourinary tract are extremely rare. To our knowledge, only one ureteral carcinoid tumor has been reported before. We report a second case of ureteral carcinoid tumor found in a 70-year-old female.     

An experimentally supported, mathematical explanation of the gas chromatographic elution behaviour of the long-chain carbon members of the homologous series

By substituting the saturated vapour phase tension of the pure normal hydrocarbons described by the Clausius-Clapeyron law into the accepted expression of the specific retention volume (V_g,T), a theoretically coherent and relatively simple mathematical evidence of the elution behaviour of the homologous members has been deduced. It gives exponential retention time dependence on carbon number for isothermal, and nearly equidistant (i.e., approximately linear retention-time dependence on carbon number) elution for linear temperature programmed gas chromatographic runs. The final equations are in close correlation with the experimental results. Special emphasis is placed on the fact that a good approximation—not strict physical laws—have been found.