MRI在检测肺癌肋骨转移的价值分析

目的评价胸部MRI在肺癌肋骨转移检测的价值,尤其在术前的检测价值。方法回顾性搜集54例在本院行全身骨显像、胸部CT和胸部MRI三项检查并经病理组织学和/或细胞学证实为肺癌的患者资料,比较三项影像学检查对肋骨转移病例和病灶检出的敏感性、特异性和准确性,并采用χ2检验。结果 54例中,有30例患者(120个病灶)确诊为多发性肋骨转移。MRI与CT、骨显像间对病灶检出的敏感性和准确性有统计学差异(χ2=14.294,P=0.001;χ2=15.181,P=0.001;均P<0.05)。结论 MRI对肺癌肋骨转移的检出优于CT和骨显像,MRI对肺癌肋骨转移的筛查、监测、临床诊断尤其是术前诊断具有肯定的临床价值。     

转移性骨肿瘤漏误诊原因的影像学分析

目的 分析转移性骨肿瘤漏、误诊的原因,提高对该病影像诊断水平。材料与方法 回顾分析资料完整的转移性骨肿瘤１０５例,其原发肿瘤主要为肺癌、前列腺癌、消化道癌及乳等。所有病例均摄Ｘ线平片,其中ＣＴ检查３１例,ＭＲ检查２１例,ＥＣＴ检查３４例。结果 骨转移瘤以多发、溶骨型为主。初次影像检查漏、误诊分别为：Ｘ线平片３５例,ＣＴ５例,ＭＲ及ＥＣＴ各１例。结论 影像检查首选ＥＣＴ和Ｘ线平片,有条件时最好作ＣＴ     

Prevalence of lymph nodes in the apex of level V: a plea against the necessity to dissect the apex of level V in mucosal head and neck cancer

BACKGROUND: We assessed the prevalence of histologically proven normal or invaded lymph nodes in the apex of level V. METHODS: Seventy neck dissections were performed in 41 patients with mucosal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Fifty-one neck dissections were performed in 30 previously untreated patients (group 1); 19 neck dissections were carried out in 11 patients previously irradiated (group 2). RESULTS: Pathologic analysis was unable to identify any lymph node in 70% of the apex specimens. In group 1, no lymph nodes were detected in 63%, whereas one or more noninvaded lymph nodes were present in 37%; in group 2, no lymph nodes were identified in 89%, whereas one or more normal lymph nodes were found in 11% (p = .03). Metastatic lymph nodes were never identified. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of lymph nodes in the apex was 30%. No invaded lymph nodes were identified. In addition to anatomic evidence, these results suggest that dissection of the apex is not necessary in mucosal head and neck SCC.     

Isolated Hepatic Perfusion for the Treatment of Patients With Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases After Irinotecan-Based Therapy

Background Irinotecan given with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin is currently used as first-line therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the response duration is <1 year, and second-line systemic chemotherapy has limited efficacy. We analyzed the efficacy of isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) for patients with progressive CRC liver metastases after irinotecan.Methods Between March 1993 and February 2003, 124 patients with CRC liver metastases underwent IHP on institutional review board–approved protocols. The overall treatment mortality was 4% (5 of 124). Twenty-five patients (10 women and 15 men; mean age, 53 years) were identified who had progressive liver metastases by carcinoembryonic antigen, imaging studies, or both after irinotecan. A 1-hour hyperthermic IHP (mean hepatic temperature, 40.0°C) with melphalan 1.5 mg/kg (mean total dose, 100 mg) was administered via laparotomy. Perfusion with an oxygenated extracorporeal circuit was established with inflow via a cannula in the gastroduodenal artery and common hepatic artery inflow occlusion. Outflow was via a cannula in an isolated segment of the inferior vena cava. During IHP, portal and inferior vena caval flow were shunted to the axillary vein. Patients were assessed for radiographical response, recurrence pattern, and survival.Results The mean number of prior irinotecan cycles in 25 patients was 6 (range, 2–14), and it was given primarily as second-line therapy. The median number of liver metastases before IHP was 10 (range, 1–50), and the median percentage of hepatic replacement by tumor was 25%. The mean operative time was 9 hours (range, 6–12 hours), and the median hospital stay was 11 days (range, 8–76 days). There was 1 complete response and there were 14 partial responses in 25 patients (60%), with a median duration of 12 months (range, 5–35 months). Disease progressed systemically in 13 of 25 patients at a median of 5 months (range, 3–16 months). The median overall survival was 12 months (range, 1–47 months), and the 2-year survival was 28%.Conclusions For patients with progressive CRC liver metastases after irinotecan, IHP has good efficacy in terms of response rate and duration. Continued evaluation of IHP with melphalan as second-line therapy in this clinical setting is justified.     

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for resection of metastatic adenocarcinoma as an acceptable alternative

Background  Adenocarcinomas commonly metastasize to the lungs and can be resected using open thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). This study reviews metastatic resections in primary adenocarcinoma patients, using both thoracotomy and VATS. We aim to compare long-term prognoses to test the efficacy and viability of VATS. Methods  A retrospective review of primary adenocarcinoma patients who underwent resection of pulmonary metastases from 1990 to 2006 was carried out. Information was obtained by chart review. Endpoints analyzed were disease-free interval (DFI), survival time, and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Results  In a total of 42 (16 male, 26 female; median age 58.5 years) primary adenocarcinoma patients, 21 patients underwent first pulmonary metastatic resection using VATS (7 male, 14 female; median age 57 years) and 21 using thoracotomy (9 male, 12 female; median age 59 years). Primary adenocarcinomas were mainly 27 colorectal (64%) and 11 breast (26%). Two VATS (10%) and three open patients (14%) had local recurrences of the original cancer. Median postoperative follow was 13.3 months [interquartile range (IQR) 4.5–32.8 months] for VATS and 36.9 months (IQR 19.3–48.6 months) after thoracotomy. Median DFI–1 was 22.3 months (IQR 13.5–40.6 months) for VATS patients and 35.6 months (IQR 26.7–61.3 months) for open patients. Second thoracic occurrences were noted in six VATS patients (median DFI–2 9.2 months), and in seven open patients (median DFI-2 21.5 months). Third thoracic occurrences were noted in one VATS patient (DFI-3 18.7 months) and in one thoracotomy patient (DFI-3 21.8 months). Odds ratio of recurrence showed 12.5% less chance of developing recurrence in VATS patients. Five-year RFS was 53% in VATS and 57% in thoracotomy patients. Conclusions  VATS has become a viable alternative to open thoracotomy for resection of pulmonary metastases. In cases of primary adenocarcinoma, VATS showed no increase in number of thoracic recurrences, and comparable RFS. Short-term follow-up is encouraging; long-term follow-up will be needed to confirm these results.     

Bone metastases as the initial presentation of carcinoma of gall bladder: a rarity

Distant metastases are rare form of presentation of carcinoma gall bladder. Bony pain as initial presentation is quite unusual. A 50-year-old woman presented with the pain in right shoulder. Investigation showed metastatic adenocarcinoma in the head of humerus and the primary was found in the gall bladder. She received local radiotherapy for bone metastases and undergoing systemic chemotherapy. Carcinoma gall bladder is a common abdominal malignancy, mostly presenting in advanced stage with abdominal symptoms and obstructive jaundice. In presence of metastasis, the management is palliative and role of chemotherapy is limited for palliation symptoms.     

Repetitive transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) of liver metastases from gastric cancer: Local control and survival results

Objective

To evaluate the local tumor control and survival data after transarterial chemoembolization with different drug combinations in the palliative treatment of patients with liver metastases of gastric cancer.

Materials and methods

The study was retrospectively performed. 56 patients (mean age, 52.4) with unresectable liver metastases of gastric cancer who did not respond to systemic chemotherapy were repeatedly treated with TACE in 4-week intervals. In total, 310 chemoembolization procedures were performed (mean, 5.5 sessions per patient). The local chemotherapy protocol consisted of mitomycin alone (30.4%), mitomycin and gemcitabine (33.9%), or mitomycin, gemcitabine and cisplatin (35.7%). Embolization was performed with lipiodol and starch microspheres. Local tumor response was evaluated by MRI according to RECIST. Survival data from first chemoembolization were calculated according to the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

The local tumor control was: complete response in 1.8% (n = 1), partial response in 1.8% (n = 1), stable disease in 51.8% (n = 29) and progressive disease in 44.6% (n = 25) of patients. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rate from the start of chemoembolization were 58%, 38%, and 23% respectively. The median and mean survival times were 13 and 27.1 months. A Statistically significant difference between patients treated with different chemotherapy protocols was noted (ρ = 0.045) with the best survival time in the mitomycin, gemcitabine and cisplatin group.

Conclusion

Transarterial chemoembolization is a minimally invasive therapy option for palliative treatment of liver metastases in patients with gastric cancer.     

小剂量X射线全身照射提高小鼠抗瘤能力的整体和离体研究

本文作者利用肿瘤血道转移和自发转移模型，从整体和离体两方面观察７５ｍＧｙＸ射线全身照射对小鼠抗瘤能力的影响。结果发现：①与假照组相比，照射组小鼠Ｂ１６黑色素瘤血道肺转移结节数明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；过继转移至同系小鼠体内的脾细胞，可明显抑制Ｌｅｗｉｓ肺癌（ＬＬＣ）的局部生长和自发肺转移（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）。②与假照组相比，体外检测照射组小鼠脾细胞对ＣｏｎＡＩＬ－２反应性增强（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＮＫ活性明显提高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；体内检测其巨噬细胞功能也显著增强（Ｐ＜０．０１），１２５ＩＵｄＲ标记黑色素瘤细胞在肺内的存留率显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。上述结果提示，小剂量辐射可明显提高小鼠的抗瘤能力；机体免疫功能的增强可能是其抗肿瘤效应的主要机理之一。     

A Nomogram for Predicting the Likelihood of Additional Nodal Metastases in Breast Cancer Patients With a Positive Sentinel Node Biopsy

Background:The standard of care for breast cancer patients with sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases includes complete axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). However, many question the need for complete ALND in every patient with detectable SLN metastases, particularly those perceived to have a low risk of non-SLN metastases. Accurate estimates of the likelihood of additional disease in the axilla could assist greatly in decision-making regarding further treatment.Methods:Pathological features of the primary tumor and SLN metastases of 702 patients who underwent complete ALND were assessed with multivariable logistic regression to predict the presence of additional disease in the non-SLNs of these patients. A nomogram was created using pathological size, tumor type and nuclear grade, lymphovascular invasion, multifocality, and estrogen-receptor status of the primary tumor; method of detection of SLN metastases; number of positive SLNs; and number of negative SLNs. The model was subsequently applied prospectively to 373 patients.Results:The nomogram for the retrospective population was accurate and discriminating, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.76. When applied to the prospective group, the model accurately predicted likelihood of non-SLN disease (ROC, 0.77).Conclusions:We have developed a user-friendly nomogram that uses information commonly available to the surgeon to easily and accurately calculate the likelihood of having additional, non-SLN metastases for an individual patient.Drs. Manasseh and Bevilacqua contributed equally to the work.Dr. Bevilacqua is currently affiliated with Hospital Sírio Libanes, Instituto Brasileiro de Controle do Câncer, and Disciplina de Cirurgia Geral, Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina da Univerdidade de Sao Paulo. São Paulo, Brazil; Dr. Boolbol is currently affiliated with Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York.     

多层螺旋CT对胰腺癌转移淋巴结的诊断能力初步分析

目的:分析多层螺旋CT对胰腺癌转移淋巴结的诊断能力。方法:自2005年11月～2007年3月对87例临床疑诊为胰腺肿瘤的患者行多层螺旋CT薄层扫描,根据三维重建影像学结果确定腹部淋巴结肿大情况;17例行胰腺肿瘤根治手术,其中13例确诊为胰腺腺癌;切除标本由病理科医师确定淋巴结位置及是否转移,将影像学数据与病理结果对照分析。结果:按照外形特征及淋巴结位置,CT图像中共有41枚淋巴结可与病理结果对应,其中16枚(39.0%)转移阳性,短轴直径与非转移组淋巴结比较无统计意义(P=0.27)。分别以淋巴结短轴直径大于3mm、10mm及淋巴结长短轴直径比小于2为淋巴结转移阳性诊断标准,敏感度分别为93.8%、18.8%及50%,特异度分别为40%、88%及72%,阳性预测值分别为38.5%、50%及53.3%,阴性预测值分别为50%、62.9%及69.2%,准确度分别为39%、61%及63.4%。结论:使用多层螺旋CT以适当标准判断胰腺癌淋巴结有无转移,可以获得较高的敏感度或特异度,为选择恰当的治疗方案提供依据。