整体针药法治疗发作期支气管哮喘临床观察

[目的]观察整体针药法治疗发作期支气管哮喘(BA)的临床疗效。[方法]将60例辨证为寒哮证发作期的BA患者随机分为对照组30例,常规西药治疗;治疗组30例,在常规西药的基础上加用内服射干麻黄汤加减,外用穴位针刺及穴位敷贴治疗。两组均治疗1周。观察治疗后患者的临床疗效、肺功能及白介素(IL)-5、IL-10、嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)的变化。[结果]治疗后,对照组总有效率为73.33%,治疗组总有效率为93.33%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组对肺功能的改善优于对照组(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组患者IL-5、嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)及ECP水平低于对照组(P0.05),IL-10水平高于对照组(P0.05)。[结论]整体针药法联合常规西药治疗BA优于单用常规西药治疗。     

成人咳嗽变异型哮喘血清嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白检测的临床意义

目的:探讨嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)在成人咳嗽变异型哮喘(CVA)中检测的意义。方法:通过对43例CVA患者“哮喘阶梯治疗方案”治疗前后进行第1秒用力肺活量(FEV1)和血清ECP浓度检测,同时取30例健康人作为对照组。结果:CVA组治疗前:FEV1及ECP与治疗后比较有显著性差异(P>0.01);CVA治疗前FEV1及ECP与对照组比较亦均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:血清ECP水平与CVA病情变化一致。ECP浓度可反映CVA体内炎性细胞激活的程度,可作为气道炎症变化的指标,同时又可用于指导CVA的治疗。     

Eosinophils in Health and Disease: A State-of-the-Art Review

Eosinophils play a homeostatic role in the body’s immune responses. These cells are involved in combating some parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections and certain cancers and have pathologic roles in diseases including asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders, and hypereosinophilic syndromes. Treatment of eosinophilic diseases has traditionally been through nonspecific eosinophil attenuation by use of glucocorticoids. However, several novel biologic therapies targeting eosinophil maturation factors, such as interleukin (IL)-5 and the IL-5 receptor or IL-4/IL-13, have recently been approved for clinical use. Despite the success of biologic therapies, some patients with eosinophilic inflammatory disease may not achieve adequate symptom control, underlining the need to further investigate the contribution of patient characteristics, such as comorbidities and other processes, in driving ongoing disease activity. New research has shown that eosinophils are also involved in several homeostatic processes, including metabolism, tissue remodeling and development, neuronal regulation, epithelial and microbiome regulation, and immunoregulation, indicating that these cells may play a crucial role in metabolic regulation and organ function in healthy humans. Consequently, further investigation is needed into the homeostatic roles of eosinophils and eosinophil-mediated processes across different tissues and their varied microenvironments. Such work may provide important insights into the role of eosinophils not only under disease conditions but also in health. This narrative review synthesizes relevant publications retrieved from PubMed informed by author expertise to provide new insights into the diverse roles of eosinophils in health and disease, with particular emphasis on the implications for current and future development of eosinophil-targeted therapies.     

阳离子脂质体介导重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2基因转染的兔骨骼肌干细胞体外成骨分化的实验研究

目的初步探讨阳离子脂质体介导的重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2(rhBMP-2)基因对兔骨骼肌干细胞(SMSCs)体外成骨活性的影响。方法pEGFP-rhBMP-2的扩增、浓度及纯度鉴定。脂质体包裹质粒DNA，转染SMSCs后测定转染率。检测rhBMP-2、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和Ⅰ型胶原的表达。结果脂质体介导pEGFP-rhBMP-2SMSCs转染后最大转染率为14．18％，rhBMP-2、ALP和Ⅰ型胶原的表达呈阳性，而pEGFP转染的细胞和未染细胞rhBMP-2、ALP和Ⅰ型胶原的表达弱阳性。结论SMSCs是一种较理想的骨组织工程种子细胞。脂质体介导质粒rhBMP-2的基因转移安全性好，但转染率相对较低。     

哮喘患儿血小板参数变化与嗜酸性阳离子蛋白的相关研究

目的探讨儿童哮喘发作期血小板5项参数变化及其与血清嗜酸性阳离子蛋白(ECP)和总IgE水平的相关性. 方法应用自动血细胞分析仪CA620检测血小板5项参数,Uni CAP100检测仪检测血清ECP和总IgE浓度. 结果 (1)哮喘发作期血小板明显增高,平均血小板体积(MPV)明显减小,两者有显著负相关(r=-0.663,P<0.01);MPV哮喘发作期与缓解期比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),与对照组比较有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);LPCR哮喘发作期与缓解期和对照组比较均有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);哮喘患儿缓解期血小板计数、MPV、LPCR恢复正常水平,均与对照组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05) .(2)哮喘发作期血清ECP和总IgE增高,血清ECP增高与MPV减小显著负相关(r=-0.522,P<0.01). 结论哮喘急性期MPV、LPCR减小可作为血小板活化的重要标志,且MPV与ECP增高有相关性.     

Plasma protein leakage and local secretion of proteins assessed in sputum in asthma and COPD. The effect of inhaled corticosteroids

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterized by chronic airway inflammation with cell infiltration, increased plasma exudation and abnormal local secretion of proteins. We have analysed whether sputum differs in this respect between asthma (n = 9) and COPD (n = 9), and whether inflammatory markers in sputum are affected by treatment. In non-smoking asthma patients there was more plasma protein leakage, based on the relative coefficient of excretion Q2macroglobulin/QIgG (P = 0.03). There was less local secretion of sIgA and lactoferrin than in COPD (P < 0.05). Tryptase was slightly higher in sputum from asthma than from COPD (P < 0.05), whereas eosinophil cationic protein and myeloperoxidase were similar. After treatment with glucocorticosteroids, there was a reduction in the Q2macroglobulin/Qalbumin (P < 0.015), but no effect was seen on the levels of products from local cells. We conclude that sputum analysis is useful to study the local inflammatory process in asthma and COPD.     

Hydrolyzed Poly(2‐plenyl‐2‐oxazoline)s in Aqueous Media and Biological Fluids

Hydrolyzed poly(2‐phenyl‐2‐oxazoline)s (PPhOx) are synthesized by partial hydrolysis of PPhOx in order to produce self‐assembling copolymers with chargeable and hydrophobic units. The resulting poly(ethylene imine‐co‐2‐phenyl‐2‐oxazoline) [P(EI‐co‐PhOx)] amphiphilic copolymers contain phenyl‐oxazoline and ethylene imine segments in a random sequence and their chemical structure is confirmed by ¹H NMR and attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Static and dynamic light scattering experiments show that in aqueous solutions the random copolymers associate into aggregates of sizes in the range between 50 and 200 nm depending on the solution conditions and hydrophobic content. The positive charge of the nanoaggregates that is caused by protonation of the amine nitrogen is confirmed by zeta potential measurements. Self‐assembly in phosphate buffered saline results in large aggregates. The aggregates are proved to interact with fetal bovine serum proteins. This investigation shows that hydrolyzed phenyl oxazoline‐based copolymers provide stable amphiphilic nanoparticles able to interact with biological macromolecules for biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications.     

Fast Ring‐Opening Polymerization of 1,2‐Disubstituted Epoxides Initiated by a CoIII‐Salen Complex

Polyethers are an important class of polymers that find numerous applications. Ring‐opening polymerization of various 1,2‐disubstituted epoxides initiating a commercial, and well‐defined Co^III‐Salen complex is investigated in this paper. Remarkable reactivity (0.01% Co^III loadings, TOF up to 19200 h^?1) is discovered in this transformation. High molecular weight polymers (up to 80 kg mol^?1) are produced. In particular, polyether from ring‐opening polymerization of 1,4‐dihydronaphthalene oxide exhibits a glass transition temperatures (T_g) of up to 108 °C. By investigating the relationship between polymerization reactivity and counter ion in the Co^III complex, as well as the properties of the resultant polyethers, a cationic mechanism through an oxonium species is proposed.     

Polymerization of Bulky of Oxirane Monomers Leading to Polyethers Exhibiting Intramolecular Charge Transfer Interactions

Three novel oxirane monomers, 2‐methoxycarbonyl‐3‐(3,4‐dibenzyloxyphenyl)oxirane (MDBPO), 2‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐3‐(3,4‐dibenzyloxyphenyl)oxirane (BDBPO), and 2‐t‐butyloxycarbonyl‐3‐(3,4‐dibenzyloxyphenyl)oxirane (TBDBPO) are prepared and polymerized using BF₃‐OEt₂ in CH₂Cl₂ to yield polyethers. The monomers smoothly lead to polymers under the cationic conditions in spite of the monomers' rather bulky structures. The obtained polymers exhibit characteristic UV spectra with intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) bands through hetero π‐stacked structure formed between the side‐chain carbonyl group and the phenyl group directly connects to the main chain. The relative intensity of the ICT bands is the strongest for poly(TBDBPO) having bulky t‐butyl ester group. This spectral feature is considered to have connection with rigidity of polymer chain. Poly(TBDBPO) having the bulkiest side‐chain group is considered to possess the most rigid chain conformation that can account for its strongest ICT interactions that may occur between the carbonyl group and the phenyl group directly attached to the main chain. The proposed rigid chain conformation of poly(TBDBPO) is supported by the fact that the polymer does not show clear T_g while the other two polymers do.     

Hyaluronic acid modified daunorubicin plus honokiol cationic liposomes for the treatment of breast cancer along with the elimination vasculogenic mimicry channels

Background: Breast cancer is an alarming global public health problem and a main cause of cancer-related death in women. Systemic chemotherapy is the most widely used treatment for breast cancer. However, current chemotherapy treatments are far from desirable due to poor targeting specificity, severe side effects and vasculogenic mimicry (VM).

Purpose: Hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified daunorubicin plus honokiol (HNK) cationic liposomes were prepared and characterised for treatment of breast cancer by eliminating VM.

Methods: HA-modified daunorubicin plus HNK cationic liposomes were prepared by a thin-film hydration method. Evaluations were performed on MCF-7 cells and MDA-MB-435S cells, which are human breast cancer cells, and xenografts of MDA-MB-435S cells.

Results: In vitro results revealed that the HA-modified daunorubicin plus HNK cationic liposomes enhanced the cellular uptake and destroyed VM channels. In vivo results demonstrated that the liposomes prolonged the circulation time in the blood, obviously accumulated in the tumour region, and enhanced the overall anticancer effects. Action mechanisms were related to down-regulation of VM protein indicators including FAK, EphA2, MMP-2 and MMP-9.

Conclusions: The prepared HA-modified daunorubicin plus HNK cationic liposomes may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of breast cancer.