农村公共卫生管理政府责任缺位的应对措施

目的：探讨农村公共卫生管理政府责任缺位的应对措施。方法针对我地区农村公共卫生管理政府责任缺位,提出建议民营资本进驻的建议,并提供具体方法,分析其实际效果。结果干预后农村医疗总床位数及初级以上执业人员均显著多于干预前（P＜0.05）,干预后患者总住院时间短于干预前（P＜0.05）,均次医疗费用少于干预前（P＜0.05）。结论提高政府对农村医疗资源的支持,能有效减低医疗费用,提高农村基层医务人员工作积极性。     

药理实验室绿色环保化建设探讨

实现药理实验室绿色化是药理实验教学和科研人员所面对的新课题。本文探讨了目前高校药理实验室存在的主要问题,并从实验教学、实验准备和实验室管理等几个方面讨论了构建绿色药理实验平台的重要性及实施的主要措施,从而进一步提高师生的绿色实验意识。     

糖尿病前期人群健康管理的研究思路

糖尿病前期人群是发展成为糖尿病的高危群体,在糖尿病前期进行干预是防止其进展为糖尿病的最佳阶段,故不断探讨及完善糖尿病前期人群健康管理的研究思路具有重要意义。本文提出以中医“治未病”理论为指导,对糟尿病前期人群作出健康风险评估、制定适宜的生活干预方式、给予个性化的健康指导,并归纳糖调节受损易患人群的体质特点,以期形成规范化的健康管理体系。     

Insect management products from Malian traditional medicine--establishing systematic criteria for their identification

In material-resource poor countries like Mali, traditional practices incorporate the use of plants for medicinal purposes. Ethnobotanical research has documented traditional uses of plants, while concomitant studies by natural product chemists, ethnobotanists, and microbiologists have verified the efficacy of using traditional medicinal plants that have proven antimicrobial activity. These plants may also be used to protect agricultural crops pre-harvest and post-harvest from insect herbivory. In Mali, subsistence farmers, regional scientists, and extension specialists rely on local plants for many medicinal needs and are amenable to using traditional plant materials for insect pest management. The goal of this research was to develop Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies using Malian traditional medicine as a discovery lead. The discovery premise was based on identifying plants through a matrix approach utilizing agricultural scientists, traditional practitioners, and subsistence farmers. We hypothesized that plants used in traditional medicine with antimicrobial activity lead to potential insect pest management agents. To test our hypothesis, we developed a four-step process for selecting Malian plant species. Seven criteria were selected to create a systematic matrix to identify the most promising plant materials for practical, affordable, ecologically-sound insect management by Malian farmers. In the first step of the process, we developed a list of 294 medicinal Malian plant species which were evaluated using the matrix. Sixty-seven plant species met our main criteria. After the environmental soundness of these species was evaluated using four minor criteria, 50 species emerged from this pre-chemical, pre-bioassay process for further consideration in IPM programs in Mali.     

Birth outcomes of patients with isolated anorectal malformations: A population‐based case‐control study

In most patients affected by isolated anorectal malformation (IARM) the etiology is largely unknown. Thus, the aim of our project was to analyze possible risk factors for IARM. In the first step, birth outcomes of cases with IARM were analyzed on the basis of maternal socio‐demographic variables, and these data are presented in this paper. Gestational age at delivery, birthweight, preterm birth, low birthweight and small for gestational age of cases with IARM were evaluated in the function of maternal age, birth/pregnancy order, marital and employment status of mothers in the population‐based large dataset of the Hungarian Case‐Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities, 1980–1996. The study samples included 231 live‐born cases with IARM, 361 matched and 38 151 population controls without any defect. IARMs are more frequent in males, twins and newborn infants with low birthweight and small‐for‐gestational‐age, the latter being the consequence of intrauterine growth restriction. In addition, mothers of cases were younger but with higher birth order, and had lower socio‐economic status. These maternal variables are characteristic for the gypsy population in Hungary. The higher proportion of gypsy women among the mothers of cases with IARM was confirmed during the home visits of the study. Male sex and intrauterine growth restriction of cases, in addition to low socioeconomic status and gypsy origin of mothers may have a role in the risk of IARMs.     

老年妇女妇科手术特点和围手术期管理

因妇科疾病需要手术的老年女性逐年增多,但老年人随着年龄增长器官功能逐渐衰退,且多数合并内科疾患,手术风险和围手术期并发症增高。因此了解老年妇女的妇科手术特点和加强围手术期管理至关重要。     

Aggressive prolactinomas responsive to temozolomide treatment: Report of two cases

Refractory aggressive prolactinomas are detected after the unresponsiveness to conventional therapies. We report two cases that underwent temozolomide treatment and have been in near‐complete remission ever since. We suggest the pathology techniques for earlier detection and, subsequently, treatment with temozolomide to reduce morbidities and better respond to therapy.     

Report of two cases of myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcomas with preceding hematolymphoid neoplasms: Is there any association?

Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (MIFS) is an uncommon soft tissue sarcoma. We present two cases of MIFS: A known case of Hodgkin‘s lymphoma presented with hand mass; a recurrence of MIFS with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.     

A New Model Supporting Stability Quality of Materials and Industrial Products

Stabilizing the quality of industrial product materials remains a challenge. This applies mainly to new or significantly modified materials. It also refers to special processes. The tests of product quality can stabilize the quality of industrial product materials. The popular method for this is using the non-destructive testing (NDT). The NDT identifies incompatibility but does not determine the cause of its occurrence. Hence, it was necessary to support the process of identifying causes of incompatibilities in products. The purpose of the article was to develop a model based on a new approach to determine the ranking of actions that are possible as part of the process of stabilizing the quality of industrial products. The model was developed to improve quality through sequential and systematic methods of identification (and reduce) and incompatibility. The quality management techniques and decision method were applied and combined in this model, i.e., SMART(-ER) the method, method of selecting a team of experts, brainstorming (BM), Ishikawa diagram with the 5M rule, Likert scale validation technique, arithmetic average, and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). The test of this model was carried out to find cracks in the outer hull of 418 alloy four-point bearing (CPW-S 5616), which was identified by NDT (magnetic-powder method). As a result, a ranking of activities was obtained to stabilize the quality of the product and the main cause of incompatibility was indicated, i.e., the cause which can influence to the most degree influence on occurrence the incompatibility. The originality of the proposed model is an application in the right order of specially selected and combined qualitative methods and supporting decision methods. The finding of causes of incompatibility of products is the basis of product improvement in the area of stabilizing the quality of materials, mainly by the occurrence of special processes. The universality of the model refers to the possibility of its application for any material, processes of its formation, and processes of products, and any incompatibilities where the model can be integrated with quality control.