重组杆状病毒载体在哺乳动物细胞中的表达

目的 探讨重组杆状病毒作为哺乳动物基因转导载体的可行性及其转导特点。方法 应用Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒表达系统制备重组杆状病毒Bac-GFP,以不同MOI的病毒和不同终浓度丁酸钠感染各哺乳动物细胞系。通过荧光倒置相差显微镜和流式细胞仪观察检测细胞转导率和绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)表达强度。结果 发现HEK293细胞中,Bac-GFP转导率和GFP表达强度随着MOI和丁酸钠浓度的提高而显著增高(P<0.01),报告基因GFP的表达第2d最高,至少可持续9d。Bac-GFP可感染不同种属不同组织的哺乳动物细胞系,但转导率有差异。结论 重组杆状病毒可以用于体外基因转导。     

Signal transduction pathways involving the raf proto-oncogene

The raf genes encode for a family of cytoplasmic proteins (A-raf, B-raf and c-raf-1) with associated serine/threonine kinase activities. Raf-1 is an important mediator of signals involving cell growth, transformation and differentiation. It is activated in response to a wide variety of extracellular stimuli such as insulin, nerve growth factor (NGF), platelet derived-growth factor (PDGF), and in response to expression of oncogenes, v-src and v-ras, in a cell-specific manner. Recently, the first physiological substrate for Raf-1 protein kinase was identified. Raf-1 was found to phosphorylate and activate Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase (MEK), an activator of MAP kinase, thus linking the Raf-1 signaling pathway with that of MAP kinase. Cell specific differences in signalling pathways involving Raf-1 and MAP kinase have also been discovered. Accumulating evidence indicates that membrane tyrosine kinases, ras, Raf-1, MEK and MAP kinase are interconnected via a complex network rather than via a linear pathway involving multiple substrates and feedback loops.     

Dual function of recombinant human CD58: inhibition of T cell adhesion and activation via the CD2 pathway.

To produce large quantities of recombinant CD58 (rCD58) glycoproteins for biochemical and functional studies, a cDNA clone containing the phosphatidylinositol-linked form of human CD58 was expressed in insect cells using the baculovirus system. Gel filtration showed rCD58 to form soluble oligomeric aggregates which were functionally, antigenically, and biochemically similar to their natural counterpart. Sequence analysis of the amino- and carboxy-terminal ends of released rCD58 protein revealed that the 28 amino acid signal peptide was accurately removed. In contrast, the hydrophobic C-terminal peptide was not removed. rCD58 binds to its natural ligand CD2 with a dissociation constant Kd = 5 x 10(-8) M, which is equivalent to the affinity of physiological T cell adhesion mediated by the membrane bound CD2-CD58 receptor-ligand pair. Rosette formation of human T lymphocytes with sheep and human erythrocytes was completely abrogated. In addition, the mixed lymphocyte reaction was significantly inhibited by rCD58. Moreover, cytotoxicity of human NK clones (CD2+CD3-) was inhibited by rCD58 similar to inhibition by CD58 mAbs. In contrast, rCD58 synergized with mitogenic CD2R mAbs in T cell triggering. These data demonstrate that rCD58 might serve as a biological immunomodulator which influences T cell adhesion and activation.     

Expression of the X protein of hepatitis B virus in insect cells using recombinant baculoviruses

The baculovirus system was used to express the X protein of human hepatitis B virus (HBV). The X open reading frames (X ORFs) from cloned viral DNA of the HBV subtypes ayw and adr were introduced into the genome ofAutographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV). The HBV-DNA of subtype adr derived from a hepatocellular carcinoma contains an X ORF and a 5 extended preX/X ORF, which were both used to construct X recombinant baculoviruses. Infection of Sf9 insect cells with these recombinant viruses yielded large amounts of the respective X proteins. They were identified by a set of mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against different epitopes of the ayw X protein using immunoblotting techniques. A subpopulation of the X protein expressed is modified, thus raising the molecular weight from the expected size of 17 kD to 21 kD. Indirect immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy was performed to characterize the subcellular distribution of the X protein expressed in Sf9 cells. Data are presented that it accumulates as large globular structures within the cytoplasm and the nucleus of the infected cells.     

昆虫杆状病毒表达系统中人骨形成蛋白3的表达及鉴定

探索人骨形成蛋白在昆虫杆状病毒系统中的表达规律。方法将ｈＢＭＰ３全长ｃＤＮＡ克隆入转移载体ＢａｃＰＫ８中,酶切鉴定后,将此载体与病毒ＤＮＡ经脂质体包裹转染昆虫细胞,重组病毒经蓝白选后,提取其ＤＮＡ进行ＰＣＲ反应,鉴定目的基因。收集重组病毒感染５ｄ的细胞进行免疫荧光及电子显微镜观察。结果克隆了目的基因的重组载体经内切酶消化后,琼脂糖电泳示有相应大小的目的基因片段切下,ＰＣＲ电泳结果见有目的基因片段的     

Evaluation of novel recombinant porcine circovirus type 2d (PCV2d) vaccine in pigs naturally infected with PCV2d

IntroductionThe pathogenic porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) causes significant economic losses in pig production. Emergence of the PCV2d genotype has been linked with PCV2-associated disease (PCVAD) outbreaks. However, no study has been conducted efficacy of an experimental PCV2d-based subunit vaccine in pigs. Therefore, PCV2b- and PCV2d-based capsid (CP) proteins were generated using a baculovirus (Bac) expression system, and we evaluated the protective immune responses in a commercial pig farm where predominant PCV2d is circulating.MethodsEighteen 3-week-old pigs with maternal antibodies were randomly divided into four groups, and were immunized with purified Bac-2dCP, mixed 1:1 ratio with purified Bac-2bCP and Bac-2dCP (Bac-mCP), a commercial PCV2a-based subunit vaccine (VAC) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as controls.ResultsThe Bac-2dCP and Bac-mCP groups had significantly higher PCV2b- or PCV2d- specific IgG and neutralizing antibody without interference by maternal antibody compared to control group in pigs naturally infected with PCV2d. Interestingly, not only serum IL-4 level was significantly increased in the Bac-2dCP group, but also PCV2d viremia level was significantly reduced than the control group.ConclusionsThe recombinant Bac-2dCP subunit vaccine is a good candidate for the effective reduction against PCV2d infection.     

Viral-mediated gene delivery for cell-based assays in drug discovery

Background: Adenovirus, retrovirus and lentivirus-based vectors, originally engineered and optimized for in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy, have become increasingly useful for viral-mediated gene delivery to support in vitro cell-based assays. Viral vectors underpin functional genomics screening of cDNA, shRNA and aptamer libraries, are used for a variety of target validation studies and importantly, for high-throughput cell-based drug discovery and compound profiling assays. The baculovirus/insect cell expression system had gained prevalence as a tool for recombinant protein production when it was observed that recombinant baculovirus vectors too could serve as efficient gene delivery vehicles for a wide range of mammalian cells. Although the use of baculovirus vectors in vivo has lagged behind retroviral, adenoviral and lentiviral vectors, they have gained prominence for development of in vitro cell-based assays due to the ease of generation, broad host range and excellent biosafety profile. There is an increasing emphasis on cell-based assays in high-throughput automated drug discovery laboratories and a variety of commercially available viral-vectors can be used for supporting these assays. Objective: We compare and contrast the current viral-mediated gene delivery vector systems and highlight their suitability for cell-based drug discovery assays. Conclusion: Viral-mediated gene delivery is increasingly being used in support of genome scale target validation studies and cell-based assay development for specific drug target genes such as ion channels, G protein-coupled receptors and intracellular enzymes. The choice of a delivery system over another for a particular application is largely dictated by the cell types and cell lines in use, virus cellular tropism, assay throughput, safety requirements and ease/cost of reagent generation.