TGF-β1抑制大鼠创伤性颅脑损伤后海马神经元的凋亡

目的转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）在星形胶质细胞增生和神经元的存活方面都发挥这重要作用,但是其在创伤性颅脑损伤（TBI）中的作用还未见报道。方法本课题组先前的研究利用大鼠模型发现在大鼠颅脑损伤后,TGF-β1的表达显著上调,表明TGF-β1参与到创伤性颅脑损伤修复的过程中。结果本研究聚焦在TGF-β1对TBI后海马神经元凋亡的影响,神经元的免疫荧光染色和Westernblot结果显示：对TBI后的海马神经元给予适当浓度及时程的TGF-β1处理,海马神经元的的凋亡明显降低。结论这些结果的发现,将有助于更好的理解TGF-β1在大鼠创伤性颅脑损伤中的作用,也有望使得TGF—β1成为临床上救治创伤性颅脑损伤的靶点。     

银丹心脑通对脑缺血再灌注大鼠海马区神经细胞凋亡及Caspase-3表达的影响

目的 明确银丹心脑通对脑缺血再灌注时神经细胞凋亡的保护作用,探索其治疗缺血性脑卒中的分子作用机制. 方法 将40只SD雄性大鼠按随机数字表法分为假手术组、模型组、阳性对照组(尼莫地平组)、银丹心脑通组.尼莫地平组及银丹心脑通组预先连续灌胃给药7d,假手术组和模型组每日灌服相当量的蒸馏水,第8大制备大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞模型.脑缺血再灌注24 h后应用TUNEL法检测各组大鼠海马CA1区凋亡阳性神经细胞数,应用免疫组化染色测定各组大鼠脑组织中天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)的表达. 结果 模型组大鼠均能见到较多的凋亡阳性细胞数及Caspase-3阳性细胞数,与假手术组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与模型组比较,银丹心脑通组、尼莫地平组能明显减小凋亡阳性细胞数及Caspase-3阳性细胞数,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);银丹心脑通组与尼莫地平组在凋亡阳性神经细胞数及Caspase-3阳性细胞数上比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论 银丹心脑通对脑缺血再灌注损伤有一定保护作用,能够减少脑缺血再灌注大鼠神经细胞的凋亡,其作用机制可能与减少脑组织中Caspase-3的表达有关.     

Necdin与神经系统退行性改变

Necdin是黑素瘤相关抗原家族Ⅱ成员之一,主要表达于成熟神经元的细胞核。Necdin作为一种生长抑制蛋白,通过与多种胞核及胞浆中的细胞因子结合,调控细胞周期、细胞分化及细胞凋亡过程。人类Necdin基因位于Prede—Willi综合征（PWS）的基因缺失区,可能与PWS的一些症状有关。Necdin缺失的小鼠表现出运动缺陷,可能参与了神经退行性改变。本文就Necdin的对神经系统的影响做一综述。     

下调RNF138基因对胶质瘤细胞株U251增殖、凋亡及细胞周期影响的研究

目的探讨RNA干扰下调胶质瘤细胞株高表达基因RNF138对胶质瘤细胞株U251体外增殖、凋亡以及细胞周期的影响。方法构建下调RNF138基因的siRNA,通过慢病毒转染导入胶质瘤细胞株U251,设立阴性干扰对照组及空白对照组,荧光显微镜观察转染效率;实时荧光定量PCR检测敲减效率;运用Cellomics仪器连续检测U251体外增殖情况;流式细胞仪检测U251凋亡及细胞周期变化情况。结果慢病毒载体高效、稳定转染U251细胞,靶向RNF138的siRNA有效抑制RNF138基因表达,使RNF138mRNA表达减少60%,U251体外增殖明显减缓,凋亡明显增加,细胞阻滞在G2/M期。结论 RNA干扰抑制RNF138基因表达可以明显抑制胶质瘤细胞株U251体外增殖,促进其凋亡,影响细胞周期,阻滞细胞分裂。     

黄芩苷对海人酸致痫小鼠海马x染色体连锁凋亡抑制蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨黄芩苷对海人酸诱导的小鼠癫痫持续状态后海马组织x染色体连锁凋亡抑制蛋白（XIAP）表达的影响。方法将90只ICR雄性小鼠随机分为对照组、癫痫持续状态（sE）组、黄芩苷治疗组,每组30只;采用侧脑室注入海人酸建立小鼠癫痫持续状态模型。通过苏木素一伊红（HE）染色观察黄芩苷对小鼠癫痫持续状态后海马神经细胞的形态学改变;应用免疫组化和Westernblot方法检测小鼠海马组织中XIAP的表达量。结果黄芩苷明显改善sE后小鼠海马组织的病理形态学,海马CA3区XIAP在sE后6h起逐渐增加,12h达高峰,24h有所下降;与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。黄芩苷治疗组海马XIAP蛋白表达在6h、12h和24h均高于sE组（P〈0．05）。结论黄芩苷对小鼠癫痫持续状态后海马神经细胞的保护作用,可能与其促进XIAP的表达有关。     

Stress protein expression in early phase spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury*

Spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury is a stress injury to the spinal cord. Our previous studies using differential proteomics identified 21 differentially expressed proteins (n > 2) in rabbits with spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury. Of these proteins, stress-related proteins included protein disulfide isomerase A3, stress-induced-phosphoprotein 1 and heat shock cognate protein 70. In this study, we established New Zealand rabbit models of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury by abdominal aorta occlusion. Results demonstrated that hind limb function initially improved after spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury, but then deteriorated. The pathological morphology of the spinal cord became aggravated, but lessened 24 hours after reperfusion. However, the numbers of motor neurons and interneurons in the spinal cord gradually decreased. The expression of protein disulfide isomerase A3, stress-induced-phosphoprotein 1 and heat shock cognate protein 70 was induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury. The expression of these proteins increased within 12 hours after reperfusion, and then decreased, reached a minimum at 24 hours, but subsequently increased again to similar levels seen at 6-12 hours, showing a characterization of induction-inhibition-induction. These three proteins were expressed only in cytoplasm but not in the nuclei. Moreover, the expression was higher in interneurons than in motor neurons, and the survival rate of interneurons was greater than that of motor neurons. It is assumed that the expression of stress-related proteins exhibited a protective effect on neurons.     

How does ethanol induce apoptotic cell death of SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells？

A body of evidence suggests that ethanol can lead to damage of neuronal cells. However, the mechanism underlying the ethanol-induced damage of neuronal cells remains unclear. The role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in ethanol-induced damage was investigated in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide cell viability assay, DNA fragmentation detection, and flow cytometric analysis showed that ethanol induced apoptotic cell death and cell cycle arrest, characterized by increased caspase-3 activity, DNA fragmentation, nuclear disruption, and G1 arrest of cell cycle of the SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. In addition, western blot analysis indicated that ethanol induced a lasting increase in c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase activity and a transient increase in p38 kinase activity of the neuroblastoma cells. c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase or p38 kinase inhibitors significantly reduced the ethanol-induced cell death. Ethanol also increased p53 phosphorylation, followed by an increase in p21 tumor suppressor protein and a decrease in phospho-Rb （retinoblastoma） protein, leading to alterations in the expressions and activity of cyclin dependent protein kinases. Our results suggest that ethanol mediates apoptosis of SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells by activating p53-related cell cycle arrest possibly through activation of the c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase-related cell death pathway.     

Involvement of the Wnt signaling pathway and cell apoptosis in the rat hippocampus following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

We investigated the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by examining β-catenin and glycogen synthase kinase-3β protein expression in the rat hippocampal CA1 region following acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Our results demonstrate that cell apoptosis increases in the CA1 region following ischemia/reperfusion. In addition, β-catenin and glycogen synthase kinase-3β protein expression gradually increases, peaking at 48 hours following reperfusion. Dickkopf-1 administration, after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, results in decreased cell apoptosis, and β-catenin and glycogen synthase kinase-3β expression, in the CA1 region. This suggests that β-catenin and glycogen synthase kinase-3β, both components of the Wnt signaling pathway, participate in cell apoptosis following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.     

Chloride channel blocker 4,4-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2’-disulfonic acid inhibits nitric oxide-induced apoptosis in cultured rat hippocampal neurons

Apoptosis in cultured rat hippocampal neurons was induced using the nitric oxide donor 3-morpholinosydnonimine, and cells were treated with the chloride channel blocker, 4,4-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2’-disulfonic acid. Results showed that the survival rate of neurons was significantly increased after treatment with 4,4-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2’-disulfonic acid, and the rate of apoptosis decreased. In addition, the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)polymerase-1 and apoptosis-inducing factor were significantly reduced. Our experimental findings indicate that the chloride channel blocker 4,4- diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2’-disulfonic acid can antagonize apoptotic cell death of hippocampal neurons by inhibiting the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)polymerase-1 and apoptosis-inducing factor.