颅骨纤维结构不良合并多发脑膜瘤1例并文献复习

目的探讨颅骨纤维结构不良合并脑膜瘤的临床特点,治疗方法及二者之间的联系。方法报告1例经影像学、手术、病理证实颅骨纤维结构不良合并多发脑膜瘤的患者,并回顾了相关文献。结果手术切除大部分增生的骨质及全切多发脑膜瘤,颅骨一期钛网成形,患者术后恢复良好,结论颅骨纤维结构不良合并多发脑膜瘤是非常罕见的,脑膜瘤可能是颅骨纤维结构不良一个尚未被认识到的并发症。     

Totally Ossified Metaplastic Spinal Meningioma

A 61-year-old woman with a very rare case of totally ossified large thoracic spinal metaplastic meningioma, showing progressing myelopathy is presented. Computed tomographic images showed a large totally ossfied intradural round mass occupying the spinal canal on T9-10 level. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large T9-10 intradural extramedullary mass that was hypointense to spinal cord on T1- and T2-weighted sequences, partial enhancement was apparent after Gadolinium administration. The spinal cord was severely compressed and displaced toward the right at the level of T9-10. Surgical removal of the tumor was successfully accomplished via the posterior midline approach and the histological diagnosis verified an ossified metaplastic meningioma. The clinical neurological symptoms of patient were improved postoperatively. In this article we discuss the surgical and pathological aspects of rare case of spinal totally ossified metaplastic meningioma.     

The impact of fluorescence guidance on spinal intradural tumour surgery

Purpose

5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-based fluorescence-guided surgery was shown to be beneficial for cerebral malignant gliomas. Extension of this technique for resection of meningiomas and cerebral metastasis has been recently evaluated. Aim of the present study is to evaluate the impact of fluorescence-guided surgery in spinal tumor surgery.

Methods

Twenty-six patients with intradural spinal tumors were included in the study. 5-ALA was administered orally prior to the induction of anesthesia. Intraoperative, 440 nm fluorescence was applied after exploration of the tumor and, if positive, periodically during and at the end of resection to detect tumor-infiltrated sites.

Results

Tumors of WHO grade III and IV were found in five patients. In detail intra- or perimedullary metastasis of malignant cerebral gliomas was found including glioblastoma WHO grade IV (n = 2), anaplastic astrocytoma WHO grade III (n = 1), anaplastic oligoastrocytoma WHO grade III (n = 1). In addition, one patient suffered from a spinal drop metastasis of a cerebellar medulloblastoma WHO grade IV. Tumors of WHO grade I were diagnosed in 18 patients: Eight cases of meningioma (two recurrences), six cases of neurinoma, one neurofibroma, two ependymoma and one plexus papilloma. At least, benign pathologies were histologically proven in three patients. All four spinal metastasis of malignant glioma (100 %), seven of eight meningiomas (87.5 %) and one of two ependymoma (50 %) were found to be ALA-positive.

Conclusion

The present study demonstrates that spinal intramedullary gliomas and the majority of spinal intradural meningiomas are 5-ALA positive. As a surgical consequence, especially in intramedullary gliomas, the use of 5-ALA fluorescence seems to be beneficial.     

A case of an anaplastic meningioma metastasizing to the mediastinal lymph nodes

Context: Grade II and III (World Health Organization classification) meningiomas rarely develop in the spinal cord. However, we experienced a case with an anaplastic meningioma that developed in the spinal cord at the cervicothoracic junction and metastasized to the mediastinal lymph nodes. No such cases have previously been reported.

Findings: The patient was a 68-year-old man who developed back pain that did not affect his daily living. He developed left lower limb paralysis, and was admitted after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intramedullary tumor at the level of cervical vertebra 7 and thoracic vertebra 1. Positron emission tomography revealed tracer uptake in the intramedullary tumor and the mediastinal lymph nodes, suggesting a metastatic spinal cord tumor or malignant lymphoma. A lymph node biopsy was then performed. Although the tumor was highly malignant, its primary site was not identified. Detailed examinations by several other departments revealed no abnormalities. On hospital day 30, his left lower limb paralysis deteriorated, and MRI revealed that the tumor had grown. Thus, laminaplasty, laminectomy, and tumor resection were performed. The tumor was an anaplastic meningioma that resembled mediastinal lymph node tissue, and other tumor lesions were not found. These findings suggested that an anaplastic meningioma had metastasized to the mediastinal lymph nodes. The patient did not respond to radiotherapy, and he was transferred to another hospital.

Conclusion: In cases of intramedullary spinal tumors with metastasis without other potential primary tumor lesions, early diagnosis and treatment should be performed while considering anaplastic meningioma.     

Endoscopic Resection of Tuberculum Sellae Meningiomas

Objective To evaluate the results of endoscopic transnasal resection of tuberculum sellae meningiomas (TSMs) as compared with transcranial approaches.Design We retrospectively analyzed five patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal resection of TSM and performed a comprehensive review of articles published between 2000 and 2012 describing the operative treatment of TSMs.Results Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in four patients (80%). Transient diabetes insipidus occurred in three patients (60%). Preoperative visual field deficit resolved in all patients. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurred in one patient. Analysis of published studies included 1,026 transcranial and 144 transnasal cases. GTR was achieved in 85% of transcranial and 72% of transnasal cases. Visual field deficit improved in 65% of transcranial and 82% of transnasal cases. Rate of diabetes insipidus and CSF leak was higher in the transnasal series. Rate of GTR and visual improvement was higher in endoscopic endonasal as compared with microsurgical transnasal series.Conclusion The literature supports transsphenoidal surgery for the resection of TSMs with significant optic nerve compromise and limited lateral extension. This approach may have an equivalent if not superior outcome over transcranial surgery in visual outcome. CSF leaks are still a challenge but may improve with the use of vascularized nasoseptal flaps.     

Clinoidal meningioma arising from falciforme process of optic canal: Case report and review

Abstract

A 56-year-old female with an initial symptom of unilateral progressive visual disturbance presented with a clinoidal meningioma arising from a falciforme process of the optic canal. Magnetic resonance images with gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid demonstrated marked enhancement of a small mass, approximately 1 cm in diameter, roofing the right optic nerve at the intracranial opening of the optic canal. The clinoidal meningioma is rarely reported and the precise originating location of the neoplasm has not been clarified. This is the first case of clinoidal meningioma, which is confirmed by the operative observation as the origin of the neoplasm is a falciforme process of the optic canal. Magnetic resonance images with enhancement are useful for the diagnosis of such a small neoplastic lesion adjacent to bone structure and total removal without a deterioration of visual function is achieved by careful microsurgical procedure. [Neurol Res 1996; 18: 237–240]     

Pre-chiasmatic transection of the optic nerve can save contralateral vision in patients with optic nerve sheath meningioms

Objectives

With respect to its characteristic pattern of growth from the orbit into the intracranial space toward the chiasm, patients with optic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONSM) are threatened to loose function of both optic nerves. Fortunately, in less than 5% both optic nerves are involved initially. Hence, prevention of vision of the contralateral eye is the foremost aim of any therapy. Performing pre-chiasmatic transection might offer a further treatment option to avoid further tumor growth toward the chiasm.

Patients and methods

In this retrospective study 12 patients with ONSM and blindness of the affected eye were included. The surgical approach was performed either from pterional intradural or as a combined approach from pterional extra- and intradural.

Results

Without any exceptions, vision of the contralateral eye could be preserved and did not show any deterioration after surgery or during the follow-up time of 50.6 months. Furthermore in 58.3% of patients gross total tumor resection could be achieved. During follow up observation in 67% of patients no further tumor progress or recurrences could be observed. 4 patients, however, showed delayed tumor progress or recurrences that were treated by radiotherapy.

Conclusion

Pre-chiasmatic transection of the optic nerve might offer a surgical treatment option to control tumor growth and to preserve vision of the contralateral eye.     

Pineal chordoid meningioma complicated by repetitive hemorrhage during pregnancy: Case report and literature review

Chordoid meningioma is an uncommon variant of meningioma, and is very rarely found in the pineal region. We report a case of pineal region chordoid meningioma occurring in a young woman complicated by repetitive hemorrhages in the setting of pregnancy. A 23‐year‐old woman, 28 weeks pregnant, was transferred to our hospital for further management of a multi‐septated, hemorrhagic pineal region mass and hydrocephalus. MRI revealed a heterogeneous T2‐hyperintense lesion measuring 1.7 × 1.7 cm in the pineal gland. Resection of the tumor through an occipital transtentorial approach was performed. Histopathologic examination of the lesion confirmed the diagnosis of chordoid meningioma demonstrating cords and clusters of eosinophilic cells with rare cytoplasmic vacuolation arranged in a mucinous stroma. Additionally, there was abundant lymphoplasmacytic infiltration within the tumor. The details of this case are presented with a review of the literature.     

MR扩散加权成像对桥小脑角区实性神经鞘瘤与脑膜瘤的鉴别诊断价值

目的：探讨 MR扩散加权成像(DWI)及表观扩散系数(ADC)在桥小脑角区实性神经鞘瘤与脑膜瘤鉴别诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析经术后病理证实的桥小脑角区12例实性神经鞘瘤和27例脑膜瘤的 DWI 图像,逐层勾画肿瘤边界以获得整体感兴趣区(ROI),得到肿瘤的平均 ADC 值(mADC)。同时以脑干 mADC 值为参考,计算得到肿瘤/脑干 ADC 比值(ADC ratio, rADC=肿瘤 mADC值/脑干 mADC值)。桥小脑角区实性神经鞘瘤和脑膜瘤之间的 mADC 和 rADC 值差异采用独立样本t检验分析。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析 mADC 和 rADC 值在两者鉴别诊断中的价值。结果桥小脑角区实性神经鞘瘤mADC和 rADC值均明显高于脑膜瘤(mADC,P=0.001;rADC,P=0.002)。以 mADC=0.994×10-3 mm2/s 作为诊断阈值,鉴别实性神经鞘瘤和脑膜瘤的价值最优[曲线下面积(AUC)0.917;敏感度92%;特异度89%]。结论 MR DWI对桥小脑角区实性神经鞘瘤与脑膜瘤的鉴别诊断有一定的参考价值。