高龄髋部骨折患者围术期D-二聚体的测定及临床意义

目的探讨围术期高龄髋部骨折患者血液中D-二聚体(D-D)水平的变化及其临床意义。方法对60例80岁以上髋部骨折患者手术前、手术后血液中D-D水平进行检测。手术前包括入院时(T1)、即将手术时(T2),T后包括手术后即刻(T3)和手术后第1天(T4)。结果 T1、T2、T3、T4D-D阳性率分别为6.67%、16.67%、41.67%、80.00%,T3、T4与T1、T2相比,T3与T4相比,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);T1与T2相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高龄髋部骨折患者手术前后D-D水平变化显著,D-D水平的变化是反映下肢深静脉血栓的有效指标,对于高龄髋部骨折患者围术期进行D-D水平动态监测有着极其重要的临床意义。     

耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌在医院的临床分布与耐药性研究

目的探讨辽河油田总医院耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)临床分布及耐药性特征,指导该院临床合理用药。方法对辽河油田总医院2012年1月至2013年12月临床分离的51株耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)标本,运用LIS系统进行回顾性分析。结果 MRSA分离率占金黄色葡萄球菌的20.6%,标本以痰及分泌物检出率最高,主要侧重于ICU及呼吸内科,对临床常用抗菌药物具有多重耐药性。结论辽河油田总医院MRSA的分离率及耐药率均较高,MRSA表现为多重耐药性,临床各科室要合理使用抗菌药物并采取有效措施以预防和控制院内感染。     

Emergence and Distribution of Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease Virus Serotype A and O in Bangladesh

Foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Bangladesh and is predominantly due to FMDV serotype O. In 2012, FMD outbreaks were identified in five different districts of Bangladesh. Of 56 symptomatic cattle epithelial tissue samples, diagnostic PCR assay based on 5′‐URT detected 38 FMDV infections. Viral genotyping targeting VP1‐encoding region confirmed emergence of two distinct serotypes, A and O with an abundance of serotype A in Chittagong and Gazipur districts and serotype O in Pabna and Faridpur. Only single lineage of both A and O was retrieved from samples of five different regions. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of VP1 sequences revealed that serotype O sequences were closely related to the Ind 2001 sublineage of Middle East–South Asia (ME‐SA) topotype that was previously circulating in Bangladesh, and serotype A sequences belonging to the genotype VII that was dominant in India during the last decade. The results suggest that extensive cross‐border animal movement from neighbouring countries is the most likely source of FMDV serotypes in Bangladesh.     

2012年南宁市育龄妇女死亡原因分析

目的分析南宁市育龄妇女相关死亡原因,为卫生行政部门制订妇女保健政策提供科学依据。方法收集2012年南宁市988例育龄妇女死亡相关资料,对育龄妇女各年龄组死亡构成比及各种死亡原因构成比进行统计分析。结果 2012年南宁市育龄妇女死亡时年龄为(38.4±9.0)岁。年龄<40岁的育龄妇女死亡456例,占46.15%,40~49岁死亡532例,占53.85%。随着年龄增长,死亡人数增加;死亡的前3位原因为肿瘤、损伤与中毒、循环系统疾病,分别占死因构成比的41.80%、21.76%、13.06%。结论降低恶性肿瘤的发生、防止损伤与中毒的发生、预防循环系统疾病的发生是降低育龄妇女死亡的关键。     

2010至2012年31省2120131名育龄妇女孕前营养指标趋势分析

目的 分析2010至2012年中国育龄妇女孕前营养状况的变化趋势.方法 研究人群为2010年1月1日至2012年12月31日参加“国家免费孕前优生健康检查项目”覆盖的31个省、市、自治区220个试点县的21～49岁育龄妇女,共2 120 131人.研究孕前营养指标主要包括体质量指数(BMI)、血红蛋白含量(HB)和空腹血糖(FBG).结果 2010至2012年总体上中国育龄妇女孕前平均HB含量持续升高,而孕前平均BM1和FBG水平呈逐年下降趋势.将3个孕前营养指标测定的结果均分为4类,各类构成人群均主要分布在25 ～34岁年龄组.孕前低BMI人群发生率逐年增加,从2010年10.4％(31 649/304307)增加到2012年14.14％(114 159/807 131);孕前超重人群及肥胖人群均在2012年发生率最低,分别为10.65％(85 984/807 131)和2.32％(18 735/807 131).孕前低血糖发生率由2010年5.45％(16 581/304307)降至2012年5.23％(42 199/807 131);孕前空腹血糖受损及糖尿病发生率逐年降低,分别从2010年3.17％ (9 652/304 307)和1.64％(4 982/304307)降至2012年2.71％(21 875/807 131)和1.05％(8 505/807 131).孕前轻度及中重度贫血的发生率在逐年下降,分别从2010年12.29％和0.95％降至2012年9.62％和0.78％;孕前高HB含量人群也呈现不断下降趋势.2010至2012年中国育龄妇女3个孕前营养指标的变化趋势在4个分类中均差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.001).结论 中国育龄妇女总体孕前营养状况良好,肥胖、贫血及糖尿病的发生率呈逐年下降趋势.     

新型蒽环类衍生物HYY-014大鼠体内药代动力学和组织分布的研究

目的：研究新型蒽环类衍生物HYY-014在大鼠体内的药代动力学和组织分布特征,为临床研究提供实验依据。方法大鼠单次尾静脉注射1．5 mg/kg的HYY-014后,采用LC-MS/MS法测定各时间点血浆和组织中HYY-014及其代谢物HYY-M3的浓度,药代动力学参数经DAS 3．0统计软件计算获得。结果采用统计矩方法处理药物浓度时间数据, HYY-014药代动力学参数 Cmax、T1/2、Vd、CL、AUC0-t、MRT0-t分别为(1628．6±618．6)μg/L、(24．4±3．6) h、(23．4±5．2) L/kg、(0．66±0．08) L/kg/h、(2219．5±276．9)μg/L ·h、(15．1±2．4) h;HYY-M3药代动力学参数Cmax、AUC0-t分别为(2．2±0．6)μg/L、(103．1±13．7)μg/L·h。静脉注射该药后,很快向机体的各组织广泛分布,且具有明显的靶向性,主要分布在脾、肾、肺、心脏、肝等组织,脑组织中浓度极低。结论静脉注射HYY-014组织分布广泛,具有明显的靶向性,肺、肝组织中的药物浓度均较高,不能通过血脑屏障。     

经皮椎体成形术中斜面针应用效果观察

目的探讨斜面穿刺针和菱形穿刺针在经皮椎体成形手术中的应用方法和优势.方法解离成人25~40岁尸体腰椎1~5椎节(L1~5),共计10×5节,完成各椎节骨含量检测,符合骨含量减少或轻度骨质疏松标准.分别应用斜面穿刺针和菱形穿刺针完成在尸椎上经皮椎体成形术手术模拟操作.手术后行椎体正侧位拍片,使用简易的学生用角度尺和直尺测量穿刺针道偏转数据;观察CT断层扫描下骨水泥在椎体内的分布特点.针道偏转计量数据应用统计软件完成统计分析.结果斜面穿刺针在椎体骨质内发生背向斜面的偏转,偏转角度为(1.83±0.2)°至(3.30±0.3)°.菱形穿刺针在椎体内未发生针道偏转.骨密度值与修正后偏转角度经Pearson相关分析结果显示:2者存在负相关关系,r=-0.991,P=0.001.CT断层扫描显示:自斜面穿刺针之斜面溢出的骨水泥团分布呈现为偏向分布的类椭圆体,随着针体旋转调整,可控制骨水泥注射方向和分布区域;骨水泥自菱形穿刺针顶端溢出后,直接冲向针尖远端,成为类球形体,旋转针体后,不能调整骨水泥注射方向和分布区域.结论实验观察表明,应用斜面穿刺针具实施经皮椎体成形手术,可以在进针和注射过程中充分发挥其所具有天然的设计优势,获得精确的进针路径控制和骨水泥在靶区内的填充控制效果.     

Age-related protective immunity after vaccination with Haemonchus contortus excretory/secretory proteins

Protection against an experimental challenge infection by immunization with excretory/secretory products (ES) from Haemonchus contortus, containing predominantly proteins of 15 and 24 kDa, depends on the age of the sheep. Vaccinated sheep 9 and 6 months of age had reduced final worm burdens of 82 and 77, respectively. No reduction in worm burden was found in 3-month-old lambs. Nine-month-old sheep had significantly higher ES-specific serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 and IgA during immunizations and after challenge infection than 3-month-old lambs. There was no correlation within the 9-month-old sheep between ES-specific IgA or IgG1 levels and protection, measured as worm burden. However, when the different age groups were combined, negative correlations between percentage protection and ES-specific IgA and IgG1 levels after challenge were found. At the end of the experiment, peripheral blood eosinophils and mast cell counts in abomasal tissue were also significantly higher in the vaccinated and challenged 9-month-old sheep than in the vaccinated and challenged 3-month-old or than in the 9-month-old sheep with challenge, but without vaccination. The responses measured in young lambs were similar to the responses in sheep, but the height of these responses was in general of a lower magnitude.     

Multiple Comorbidities of 21 Psychological Disorders and Relationships With Psychosocial Variables: A Study of the Online Assessment and Diagnostic System Within a Web-Based Population

BackgroundWhile research in the area of e-mental health has received considerable attention over the last decade, there are still many areas that have not been addressed. One such area is the comorbidity of psychological disorders in a Web-based sample using online assessment and diagnostic tools, and the relationships between comorbidities and psychosocial variables.ObjectiveWe aimed to identify comorbidities of psychological disorders of an online sample using an online diagnostic tool. Based on diagnoses made by an automated online assessment and diagnostic system administered to a large group of online participants, multiple comorbidities (co-occurrences) of 21 psychological disorders for males and females were identified. We examined the relationships between dyadic comorbidities of anxiety and depressive disorders and the psychosocial variables sex, age, suicidal ideation, social support, and quality of life.MethodsAn online complex algorithm based on the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, Text Revision, was used to assign primary and secondary diagnoses of 21 psychological disorders to 12,665 online participants. The frequency of co-occurrences of psychological disorders for males and females were calculated for all disorders. A series of hierarchical loglinear analyses were performed to examine the relationships between the dyadic comorbidities of depression and various anxiety disorders and the variables suicidal ideation, social support, quality of life, sex, and age.ResultsA 21-by-21 frequency of co-occurrences of psychological disorders matrix revealed the presence of multiple significant dyadic comorbidities for males and females. Also, for those with some of the dyadic depression and the anxiety disorders, the odds for having suicidal ideation, reporting inadequate social support, and poorer quality of life increased for those with two-disorder comorbidity than for those with only one of the same two disorders.ConclusionsComorbidities of several psychological disorders using an online assessment tool within a Web-based population were similar to those found in face-to-face clinics using traditional assessment tools. Results provided support for the transdiagnostic approaches and confirmed the positive relationship between comorbidity and suicidal ideation, the negative relationship between comorbidity and social support, and the negative relationship comorbidity and quality of life.

Trial Registration

Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN121611000704998; http://www.anzctr.org.au/trial_view.aspx?ID=336143 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/618r3wvOG)