Childhood precursors of age at first intercourse for females

Age at first intercourse for a sample of adult white women using variables measured during childhood is predicted. Childhood predictors were measured at birth, and ages 5 and 9–11, using existing public-use data on the women. Median age at first intercourse for the sample was 17.5 years. Early family predictors, early developmental characteristics, and temperamental characteristics during childhood together could predict about a fourth of the variance in age at first intercourse. The strongest predictors were motor skills and nightmares at age 5, church attendance with family at age 9, and domineering and mature personality at age 9.This research was supported by grants R01-HD23454 and P30-HD05798 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual meetings of the Population Association of America, Denver, Colorado, April 30–May 2, 1992.     

1600例住院病人死亡原因分析

[目的 ]探讨 160 0例住院病人的死亡原因及其分布特征 .[方法 ]收集 1995年 1月至 2 0 0 2年12月间 160 0例我院住院死亡病人资料 ,对死亡疾病构成比率、男女主要疾病死亡构成比率、汉族和朝鲜族主要疾病死亡构成比率及年龄构成比率进行统计 .[结果 ] 160 0例死亡病例的死亡原因中脑血管疾病占 2 4 9% ,恶性肿瘤占 2 3 4% ,消化系统疾病占 13 7% ,意外伤害和中毒占 10 3 % ,心血管疾病占9 2 % ;男性与女性主要疾病死亡分布不同 ,两者间有非常显者性差异 ;汉族与朝鲜族主要疾病死亡分布不同 ,两者间亦有非常显者性差异 ;年龄构成比中 61～ 70岁居首位 ,占 2 6 6% ,51～ 60岁占 18 0 % ,41～ 50岁占 16 8% ,71～ 80岁占 15 8% ,3 1～ 40岁占 10 8% .[结论 ]住院死亡的疾病构成因性别及民族不同 ,其分布不同     

在线考试系统设计

作为评价网络学习效果的一个环节，网上考试越来越被人们接受和认同。文章介绍了在线考试系统的功能和结构，并对该考试系统中所用到的关键技术进行了详细的介绍，包括系统的通用性和安全性、题库的建设和管理、随机组卷算法等。     

Predictors of mortality in an aging community-based cohort in Korea

Background: Multiple factors related to specific dimensions of health – general, physical and mental – contribute to mortality in the elderly, but their relative contributions to mortality risk is not well‐known. The objectives of this prospective population‐based cohort study were to measure mortality rates and to identify predictors of mortality in community‐dwelling men and women aged 65 years or older in Korea by examining self assessments of general health, objective medical burden, and measurement of cognition, mood and function. Methods: A total of 1245 elderly (529 men; 716 women) were followed up longitudinally for 3.5 years. Fixed predictor variables observed at baseline examined in Cox proportional hazards models were age, sex, education, chronic medical illnesses, self‐rated health, basic activities of daily living, depression measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale, and cognition measured by the Mini‐Mental State Examination. Results: Mortality rates were similar to those of the 2001 Korean population. Older age, male sex, poor self‐rated health and presence of cerebrovascular disease were significant predictors of mortality. Presence of ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease at baseline predicted mortality in men, but not in women. Depression predicted mortality only when chronic medical illnesses were excluded from the model. Conclusions: Subjective self‐rated health and objective medical burden are strong independent predictors of mortality in this elderly community population, in addition to age and sex.     

A typological model of schizophrenia based on age at onset,sex and familial morbidity

We investigated the age at onset distributions of schizophrenia in men and women and the relationship of age at onset and sex to the familial rates of schizophrenia and manic-depression in data from a Swedish family study of 270 schizophrenic probands. On the logarithmic scale, the age at onset distribution of schizophrenia in both male and female relatives was bimodal, suggesting that broadly defined schizophrenia may be a mixture of 2 (probably related) disorders. The risk of schizophrenia in relatives decreased as a function of the age at onset of the proband, irrespective of the sex of the proband or relative. In contrast, the risk of manic-depression was significantly higher in relatives of female probands with an age at onset in the twenties than in relatives of female probands with earlier or later onset, or in relatives of male probands. This suggests a third disorder related to affective psychosis, with an intermediate age at onset and female preponderance.     

Integrated plasma cortisol concentration in children with asthma receiving long-term inhaled corticosteroids.

We assessed the effect of long-term therapy with inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) on the pituitary-adrenal axis, by measuring the integrated concentration (IC) of plasma cortisol in eight children with asthma (age, 6-16 years) who regularly used inhaled BDP in doses ranging from 8 to 26.5 micrograms/kg (200-450 micrograms/day) for 6 months to 4 years. The control group included six children (age, 6-16 years) who had the IC of plasma cortisol measured as part of an endocrinological evaluation and were found to be healthy. Cortisol concentration was measured in blood samples collected continuously over a 24-hr period. Mean IC of plasma cortisol in the study group was significantly lower than in the healthy controls (mean +/- SD, 4.9 +/- 3.3 vs 9.1 +/- 1.9 micrograms/mL; P less than 0.02). Cortisol response to 0.25 mg ACTH (iv) was abnormal in one of the eight BDP-treated patients. No correlation was found between IC of plasma cortisol and the BDP dose, severity of asthma, height percentile, or the Tanner stage. We conclude that long-term therapy, even with relatively conventional doses of inhaled BDP may cause reduction in the normal physiological secretion of cortisol. The clinical relevance of low IC of plasma cortisol is not clear, but it may reflect partial suppression of the pituitary-adrenal axis.     

LDPE／CPE／炭黑三相复合导电体系的电学性能

研究了ＬＤＰＥ／ＣＰＥ／炭黑三相复合导电体系的导性能和电流－电压特性。实验结果表明复合体系具有明显的导电渗滤效应，在共混比ＬＤＰＥ／ＣＰＥ＞５０／５０时，导电性能随ＣＰＥ含量增加而显著提高，这主要是由于炭黑粒子在ＬＤＰＥ和ＣＰＥ两组分分中的分布不均匀性所致。     

人体内镭-226含量及分布

本文分析了101例成人骨灰样品和5例成人尸解样品中镭-226和钙的含量。实验范围内,人骨中镭-226含量与年龄及骨中钙含量呈二元线性相关关系。用苏州市人口相应的年龄构成计权的人骨中镭-226含量为(5.99+0.08)×10^-4Bq／g灰。所测各部位骨的骨灰中镭-226含量的差异无显著性意义;不同部位骨的灰化率差异甚大,由尸解样品中镭-226含量估算的人体软组织中镭-226负荷量约占全身负荷量的20%。此外,本文还根据所测骨、肺、肝,胃,小肠、大肠、骨胳肌和皮肤中镭-226含量,对相应受辐射危险的组织进行了剂量估算,并估算了接受镭-226及其短寿命子体所致年剂量后随机性健康效应发生的几率,将随机性建康效应发生的几率与世界癌症发病率最低的国家或地区的相应组织或器官的癌症发病率相比较,发现前者比后者至少低约二个数量级。     

Autopsy findings in two siblings with infantile Refsum disease

Summary Recognition of adrenal atrophy during a review of autopsy findings in two sisters who died at 8 months and 3 1/2 years prompted estimation of very long chain fatty acids, phytanic acid and pristanic acid on wet liver fixed in formalin for 12 years. These were shown to be markedly increased and defects in multiple peroxisomal functions and decrease in particulate catalase were shown in cultured fibroblasts, confirming an abnormality of peroxisomal biogenesis. The patients had presented with failure to thrive, recurrent diarrohea and vomiting, poor mental development, retinal pigmentation, blindness and in the older patient deafness, with only mild dysmorphic features. Autopsy in the older patient showed adrenal atrophy, cirrhosis, and foamy histiocytes in multiple organs. The brain showed no demyelination, little cytoarchitectural abnormality, occasional perivascular histiocytes in the grey matter and meninges and prominent Purkinje cells in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. In the younger patient the changes were very subtle in spite of the marked clinical similarity. Despite the young age at death the clinicopathological features are most suggestive of infantile Refsum disease. In many situations anatomical pathology can be very useful in the recognition and study of peroxisomal disorders.