呋苄青霉素药代动力学及组织分布的研究

呋苄青霉素是由我国开发成功的一个酰脲类青霉素。本项研究采用微生物法,以狗和正常人为受试对象,以氧哌嗪青霉素和羧苄青霉素为对照进行药代动力学研究,结果表明,3个药的药—时曲线符合二室开放式模型,呋苄青霉素较其它对照药具较高的即刻血浓度和较低的肾清除率。用微生物法和放射自显影法测定的呋苄青霉素在小鼠体内组织分布汪明,呋苄青霉素广泛分布于体内各组织,尤其在肺、肝、肠中的浓度明显高于羧苄青霉素。     

Psychiatric morbidity among people aged 85+ in 1987. A follow-up study at two and a half years: Associations with changes in psychiatric morbidity

This article reports findings from a longitudinal survey of very elderly people living at home in London. The research aimed to identify social, psychological and physical characteristics associated with positive ageing and successful survival in the community in later life and its converse—negative ageing—as well as the associated policy implications. Associations with psychiatric morbidity, measured using the General Health Questionnaire, among sample members without cognitive impairment between the baseline interviews in 1987 and at follow-up, two and a half years later in 1990, are reported. Twenty-five per cent of survivors scored over the threshold of the GHQ in 1987 and 30% scored over the threshold in 1990. Half of those with a score over the threshold in 1990 also scored over the threshold in 1987. Hierarchical regression (using residualized change analysis) was used to estimate the effects of the independent variables on changes in psychiatric morbidity. The most significant predictor of psychiatric morbidity (GHQ score) in 1990 was baseline GHQ score, followed by health and functional status scores. Health and functional status were also the strongest predictors of baseline (1987) GHQ scores. The uniqueness of the study lies in the collection of follow-up data on a sample of very elderly people, given that most surveys are corss-sectional and contain too few people aged 85+ to merit separate analysis. It contributes to the small body of literature on outcome of depression. The lack of consistent associations with recovery from psychiatric morbidity in the literature enhances the importance of studies aiming to identify factors associated with different outcomes.     

Intraoperative radiotherapy in the multidisciplinary treatment of bone sarcomas in children and adolescents

From September 1984 to December 1989, 38 patients of pediatric age with localized bone sarcomas received intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) as part of a multidisci plinary treatment program. The age ranged from 6 to 21 years. The tumor histologies were 22 osteosarcomas and 16 Ewing's sarcomas. Thirty-four had initial primary disease (90%) and 4 were treated for local recurrence (10%). IORT was used on 32 untreated patients and in 6 previously treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBR). The IORT field included the surgically exposed tumor bed area. Single radiation doses ranging from 10 to 20 Gy were delivered, using 6–20 MeV electron beams. The median follow-up time for the entire group is 25 months (2–65+ months). The projected 5-year disease-free and overall survival rates are 65% and 69%, respectively. One patient developed a local recurrence in each histological group: one chondroblastic osteosarcoma and one cervical Ewing's sarcoma. Six patients died from metastatic progression: 3 initially recurrent tumors and three primary disease cases. Severe neuropathy and soft tissue necrosis were seen in some patients as IORT related complications. IORT is a feasible technique to be integrated in multidisciplinary programs that may promote local control in pediatric and adolescent patients with bone sarcomas. Peripheral nerves are dose-limiting tissue structures for IORT.     

基于系统输出分布的智能控制

提出了文题所述的控制策略,依据输出分布曲线的特征变量选取方法和依据该项信息的规则控制系统。仿真研究得到了满意的结果。在一个实验性二元精馏塔上用IBM-PC进行试验亦获成功。本法对具有非线性特性的分布参数对象,较常规控制策略有明显的优越性。     

论网络化时代电视教材的重要性

针对教学实践中重视计算机辅助教学忽视电视教材的倾向，本文通过对网络时代中电视教材的作用和地位的分析，阐述了加强计算机辅助教学的必要性和加强电视教材制作及应用的重要性以及二者间的关系。     

Plasma protein binding of furosemide in the elderly

Summary The protein binding of furosemide was investigated in plasma from 22 old and 11 young subjects by equilibrium dialysis. The unbound fraction of furosemide was 3.16% in plasma from the elderly and 1.71% in plasma from the young. A significant correlation was found between the unbound fraction of furosemide and the plasma concentration of albumin. The average number of binding sites was 3.8 (elderly) and 2.7 (young) 10^–6 mol/g albumin. The average association constant (K) was 4.3 (elderly) and 4.2 (young) 10⁵ M^–1. By increasing the concentration of furosemide up to 200 µg/ml buffer the unbound fraction of the drug rose to 5.2% (elderly) and 3.5% (young).     

Sex differences in the distribution of adipose tissue in the Djungarian hamster Phodopus sungorus

Female Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) have proportionately more adipose tissue in superficial depots than males of similar age and body composition. In both sexes, the proportion in superficial depots increases with increasing fatness. This species may be useful as a model for human obesity because it becomes as obese as modern humans without genetic, surgical or dietary manipulation and the sex differences in adipose tissue distribution resemble those of humans.     

圆形分布法在蝇类季节消长规律中的应用

目的确定蝇类季节消长的高峰日和高峰时段,为制定蝇类防制措施提供科学依据。方法用圆形分布法统计分析绍兴市区2003-2004年蝇类密度监测数据。结果绍兴市区2003-2004年蝇类平均密度高峰日为8月4日,高峰时段为6月8日至9月30日。其中2003年蝇类密度高峰日为8月11日,高峰时段为6月17日至10月5日;2004年蝇类密度高峰日为7月29日,高峰时段为6月1日至9月26日。结论绍兴市区2年中蝇类消长有明显的季节性规律。     

菏泽市城区1008名学龄儿童感觉统合失调调查分析

目的：为了解本市的学龄儿童感觉统合失调的发生率及造成感觉统合失调的有关因素。方法：采用北京感觉统合失调评定表，对6－10岁1008名在校儿童进行整群抽样调查，所获数据经χ^2检验。结果：感觉统合失调发生率为35．52％，其中轻率23．4％，重度12．1％，男童发生率为43．08％，女童发生率为27．89％，男高于女（P＜0．05）。结论：儿童感觉统合失调发生率与父母文化程度、儿童自身智力、学习成绩、出生时缺氧缺血性脑病有关，有关部门要迅速组建机构对感觉统合失调进行训练。     

Uptake and intracellular distribution of idarubicin in secondary cultures of normal and neoplastic urothelium

This study analyzes the uptake and endocellular distribution of idarubicin (IDA) in normal and neoplastic urothelial secondary cultures in relation to the changes in concentration and time of exposure. The urothelial lines were isolated by Freshney's method from biopsy fragments taken from five patients with superficial bladder cancer. Pharmacological experiments were carried out on subcultures previously immunophenotypically characterized and did not exceed ten passages. The uptake and endocellular distribution of IDA was analyzed by densitometric image analysis on cells treated for 10, 20, 30 and 60 min and 2 h with scalar dosages from 10 ng/ml to 2430 ng/ml. Microscopic observations and densitometric analyzes revealed that in the cells treated with IDA, fluorescence was higher in the cytoplasm compared to the nucleus and increased with the change in dosage. Moreover, densitometric data showed that IDA uptake in the first 20 min was higher in the neoplastic cells, but after that period its behavior became heterogeneous at 30 and 60 min, while at 2 h there was an inversion of the trend. These results suggest that the in vitro cytotoxicity should be evaluated in order to verify whether the elevated uptake of IDA in the first 20 min of treatment is really correlated to a more elevated toxicity in the neoplastic cells with respect to the normal cells. This is presently under investigation.