人乳腺癌细胞及其耐药细胞转录因子表达的差异

目的研究阿霉素在不同药敏性肿瘤细胞中转录因子水平的差异,为肿瘤细胞多药耐药机制的研究提供参考。方法通过细胞活力检测野生型乳腺癌细胞(MCF7/W)和对阿霉素耐药的乳腺癌细胞(MCF7/ADM)的药敏性差异;荧光显微镜镜检阿霉素荧光分布;有机溶剂萃取法进行全细胞阿霉素吸收分析;细胞膜和核膜分离检测阿霉素的亚细胞定位;通过转录因子膜分析MCF7/W和MCF7/ADM细胞中转录因子表达差异。结果两株细胞的耐药IC50相差近10 000倍左右;利用镜检和定量分析,发现阿霉素在MCF7/W细胞中主要定位于胞核,而在MCF7/ADM细胞中则蓄积较少且主要定位于胞质;转录因子差异分析发现膜上总345个转录因子中,与野生型细胞相比,耐药细胞的106个转录因子表达上调,32个表达下调。结论阿霉素在耐药细胞与野生型细胞中转录因子表达的差异,可能是干扰阿霉素入核,阻止其功能发挥的基础。     

大鼠血浆中阿霉素HPLC-MS/MS测定法及其在药动学中的应用

目的建立大鼠血浆中阿霉素浓度的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定方法。方法色谱柱:Venusil ASB C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相:乙腈-5 mmol.L-1乙酸铵-甲酸(体积比为35.0∶65.0∶0.5),采用沉淀蛋白法,以多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)扫描方式检测,测定大鼠尾静脉注射阿霉素纳米胶束溶液后血浆中药物浓度。结果血浆中阿霉素质量浓度在1～1 000μg.L-1内线性关系良好,r=0.996 0;日内和日间精密度RSD≤13.2%;阿霉素的平均提取回收率为89.7%～95.7%;阿霉素在大鼠血浆中主要药动学参数为t1/2(30.5±5.2)h,ρmax(954.3±80.6)μg.L-1,AUC0-∞/(290.2±40.4)μg.h.L-1。结论该方法适用于阿霉素在大鼠体内药动学的研究。     

Effect of Shen-qi-di-huang decoction on reducing proteinuria by preserving nephrin in adriamycin-induced nephropathy rats

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Shen-qi-di-huang decoction on reducing proteinuria and to discuss the mechanism of its action in Adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy rats. The rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=12 each group): normal control (group A); ADR model control (group B); ADR + Shen-qi-di-huang decoction (group C). In group B and C, the rats were intravenously injected with ADR (6.5mg/kg). The rats in group C were orally administrated with Shen-qi-di-huang decoction after the injection of ADR. On day 7, 14, 28, 56 after ADR injection, 24h urine protein was detected. On day 28, 56 after ADR injection, ALB, ALT, serum creatinine (Scr) and BUN were examined. The morphological changes of the kidneys were observed by light microscope and electron microscope on day 28, 56 after ADR injection. The expression of nephrin was determined by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR on day 28, 56 after ADR injection. Compared with group B, 24h urine protein and Scr decreased in group C on day 56 (P<0.05). The expression of nephrin determined by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR increased in group C on day 28, 56 (P<0.05). The morphology observed by light microscope and electron microscope improved in group C on day 28, 56. Shen-qi-di-huang decoction decreases proteinuria, protects kidney function, and ameliorates histopathology in ADR-induced rats by preserving nephrin expression.     

Physiological effects of auditory nerve myelinopathy in chinchillas

The goals were to study the physiological effects of auditory nerve myelinopathy in chinchillas and to test the hypothesis that myelin abnormalities could account for auditory neuropathy, a hearing disorder characterized by absent auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) with preserved outer hair cell function. Doxorubicin, a cytotoxic drug used as an experimental demyelinating agent, was injected into the auditory nerve bundle of 18 chinchillas; six other chinchillas were injected with vehicle alone. Cochlear microphonics, compound action potentials (CAPs), inferior colliculus evoked potentials (IC-EVPs), cubic distortion product otoacoustic emissions and ABRs were recorded before and up to 2 months after injection. Cochleograms showed no hair cell loss in any of the animals and measures of outer hair cell function were normal (cubic distortion product otoacoustic emissions) or enhanced (cochlear microphonics) after injection. ABR was present in animals with mild myelin damage (n = 10) and absent in animals with severe myelin damage that included the myelin surrounding spiral ganglion cell bodies and fibers in Rosenthal's canal (n = 8). Animals with mild damage had reduced response amplitudes at 1 day, followed by recovery of CAP and enhancement of the IC-EVP. In animals with severe damage, CAP and IC-EVP thresholds were elevated, amplitudes were reduced, and latencies were prolonged at 1 day and thereafter. CAPs deteriorated over time, whereas IC-EVPs partially recovered; latencies remained consistently prolonged despite changes in amplitudes. The results support auditory nerve myelinopathy as a possible pathomechanism of auditory neuropathy but indicate that myelinopathy must be severe before physiological measures are affected.     

钙激活中性蛋白酶-2对肝癌细胞阿霉素耐药性的影响

目的观察阿霉素作用下,钙激活中性蛋白酶-2(cal-pain-2)在肝癌细胞(HepG2)中的表达及其对细胞存活率的影响,评价其作为抗癌药靶的可能性。方法以倍比稀释的ADM作用于HepG2细胞,用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色(MTT)实验检测阿霉素(Adriamycin,ADM)72 h的半数致死量(LD50);用蛋白质印迹(Western blot)检测的ADM(LD50)作用下,calpain-2和cyclin E的表达和酶解情况;给予calpain-2抑制剂(calpastatin peptide)干预后,用MTT法观察ADM对HepG2细胞存活率的影响。结果 MTT实验结果显示,ADM对HepG2的LD50为2.5μmol.L-1;Western blot发现,随ADM作用时间的延长,calpain-2的表达水平增高(P<0.01),而且被剪切的程度增加(P<0.05);MTT检测ADM对HepG2的作用发现,calpastatin peptide干预的细胞存活率明显低于对照组(P<0.01),Cyclin E被剪切的程度减轻(P<0.01)。结论肝癌细胞HepG2在ADM作用下发生凋亡的同时,也上调calpain-2的表达水平和活性,并通过其信号通路降低对ADM的敏感性,而针对calpain-2的活性抑制可以提高HepG2对ADM敏感性,提示calpain-2可以作为降低肿瘤化疗耐药性的潜在靶点。     

阿霉素对去甲斑蝥素在大鼠体内药动学的影响

目的研究大鼠静脉给予阿霉素（ADM）对去甲斑蝥素（NCTD）体内药物动力学的影响。方法用HPLC-MS方法测定ADM和NCTD合并给药与NCTD单独给药大鼠血浆中的NCTD浓度,比较两者的药动学参数。结果ADM和NCTD合并给药组与NCTD单独给药组相比在分布速度常数（α）、分布相半衰期（t1/2α）、中央室向周边室的转运速度常数（k12）3个药动学参数有统计学差异（P〈0.05）,其余药动学参数之间无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论NCTD与ADM合用时,ADM不会显著影响NCTD在大鼠体内的药动学过程,两药合用增效的原因主要在于药效学上的协同作用。     

Adriamycin induces H2AX phosphorylation in human spermatozoa

Aim： To investigate whether adriamycin induces DNA damage and the formation of γH2AX （the phosphorylated form of histone H2AX） foci in mature spermatozoa. Methods： Human spermatozoa were treated with adriamycin at different concentrations, γH2AX was analyzed by immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry and doublestrand breaks （DSB） were detected by the comet assay. Results： The neutral comet assay revealed that the treatment with adriamycin at 2 μg/mL for different times （0.5, 2, 8 and 24 h）, or for 8 h at different concentrations （0,4, 2 and 10 μg/mL）, induced significant DSB in spermatozoa. Immunofluorent staining and flow cytometry showed that the expression of γH2AX was increased in a dose-dependent and time-dependant manner after the treatment of adriamycin. Adriamycin also induced the concurrent appearance of DNA maintenance/repair proteins RAD50 and 53BP 1 with γH2AX in spermatozoa. Wortmannin, an inhibitor of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K） family, abolished the co-appearance of these two proteins with γH2AX. Conclusion： Human mature spermatozoa have the same response to DSB-induced H2AX phosphorylation and subsequent recruitment of DNA maintenance/ repair proteins as somatic cells.     

注射用益气复脉（冻干）对阿霉素所致心肌损伤大鼠药效及肠道菌群的影响

目的 探讨注射用益气复脉（冻干）（YQFM）对阿霉素导致的心肌损伤大鼠的药效作用及对肠道菌群的影响。方法 将24只阿霉素导致心肌损伤模型成功的SD大鼠随机分为3组：模型组和YQFM低、高剂量（464.3、928.6 mg·kg^-1）组,另取8只健康SD大鼠为对照组。每天尾iv给药1次,连续14 d,对照组和模型组尾iv 0.9%氯化钠注射液。给药过程中观察大鼠状态并称体质量。给药结束后,酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法检测大鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和肌酸激酶（CK）水平;取出心脏进行HE染色观察病理改变;取出盲肠位置粪便,进行高通量16S rRNA测序分析。结果 对照组大鼠一般状态正常,模型组出现毛色变差、厌食、腹胀、腹泻、口鼻出血、眼球出血的动物数明显多于给药组;与对照组比较,模型组大鼠体质量显著降低（P<0.001）;与模型组比较,YQFM低、高剂量组的大鼠体质量显著上升（P<0.01、0.001）。与对照组相比,模型组MDA、LDH、CK水平均显著升高,SOD活性显著性下降（P<0.001） ;与模型组比较,YQFM低、高剂量组MDA、LDH、CK水平显著下降,SOD活性显著升高（P<0.001）。HE结果显示,对照组心肌细胞排列整齐,模型组有心肌细胞溶解和出血现象,给予YQFM后心肌细胞溶解和出血现象减轻。Alpha多样性分析结果显示,与对照组相比,模型组肠道菌群的多样性和丰度均显著下降（P<0.05、0.01） ;与模型组比较,YQFM组肠道菌群的多样性和丰度显著上升（P<0.05、0.01、0.001）。距离矩阵与PCoA分析结果显示,给药组和对照组之间的差异比模型组和对照组的差异小。肠道丰度的结果显示,与对照组相比,模型组在门和属的水平上的菌群数量均显著减少（P<0.01） ;与模型组比较,YQFM低剂量组在门的水平上和低、高剂量组在属的水平上菌群数量均显著增加（P<0.01、0.001）。在菌群物种的组成差异度分析中,与模型组比较,给予YQFM后有助于有益菌的生长和抑制致病菌生长（P<0.05、0.01、0.001） ;在肠道菌群均匀度的分析中,与对照组比,模型组的肠道菌群均匀度降低,给予YQFM后,肠道菌群的均匀度恢复。结论 YQFM对阿霉素导致的大鼠心肌损伤发挥改善作用,并且可改善心肌损伤造成的肠道菌群多样性及丰度下降,抑制致病菌的生长,促进有益菌的生长。