X射线联合阿霉素诱发体外培养心肌细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的观察X射线联合阿霉素对体外培养心肌细胞的损伤作用．探讨X射线联合阿霉素与心肌细胞凋亡的关系。方法用40GyX射线联合5μg／ml阿霉索作用于培养3d的心肌细胞．分别孵育不同时间．用MTT法测定其生长抑制率，测定培养基中乳酸脱免酶（LDH）的含量。并分别用共聚焦显微镜、流式细胞仪技术、DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术检测凋亡发生的情况。结果随着40GyX射线联合5μg／ml阿霉索作用时间的延长（3h、12h、24h、48h）。心肌细胞生长抑制率逐渐增加；培养基中LDH含量明显增加；X射线联合阿霉素使心肌细胞凋亡增加。结论X射线联合阿霉素对心肌细胞的损伤作用较单用X射线或阿霉索增大，联合作用使心肌细胞凋亡率进一步增加。     

阿霉素聚乳酸微球的制备及体外释药特性研究

目的:对阿霉素聚乳酸微球的制备工艺、含量测定及体外释药特性进行初步研究.方法:以人工合成可生物降解聚合物聚乳酸为载体,采用乳化-溶剂挥发法制备阿霉素聚乳酸微球,用UV-260紫外分光光度计测定其药物含量和体外释药量.结果:所制备的阿霉素聚乳酸微球外形圆整,算术平均球径为55.2 μm,载药量为30.21 μg*mg-1,12 h体外累积释药量36%.结论:聚乳酸微球具有很好的控释能力,使用前景广阔.     

去磷酸化RB蛋白表达与人乳腺癌细胞凋亡及药物敏感性的关系

随着肿瘤分子生物学研究的发展,人们已逐步认识到肿瘤的基因表达不但决定肿瘤的发生、发展和预后,而且对肿瘤的化疗药物敏感性也有影响,这些研究结果为探讨化疗药物敏感性的预测奠定了基础[1].RB蛋白通过影响肿瘤的细胞周期而对化疗药物敏感性产生影响.本实验以人乳腺癌细胞为研究对象,探讨去磷酸化RB蛋白与乳腺癌细胞凋亡和对化疗药物敏感性的关系.     

生长抑素增强胆囊癌细胞化疗敏感性的研究

目的 :探讨在生长抑素预先作用下 ,胆囊癌细胞化疗敏感性的变化。方法 :运用生长抑素预先作用于体外培养的人胆囊癌细胞株 ,2 4h后加入梯度浓度的化疗药物阿霉素 ,观察癌细胞的生长曲线 ,并与单独使用化疗药物的癌细胞生长曲线相比较。结果 :阿霉素能够明显抑制胆囊癌细胞的生长 ,其作用呈现效应 -浓度依赖性 (P <0 .0 5)。生长抑素能够诱导离体胆囊癌细胞生长停滞于DNA合成期 (S期)。经生长抑素预处理后 ,阿霉素对癌细胞生长的抑制效果较单独用药为佳 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :生长抑素可增强胆囊癌细胞对化疗药物阿霉素的敏感性。     

蒸馏水与其化疗药物溶液对胃癌MGC-803细胞作用1分钟的灭活效果比较

目的：观察常温蒸馏水、温热蒸馏水和常温蒸馏水加不同化疗药的溶液短时间（1分钟）作用于胃癌细胞MGC-803的结果，从中筛选出能杀灭癌细胞的最低冲洗浓度，为临床胃癌术野的蒸馏水化疗药物冲洗提供实验依据。方法：选取常见胃癌细胞MGC-803为实验对象，以蒸馏水（DW）、43℃温热蒸馏水（HDW）和常用化疗药阿霉素（ADM）、顺铂（DDP）、5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）与蒸馏水混合溶液作为干预方法，分别以不同浓度（DW＋ADM/DDP/5-FU：10/10/50μg/ml、20/20/100μg/ml、40/40/200μg/ml、80/80/400μg/ml、160/160/800μg/ml、320/320/1600μg/ml、640/640/3200μg/ml）的水溶液作用细胞1分钟并用培养液继续培养72小时后进行细胞形态学及MTT实验。结果：蒸馏水化疗药溶液相对于单纯蒸馏水和温热蒸馏水对胃癌细胞具有更强的杀伤作用，结果具有统计学意义（P＜0．01）；筛选出3种化疗药物的最低完全抑制浓度（抑制率＞90％），分别为：ADM 160μg/ml、DDP 320μg/ml、5-FU 1600μg/ml。结论：蒸馏水化疗药溶液相比于单纯蒸馏水及温热蒸馏水可明显增加对胃癌细胞的杀伤作用，筛选出的蒸馏水化疗药溶液最低浓度可对临床胃癌手术以及其他癌症手术术野冲洗液的选择提供一定的实验依据。     

Adriamycin stimulates proliferation of human lymphoblastic leukaemic cells via a mechanism of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production

It is becoming clear that adriamycin cytotoxicity may be mediated by semiquinone-free radicals derived from the drug itself and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent evidence supports the concept that low concentrations of ROS are able to stimulate cell proliferation, and, based on the observation that subtoxic concentrations of adriamycin can also induce cell proliferation, we hypothesize that low concentrations of adriamycin stimulate cell proliferation by a ROS generation mechanism. We have employed spin-trapping and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy to investigate the nature of the adriamycin-generated ROS. The spin trap 3,5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzenesulphonate (DBNBS), which is oxidized in the presence of H₂O₂ and peroxidase enzymes, was used to produce a characteristic three-line spectrum, and it was found that an identical spectrum was produced by human lymphoblastic leukaemic cells (CCRF-CEM cells) after exposure to adriamycin. We tested our hypothesis further by exposing CCRF-CEM cells to subtoxic concentrations of adriamycin (10⁻⁸, 10⁻⁹ and 10⁻¹⁰  M ) and low concentrations of H₂O₂ (10⁻⁸, 10⁻⁹ and 10⁻¹⁰  M ) and subsequently monitored cell proliferation. We found that low concentrations of both adriamycin and H₂O₂ significantly stimulate CCRF-CEM cell proliferation. We therefore conclude that subtoxic concentrations of adriamycin are likely to induce cell proliferation via an H₂O₂ mediated mechanism.     

川芎嗪对阿霉素诱导的大鼠心肌重塑中TGF-β1表达的影响

目的:研究川芎嗪对阿霉素(ADM)诱导的大鼠心肌重塑的影响及是否通过改变TGF-β1的表达产生作用。方法:SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC组,n=8;生理盐水2 m L/kg腹腔注射)、模型组(ADM组,n=9;ADM 2mg/kg腹腔注射)、川芎嗪治疗组(Lig组,n=11;ADM 2 mg/kg+磷酸川芎嗪20 mg/kg腹腔注射)3组。测定各组SD大鼠心重指数(CWI)、左室心脏重量指数(LVWI),光镜下观察心肌病理学变化,免疫组化方法检测各组大鼠心肌组织中Ⅰ、Ⅲ型心肌胶原的表达,Western blot方法检测各组大鼠心肌组织中TGF-β1蛋白的表达。结果:3组大鼠间的心肌纤维化病理改变不同,CWI、LVWI、心肌组织中Ⅰ、Ⅲ型心肌胶原蛋白、Ⅰ/Ⅲ型胶原蛋白比值及TGF-β1蛋白的表达差异有统计学意义(F=5.971、5.556、51.740、57.281、28.934和61.263,P<0.05)。与ADM组相比,Lig组大鼠的心肌纤维化病理改变明显减轻,CWI、LVWI、心肌组织中Ⅰ、Ⅲ型心肌胶原蛋白、Ⅰ/Ⅲ型胶原蛋白比值及TGF-β1蛋白表达明显下降(P<0.05);Lig组大鼠的心肌组织中Ⅰ、Ⅲ型心肌胶原蛋白、Ⅰ/Ⅲ型胶原蛋白比值及TGF-β1蛋白的表达仍高于NC组(P<0.05)。结论:川芎嗪能改善阿霉素诱导的大鼠心肌重塑,其机制可能与影响TGF-β1的表达有关。     

Protective role of melatonin and retinol palmitate in oxidative stress and hyperlipidemic nephropathy induced by adriamycin in rats

Abstract: We have studied the effects of melatonin and retinol palmitate (RP) on the nephropathy and oxidative stress induced by a single and high dose of adriamycin (AD) in Wistar male rats. A dose of melatonin (75 μg/ kg/day) and a dose of RP (0.25 g oily solution/kg/day, sc) were injected 3 and 9 days before and after the administration of AD (25 mg/kg, i.p.), respectively. After the decapitation, samples were taken from the neck vascular trunk in order to determine the triglycerides, total cholesterol, phospholipids, HDL-cholesterol, total proteins, urea, lipoperoxides, and reduced glutathione (GSH). We estimated the lipoperoxide and glutathione (GSH) contents in renal homogenates, and the excretion of proteins in urine over a 24 hr period. The administration of AD caused significant increases in proteinuria and in the other parameters studied [lipids (triglycerides, total cholesterol, phospholipids, and HDL-cholesterol), nonprotein nitrogen compounds, and lipoperoxides]. AD increased the lipoperoxide content, but it decreased the GSH content in the kidney. Both melatonin and RP, although melatonin more significantly, decreased the intensity of the changes produced by the administration of AD alone. In fact, melatonin was quite efficient in reducing the formation of lipoperoxides, restoring renal GSH content and decreasing remarkably the severity of proteinuria. These results support the powerful antioxidant action of melatonin at renal level and a lower antioxidant action of retinol. Likewise, these data reinforce the hypothesis which supports the pathogenetic role and the close relation between the oxidative stress and the expression of the nephropathy induced by AD. However, in spite of this obvious antioxidant effect of melatonin in the kidney, additional studies are required to establish accurately the role of this pineal indole in the regulation and dynamics of the antioxidative defense enzyme system, which neutralizes the damaging effect of free radicals, both endogenous and exogenous, in this organ.     

阿霉素肾病大鼠模型的评价研究

目的 探索阿霉素不同的给药剂量和注射次数对模型的影响,确定阿霉素肾病大鼠模型的最佳造模条件。方法 54只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照及模型A、B、C、D、E、F 7组,对照组于造模第1天尾iv生理盐水;模型A、B、C组于造模第1天分别尾iv阿霉素5.5、6.0、6.5 mg/kg;分别于造模第1、8天,模型D组尾iv阿霉素4.0、2.0 mg/kg,模型E组尾iv阿霉素4.0、2.5 mg/kg,模型F组尾iv阿霉素4.0、3.5 mg/kg。观察注射阿霉素后大鼠的一般状态、体质量、摄食量;于造模第4周末麻醉并处死大鼠,生化自动分析仪检测尿白蛋白/尿肌酐比值（ACR）、血清生化指标;HE染色观察肾脏组织形态学改变。结果 造模后,模型组大部分出现脱毛、腹泻、摄食量减少、体质量增长缓慢等症状。与对照组比较,各模型组于给药第1周ACR开始升高,且模型C、E、F组明显高于对照组（P<0.01）,单次造模组于第3周达峰,并于造模第4周开始出现不同程度的回调,而分次模型组呈现出持续稳定增长,于第4周达峰。除F组尿素氮（BUN）高于对照组外,各模型组BUN、肌酐（CREA）、总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）均有不同程度降低;大部分模型组总胆固醇（TC）和三酰甘油（TG）明显高于对照组（P<0.05、0.01）。病理切片显示,各模型组肾小球和肾小管出现不同程度损伤,且随造模剂量上升病变加重。结论 经改良间隔1周2次重复尾iv阿霉素可以高效、成功地建立阿霉素肾病大鼠模型,较其他造模组肾功能及病理改变更为典型、稳定,效果更佳。     

卡维地洛对阿霉素心肌病兔氧化应激的影响

目的:研究卡维地洛对阿霉素心肌病兔氧化应激的影响,并探讨氧化应激与慢性心肌毒性之间的关系。方法:将40只日本长耳白兔随机分为对照组、阿霉素组、美托洛尔组和卡维地洛组,每组各10只。耳缘静脉注射阿霉素(每次1ml.kg-1,每周2次,共8周)建立阿霉素心肌病模型,对照组采用耳缘静脉注射0.9%氯化钠(每次1ml.kg-1,每周2次,共8周)。3周后,对照组和阿霉素组以0.9%氯化钠(5ml.kg-1.d-1)灌胃,美托洛尔组和卡维地洛组分别给予美托洛尔(5mg.kg-1.d-1)和卡维地洛(5mg.kg-1.d-1)灌胃。2个月后,超声心动图观察各组心脏结构变化,检测兔血清中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)和N末端前体脑钠肽(NT-proBNP)水平,并制备兔左室楔形心肌块的灌注模型,记录快频率程序刺激条件下室性心律失常的发生率。结果:与对照组比较,阿霉素组左室舒张末径(LVEDd)增大、左室射血分数(LVEF)降低(均P<0.05),血清SOD活性降低、NT-proBNP和MDA浓度升高,室性心律失常发生率增加(均P<0.05)。与阿霉素组比较,美托洛尔组无显著性变化,卡维地洛组LVEDd缩小、LVEF升高(均P<0.05),血清SOD活性增加、NT-proBNP和MDA浓度降低,室性心律失常发生率明显降低(均P<0.05)。结论:与美托洛尔比较,卡维地洛对阿霉素心肌病有保护作用,并能降低室性心律失常的发生,其机制与氧化自由基降低密切相关。