俄歇电子发射体67Ga-EDTMP 对骨肉瘤细胞株辐射效应的形态学变化

目的　研究俄歇电子发射体67Ga-EDTMP对人骨肉瘤细胞株 (HOS - 86 0 3)的辐射效应 ,探讨67Ga作为原发肿瘤和骨转移癌内照射治疗核素的可能性。方法　用成集落实验和透射电镜研究受照细胞的形态变化。结果　发现67Ga-EDTMP对肿瘤细胞有明显的杀伤和抑制增殖作用 ,并随剂量的加大 ,抑制效率增加 ;倒置显微镜下细胞集落数量减少 ,集落偏小 ,细胞稀疏。电镜下胞浆中空泡形成 ,细胞溶解、坏死 ,细胞核固缩 ,出现典型的细胞凋亡改变 ,形成凋亡小体。结论　67Ga可能是一种有前途的骨肉瘤和骨转移癌的放射性治疗核素     

局部野放射治疗骨转移瘤的经验分析

目的 通过对比分析局部野放射治疗骨转移瘤的3种分割方法,以寻求产生最好效果的方法。材料和方法 104例骨转移患者,其中30例单次放疗8 Gy,31例4 Gy×5次,43例2 Gy×20次。结果与结论 2 Gy×20次的放疗方法产生较高的疼痛缓解率,较低的疼痛复发率,说明较高剂量的、分割照射疗效较佳。     

鼻咽癌放射治疗前后鼻窦炎的CT观察

目的：研究鼻咽癌放射治疗与鼻窦炎的关系。方法：对１２７例鼻咽癌放疗前、后病人的鼻咽ＣＴ进行观察,并对鼻窦炎的发病情况及其相关因素进行分析。结果：放疗前鼻窦炎发病率为４９％,放疗后鼻窦炎发病率为８６％,其中放疗前无鼻窦炎者放疗后７２％患有鼻窦炎。放疗后６个月至１年是发生鼻窦炎的高峰期。结论：鼻咽癌患者的鼻窦炎的发病率较高,其发病与肿瘤的Ｔ分期、肿瘤的发生部位等因素有关。放疗可便鼻窦炎的发病率增加,谚     

晚期和复发头颈癌立体定向放射治疗近期疗效观察

目的 探讨晚期和复发头颈癌立体定向放射治疗的近期疗效、并发症等。方法 １９９７年１０月至１９９８年１０月采用立体定向放射治疗（ＳＲＴ）晚期和复发的头颈癌２８例,其中ＮＰＣ１７例,鼻腔副鼻窦肿瘤４例,舌根癌３例,喉癌２例、颈段椎管内髓外肿瘤术后残留外侵１例,软腭癌１例,肿瘤体积在,最大径２．５￣７．０ｃｍ,中位数４．５ｃｍ,１５例患者有严重的局部疼产能等闰状,３例有鼻阻塞、照射剂量４￣８Ｇｙ／次,隔     

鼻咽癌放疗后局部复发和纤维化的增强CT鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨鼻咽癌放疗后出现块影时,ＣＴ检查对鉴别肿瘤局部复发和放射性纤维化的价值。方法收集１５９例经ＣＴ检查的鼻咽癌,其中放疗后局部复发（ＲＴ）３７例,放射性纤维化（ＲＦ）５４例,以６８例未经放疗的鼻咽癌（ＰＴ）作对比。使用ＥＬＳｃｉｎｔｓｐｒｉｎｔ２０００型ＣＴ机,测量放疗后出现的块影平扫和强化的ＣＴ值,用统计学的方差分析法处理增强前后的ＣＴ值差异。结果ＲＴ组平扫ＣＴ值为５０．４０±８．１０Ｈｕ,增强为７３．７４±７．３７Ｈｕ;ＲＦ组平扫为４８．６２±１０．１５Ｈｕ,增强为５６．７４±８．６９Ｈｕ;对照组（ＰＴ）病变区平扫为４８．３２±９．２０Ｈｕ,增强为７２．３８±７．７５Ｈｕ。测量表明ＲＴ组有明显强化,ＲＴ组与ＲＦ组强化后ＣＴ值差异有非常显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论鼻咽癌放疗后出现块影时,ＣＴ增强扫描可作为鉴别诊断的重要方法。     

PF方案化放治疗晚期鼻咽癌的远期疗效

目的探索用ＰＤＤ／５－Ｆｕ方案化放治疗晚期鼻咽癌的疗效。方法１９８９年１２月～１９９０年１２月间,选择７６例Ⅲ、Ⅳ期鼻咽癌患者,先作３周期ＰＤＤ（２０ｍｇ（ｍ２）－１ｄ－１,ｉｖ,第１～５天）和５－Ｆｕ［７００ｍｇ（ｍ２）－１ｄ－１,连续静脉滴注,第１～５天］诱导化疗,随后尽快作放疗,此为综合治疗组。以１９８９年作单纯放疗的８６例晚期鼻咽癌患者作对照组。两组放疗方法、时间／剂量分割均相同。结果化疗有效率为８９．３％,完全缓解率为１８．４％。综合治疗组（综合组）总的５年生存率为４８．７％,对照组为３３．７％（Ｐ＞０．０５）。综合组Ｔ２Ｎ３和Ｔ２～４Ｎ３患者的５年生存率为４４．１％和３９．５％,均明显高于对照组的２１．６％及２０．４％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论ＰＦ方案化放治疗提高了Ｔ２～４Ｎ３患者的５年生存率。     

Nongastrointestinal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas: Clinical and therapeutic features of 24 localized patients

Background: Peripheral B-cell lymphoma of the marginal zone (MALT, low-grade), presenting as localized, extranodal disease, usually affects the elderly. The gastrointestinal tract is the most frequently involved extranodal location, representing 70% of all MALT lymphomas. Recently, numerous other extranodal sites involved by MALT lymphomas have also been described.Patients and methods: From January 1990 to October 1995, 24 patients with untreated nongastrointestinal low-grade MALT lymphoma were submitted to treatments ranging from the local approach of radiotherapy and local -interferon (-IFN) administration to chemotherapy. The tumours were located in the lung (seven cases), conjunctiva (four cases), lachrymal gland and orbital soft tissue (four cases), salivary glands (three cases), skin (three cases), breast (two cases)' and thyroid (one case). All patients had low-grade stage IE tumours.Results: Chemotherapy was administered in 11 patients (six with lung, three with salivary gland, one with breast, and one with thyroid locations); radiation therapy was employed in seven patients (three with lachrymal gland, three with skin, and one with breast locations); local -IFN administration was administered in five patients (four with conjunctival, and one with lachrymal gland sites); and surgery was employed in one patient with a lung tumour. All patients achieved complete remissions; three local recurrences and two relapses in other sites were observed. The global five-year survival rate was 100% with a relapse-free survival rate of 79%.Conclusions: These data confirm the significant efficacy of different therapeutic approaches to specific sites inbes obtaining a good remission rate for nongastrointestinal localized low-grade MALT lymphomas.     

Intraoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of neuroblastoma: Report of a pilot study

Background: External beam radiotherapy in advanced neuroblastoma is limited by the volume of normal radiosensitive tissues included in the radiation field. Limitations to external radiation are the late effects to these tissues. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) delivers a single high-radiation dose to a tumor while displacing normal tissues that would have been included in an external field. Standard external radiotherapy can still be done after boost IORT. Methods: Eight advanced-stage neuroblastoma patients who received IORT as part of their multimodality therapy were reviewed to identify the impact of IORT on operative time, complications, and tumor control in the treatment field. The IORT was accomplished by patient transport from the OR to the radiation therapy suite; these were separated by three floors. Results: IORT added 30–75 min to the operative procedure. Tumors in the resection/IORT fields showed no evidence of disease (one), stable tumor size (six), and tumor recurrence (one). Two complications were identified: a urinary fistula and CO₂ retention, which was detected and corrected before the IORT. Neither of these complications was related to the IORT. Two patients who had subsequent tumor resection after IORT demonstrated tumor differentiation to ganglioneuromatous tissue. Conclusions: IORT usually can be completed in less than an hour. No IORT-associated complications were identified. IORT along with maximal tumor resection, external radiation, and chemotherapy enhances local tumor control.Presented in part at the 47th Annual Symposium of The Society of Surgical Oncology, Houston, TX, March 17–20, 1994.     

29例髓母细胞瘤术后放射治疗

目的：回顾２９ 例髓母细胞瘤术后放疗,对影响生存情况的因素进行分析。方法：手术后病理证实的２９例髓母细胞瘤,先行卡氮芥（ＢＣＮＵ）化疗,再行６０钴常规分割照射：全脑剂量（ＤＴ）２２～４０ Ｇｙ;原发病灶追加ＤＴ１５～２２ Ｇｙ;全脊髓轴ＤＴ２５～３５ Ｇｙ。结果：１、３、５、８ 年生存率分别为８９．６％ （２６／２９）、５５．２％ （１６／２９）、３０．４％ （７／２３）、２５．０％ （４／１６）。结论：病人生存期长短与手术切除范围、术后接受放疗时间、放射剂量及是否行化疗有关。     

肾上腺区巨大肿瘤的影像学定位诊断和介入治疗评价

①目的　探讨不同影像学检查方法对肾上腺区巨大肿瘤的定位诊断及介入治疗的价值。②方法　收集经手术和病理证实、肿瘤直径＞ １０ｃｍ 的肾上腺区巨大肿瘤病人１７ 例,对其诊断和治疗进行总结分析。③结果１７例中ＣＴ定位诊断正确１１ 例,占６４．７％ ;Ｂ超诊断正确７ 例,占４１．２％ ．５ 例行ＤＳＡ 检查,定位诊断正确率达１００％ ,均行肾上腺动脉栓塞治疗后手术切除。④结论　各种影像学检查方法,对肾上腺区巨大肿瘤的定位诊断正确率由高到低依次为ＤＳＡ,ＣＴ和Ｂ超。介入治疗既可作为手术前栓塞治疗,也可作为不能手术切除肿瘤的姑息性治疗。