社区属地化产后访视新模式实施效果评估

目的：探讨南桥镇社区卫生服务中心属地化产后访视新模式实施效果。方法：对比分析2013年1－10月和2014年1—10月南桥镇社区卫生服务中心实施属地化产后访视新模式前后的产后访视率、及时率、产妇满意率及母乳喂养率的变化情况。结果：实施属地化产后访视新模式以来,产后访视率、及时率、产妇满意率及母乳喂养率均比实施前有显著提高,2014年产后访视率、及时率和满意度分别比2013年提高了9.02%、13%和17%（P＜0.05）。结论：社区属地化产后访视新模式是提高产后访视质量的有效措施,有利于母婴健康,有效提高母乳喂养率。     

CT引导下带钩钢丝术前定位在胸腔镜下孤立性肺小结节切除术中的应用

Objective Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) provides a minimally invasive approach to resect small solitary pulmonary nodules (SSPN). The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative CT-guided hookwire localization for SSPN in VATS. Methods Hookwire was used to localize 26 SSPN under CT guidance in 24 patients (14 male, 10 female, age range 21-61 years, mean 52.3 years), preoperatively, and wedge resection was performed through VATS. The lesion size, distance from the lesion to parietal pleura, the time of localization and complications were evaluated. Results All the 26 pulmonary nodules were preoperatively detected and localized with hookwire under CT-guidance. The mean lesion size was 10.05 ± 3.08 nun in diameter, and the mean distance from lesion to parietal pleura was 10.09±2. 62 mm. The mean localization time was 20. 18±7.16 min, and then the nodules were removed by VATS within 18 ± 6. 65 min. The major complication of CT-guided hookwire localization was mild pneumothorax in 6 patients (25.0%), but no one needed chest tube drainage. The dislodgment of hookwire was found in only one patient (4.2%) during the operation, but the lesion was still successfully resected under VATS. Of those patients, 8 were confirmed to have a primary NSCLC by rapid pathologic diagnosis during VATS wedge resection, and then VATS lobectomies were performed. Condusion The preoperative CT-guided hookwire localization for small solitary pulmonary nodules is an effective and safe technique to assist VATS resection of the nodules.     

LCE3C在皮肤癌组织中分布和细胞定位及其调控机制的初步研究

目的 研究LCE3C蛋白在皮肤鳞状细胞癌( SCC)以及基底细胞癌( BCC)中的分布及其调控的分子机制. 方法免疫组织化学法检测LCE3C在SCC和BCC组织中的表达. 构建绿色荧光蛋白融合表达的 LCE3C 重组表达载体pLCE3C-GFP,转染人SCC细胞系A431,采用激光共聚焦显微镜分析LCE3C在A431细胞中的定位. Western blot法检测转录因子GRHL3对LCE3C表达的影响.结果 免疫组化结果显示,与正常皮肤组织比较,LCE3C在SCC和BCC组织中表达明显增加;在皮肤癌组织中LCE3C主要分布在表皮的角质层. 激光共聚焦结果显示,LCE3C主要分布在细胞外基质( ECM )中;Western blot 结果显示,与角质形成细胞( HaCaT)比较, A431 细胞中 GRHL3 表达量显著降低,而LCE3C表达量明显增高;过量表达 GRHL3 的细胞( A431/GRHL3)LCE3C表达量显著降低.结论 与正常皮肤组织比较, LCE3C在皮肤癌中的表达增加,主要分布在皮肤角质层的ECM;转录因子GRHL3与皮肤癌组织LCE3C的表达呈负相关性.     

超声体表定位用于颈内静脉中路穿刺置管的实用性观察

目的 通过比较超声定位、引导和解剖标志定位右颈内静脉穿刺置管的成功率和并发症,阐述超声体表定位应用于颈内静脉穿刺置管的临床意义.方法 择期手术患者150例,美国麻醉师协会分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,计算机随机号码表随机化分为解剖标志组、超声体表定位组和超声引导组,每组50例.全麻气管内插管后行右侧颈内静脉穿刺置管,解剖标志组采用体表解剖标志定位中路法穿刺,超声体表定位组和超声引导组分别在B超体表定位和引导下行颈内静脉中路穿刺.记录颈内静脉与颈总动脉的关系、穿刺针入静脉位置、穿刺成功率、穿刺点更换次数及并发症.结果 超声扫查显示右侧颈内静脉与颈总动脉的关系可分为:并行、部分重叠、完全重叠3种,其中并行关系占12.7％、部分重叠占69.3％、完全重叠占18.0％;颈内静脉“安全穿刺范围”平均为(1.15±0.47)cm;超声体表定位组和超声引导组一针穿刺成功率分别为78.0％和82.0％,明显大于解剖标志组的22.0％ (P ＜0.05);而并发症解剖标志组(12.0％)明显高于超声体表定位组(0)和超声引导组(0)(P＜0.05).结论 超声体表定位可通过声像图了解穿刺横截面内动、静脉的内径、关系及走向,及早发现变异,避免穿刺的盲目性,是一种必要、可行的颈内静脉穿刺置管的辅助手段,因其操作简便、无需他人配合,更适合应用于临床工作.     

B 超定位下行体外电磁冲击波碎石术治疗男性尿道结石60例临床体会

目的：总结男性尿道结石在B超定位下行体外电磁冲击波碎石术（ ESWL）治疗的临床体会。方法选取60例男性尿道结石患者在B超定位下采取多种体位行ESWL治疗。结果59例尿道结石ESWL治疗后结石成功排净,1例碎石失败（因患者在碎石过程中情绪过于紧张,放弃碎石治疗）,成功率为98.3％。结论男性尿道结石在B超定位下行ESWL治疗效果好,值得在临床上推广应用。     

钼靶美兰染色定位下早期乳腺癌的活检

目的:探讨提高早期乳腺癌切除活检准确性和诊断准确率的方法。方法:对我科2003年6月~2007年3月收治的40例钼靶怀疑早期乳腺癌的患者进行钼靶美兰染色定位下乳腺病灶切除活检手术。结果:40例患者中有35例术中一次切取活检成功,5例第2次活检成功,总成功率100%;40例患者中6例为微小浸润型导管癌,1例为小叶原位癌,24例为导管内癌,5例为重度非典型增生,4例为其他良性增生。结论:钼靶美兰染色定位下乳腺病灶切除活检可有效提高早期乳腺癌切除的准确性以及早期乳腺癌的诊断准确率,是诊断早期乳腺癌的一种行之有效、效果确切的重要检查方法。     

基于超声定位的火器贯穿伤标准化动物损伤模型的构建

目的:基于超声定位技术,构建一种模拟真实战场环境下的股动脉火器贯穿伤标准化动物损伤模型.方法:选择体质量指数与人体相当的10只长白猪作为实验对象,采用定制弹道步枪和欧盟制式子弹作为致伤武器,使用自制超声引导定位架作为辅助血管定位装置.采用超声探头定位实验动物左侧股动脉血管位置,利用超声引导定位架和致伤架将实验动物的股动...     

Mid-mediastinal parathyroid lesions: Preoperative localization and surgical approach in two cases

Although hyperfunctioning mediastinal parathyroid lesions that require median sternotomy or thoracotomy for removal are occasionally present, the majority are located in the anterior mediastinum closely associated with the thymus. Only eight cases of ectopic hyperfunctioning parathyroid tumors in the middle mediastinum have been reported. We experienced two cases of either persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism in which abnormal parathyroid tissue was located in the aorticopulmonary window. One of the patients had a parathyroid adenoma and the other had metastatic lesions of parathyroid carcinoma. In both cases, thallium scanning proved useful in identifying the lesions while computed tomography scan was effective for mediastinal three-dimensional localization. In one case, single photon emission computed tomography imaging with thallium proved beneficial for both identification and localization of the middle mediastinal lesion. The surgical approach used in both cases was different. In one case, left thoracotomy was performed, after which the ligamentum arteriosum was divided, and an adenoma anterior to the left main bronchus and posterior to the left pulmonary artery removed. In the other case, two metastatic tumors of parathyroid carcinoma anterior to the right main bronchus and posterior to the right pulmonary artery were resected through a median sternotomy and opening of the pericardium.     

高频彩超对乳腺小病灶的诊断及术前导丝定位的应用价值

目的探讨乳腺小病灶的高频彩超诊断及术前导丝定位的应用价值并结合病理分析,评价彩超对乳腺浸润前病变及浸润性小乳腺癌的诊断价值.方法对53例患者的67个乳腺病灶的超声声像表现进行分析,病灶大小约5～15 mm,其中35个病灶直径10 mm,彩超引导下病灶内置入导丝定位后,行病灶切除术,并结合病理对比分析,建立二分类Logistic回归模型,依据OR值对预测浸润前病变及浸润性小乳癌的危险度进行排序.结果（1）超声引导下术前导丝定位后,准确完整地切除了67个病灶,切除率100%;（2）Logistic回归分析显示3个引入模型的超声特征依据0R值进行危险度的排序：后方回声衰减（6.177）〉血流丰富（5.750）〉形态不规则（2.950）.结论高频彩超在乳腺小病灶术前诊断及导丝定位中具有重要价值,彩超所示的二维声像及血流信息,可提高乳腺癌前病变及浸润性小乳癌的早期诊断率     

吲哚菁绿在胸腔镜肺小结节手术定位中的应用价值

目的 探讨吲哚菁绿在胸腔镜下肺小结节手术定位中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2020年10月至2021年2月采用吲哚菁绿进行术前定位并接受胸腔镜下肺小结节(直径小于1 cm)切除术的45例病例资料,对患者的年龄、病灶直径、结节距胸膜距离、结节密度、吲哚菁绿定位成功率、定位时间、并发症发生率、病理结果进行分析。结果 吲哚菁绿定位靶病灶的成功率100%,平均结节大小6.3 mm,结节距壁层胸膜(10±11)mm,59枚结节定位后CT扫描发现局部少量气胸13例(22.0%),少量出血4例(6.7%),手术成功率100%,术后病理证实肺腺癌43例(72.9%)。结论 吲哚菁绿在胸腔镜下肺小结节手术定位中定位成功率高,安全性良好。