HPV genotyping in cervical cancer in Northern Thailand: adapting the linear array HPV assay for use on paraffin-embedded tissue

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to review our experience with abdominal radical trachelectomy in patients with early-stage cervical cancer.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of all patients who underwent an abdominal radical trachelectomy at the Instituto de Cancerologia—Clinica las Americas in Medellin, Colombia, between April 2002 and January 2008. Data collected included age, stage, histopathologic subtype, tumor size, evidence of lymph-vascular space invasion, estimated blood loss, number of perioperative blood transfusions, number and disease status of lymph nodes removed, disease status of surgical specimen, length of hospital stay, intraoperative and postoperative complications, follow-up time, and fertility outcomes.ResultsFifteen patients underwent an abdominal radical trachelectomy during the study period. The median patient age was 30 years (range, 25–38). Three patients had stage IA2 and 12 had stage IB1 cervical cancer. Eleven patients had squamous cell carcinoma and 4 had adenocarcinoma. Thirteen patients were diagnosed by cervical conization and 2 by colposcopically directed biopsy. All patients had tumors smaller than 2 cm. The median estimated blood loss was 400 ml (range, 200–1000). The median surgical time was 265 min (range, 210–330). The median number of units of packed red blood cells transfused per patient was 2. The median number of lymph nodes removed was 26 (range, 11–48). The median length of hospitalization was 3 days (range, 2–7). The median follow-up time was 32 months (range, 5–32). There was 1 intraoperative complication and 6 postoperative complications in 4 patients. No patient has had a recurrence. Three patients were able to conceive spontaneously; 1 delivered at 31 weeks' gestation, and 2 delivered at term.ConclusionAbdominal radical trachelectomy is feasible and can be performed safely in a developing country in well-selected patients with early cervical cancer who wish to preserve their fertility.     

Pathophysiology of fibroid disease: angiogenesis and regulation of smooth muscle proliferation

Uterine fibroids are the most common tumours presenting in women. The pathophysiology of fibroids is poorly understood, but disordered angiogenesis and altered smooth muscle cell proliferation are believed to play a role. In this review, current knowledge of both of these processes will be summarized. Differences between 'normal' adjacent myometrium and fibroid tumours within the same uterus are outlined. Exploiting these differences represents one of the best opportunities for the development of medical treatments that target fibroid tissue selectively.     

Effects of TGFbeta1 and extracts from Cervus korean TEMMINCK var. mantchuricus Swinhoe on acute and chronic arthritis in rats

AIM OF THE STUDY: To elucidate the pharmacological activities of deer antler acupuncture and TGF61538;1 on the acute and chronic phases of rheumatoid arthritis diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Polyarthritis rats were administered with TGF61538;1 and water extract of deer antler acupunture (DAA), prepared from the pilose antler of Cervus korean TEMMINCK var. mantchuricus Swinhoe. TGF61538; (0.1 to 2 61549;g/animal) and DAA (5-100 61549;g/kg animal) were initiated 1 day before an arthritogenic dose of streptococcal cell wall fragments to see the effects on the joint swelling and distortion during the acute phase and the chronic phase of the disease. Arthritic index suppression of rat arthritis model was examined by TGF61538; and DAA administrations. RESULTS: TGF61538;1 and DAA diminished the polyarthritis development in rats. TGF61538; and DAA eliminated the joint swelling and distortion observed during the acute phase and the chronic phase of the disease. The TGF61538; and DAA suppressed the arthritis progress when administration was begun after acute phase of arthritis. DISCUSSION: Consistent with the inhibition of inflammatory cell recruitment into the synovium, TGF61538;1 and DAA reversed the leukocytosis associated with the chronic phase of the arthritis, respectively.     

淫羊藿对哮喘大鼠肺组织RANTES及MCP-3表达的影响

目的 观察补肾中药淫羊藿对哮喘大鼠肺组织调节激活正常T细胞表达和分泌因子(regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted,RANTES)、单核细胞趋化蛋白3（monocyte chemotactic protein-3,MCP-3）表达的影响,进一步探讨淫羊藿防治哮喘的作用机制。 方法 将挪威大鼠随机分成6组：正常组、模型组、阳性药组（给地塞米松）、淫羊藿低、中、高剂量组（分别给淫羊藿0.125、0.5、2.0 g/mL)。用Real-time PCR法检测肺组织RANTES、MCP-3 mRNA的表达,ELISA法检测各组血清中肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素（IL）4、5的含量。结果 与模型组比较,各用药组大鼠肺组织RANTES、MCP-3 mRNA的表达下调（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,TNF-α水平均明显降低（P=0.000）,阳性药组和淫羊藿中、高剂量组IL-4水平均明显下降（P=0.007,P=0.047,P=0.033）, IL-5水平仅见阳性药组和淫羊藿高剂量组显著下降（P=0.003,P=0.005）。结论 哮喘发作期给予淫羊藿可减轻哮喘气道炎症,并且其与抑制肺组织RANTES、MCP-3表达有关。     

限制性输液复苏法对失血性休克孕兔血流动力学变化的影响

目的 探讨限制性输液复苏法对失血性休克孕兔血流动力学变化及血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)含量变化的影响.方法 将20只妊娠中晚期新西兰大白兔分为2组,分别采用生理盐水传统输液复苏法(PNL组)及限制性输液复苏法(PLH组),每组10只.建立非控制性失血性休克模型,实验设计分为休克期(0～30 min),院前复苏期(30～90 min)及院内复苏期(90～180 min).休克期:两组孕兔均接受颈动脉放血至平均动脉压(MAP)为40～45 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa).院前复苏期:剪开两组孕兔孕囊血管放血,复制活动性出血模型,然后PNL组和PLH组孕兔分别接受生理盐水及自身血复苏至MAP为80、60 mm Hg.院内复苏期:两组孕兔均接受手术止血及输血、输液治疗.比较两组孕兔各时间点血流动力学、TNF-α及IL-6含量的变化,记录输血、输液量及生存率.结果 (1)120 min时,PLH组孕兔呼吸、心率分别为(66±16)、(235±41)次,PNL组分别为(78±16)、(291±37)次,两组分别比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);PLH组孕兔MAP和中心静脉压(CVP)分别为(80.4±7.2)mm Hg、(8.0±4.4)cm H2O,PNL组孕兔分别为(72.5±8.2)mm Hg、(5.8±3.1)cm H2O,两组分别比较,差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.01);(2)两组孕兔血清TNF-α、IL-6含量休克后均升高,且在240 min时达高峰,PLH组孕兔血清TNF-α、IL-6含量分别为(105±67)、(118±51)ng/L,PNL组分别为(280±160)、(311±240)ng/L,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),且PLH组孕兔血清TNF-α、IL-6含量在480 min时已降至正常;(3)PLH组输血、输液量在院前复苏期分别为(16.0±2.2)、(39.0±5.5)ml,在院内复苏期分别为(28.0±6.7)、(90.0±7.1)ml,PNL组在院前复苏期分别为(31.0±8.2)、(85.0±7.9)ml,在院内复苏期分别为(37.5±9.4)、(140.0±24.8)ml,两组比较,差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.05);(4)PLH组孕兔24、72 h的生存率分别为100%、90%;PNL组为80%、60%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 限制性输液有利于失血性休克孕兔血流动力学指标的恢复,缓解血清TNF-α、IL-6含量升高的程度,从而提高了动物生存率.     

CA19-9、CA125和CP2在卵巢黏液性肿瘤诊断和监测中的价值

目的探讨血清肿瘤标志物CA19-9、CA125及CP2在卵巢黏液性肿瘤诊断和监测中的价值。方法对北京大学人民医院1999年1月至2007年6月间收治的273例卵巢肿瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,探讨血清肿瘤标志物CA19-9、CA125及CP2在50例卵巢黏液性肿瘤诊断和监测中的价值,并与223例卵巢非黏液性肿瘤进行比较。结果（1）卵巢黏液性肿瘤中,CA19-9的曲线下面积最大（为0．95）,其次是CA125（为0．90）;而卵巢非黏液肿瘤中,CA125和CP2的曲线下面积最大（均为0．90）。（2）卵巢黏液性肿瘤患者联合检测CA19-9和CA125时,其敏感度（93．8％）较单项检测（CA19-9和CA125分别为75．0％和66．7％）明显提高（P〈0．05）,而特异度（分别为86．1％、86．6％和90．2％）无明显变化（P〉0．05）。卵巢非黏液性肿瘤患者联合检测CA125和CP2时的敏感度（85．0％）,较CP2（70．6％）单项检测明显提高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;较CA125（80．7％）单项检测虽有提高,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;3者的特异度（分别为90．2％、88．5％和93．9％）比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。（3）82例卵巢恶性肿瘤术前血清肿瘤标志物阳性患者中。可行满意的肿瘤细胞减灭术患者[70％（57／82）]的血清肿瘤标志物于术后2个月内降为正常的百分率高于未能行满意肿瘤细胞减灭术者（分别为75％和28％）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;且其术后血清肿瘤标志物再次上升的平均时间延长（分别为18．2和16．4个月）,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;复发率（分别为35％和56％）及死亡率（分别为14％和32％）降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。20例术前血清肿瘤标志物阴性患者均可行满意的肿瘤细胞减灭术,其中复发患者仅2例（10％）。（4）卵巢黏液性肿瘤患者术后复发时多为血清CA19-9水平上升,而卵巢非黏液性肿瘤术后复发时主要为血清CA125水平上升,部分患者血清CP2水平也上升。（5）术前血清肿瘤标志物阳性患者较阴性患者生存率明显下降,其中CA125（＋）与CA125（-）、CP2（＋）与CP2（-）患者间生存率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;而CA19-9（＋）与CA19-9（-）患者间生存率比较,差异则无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论CA19-9是诊断卵巢黏液性肿瘤的敏感指标,与CA125联合检测可提高对卵巢黏液性肿瘤诊断的敏感度,并对术后监测有重要临床意义。CA125和CP2联合检测则对诊断卵巢非黏液肿瘤更敏感。     

Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with heterologous gastrointestinal epithelium as a source of alpha-fetoprotein: a case report

Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCT) are rare sex cord stromal neoplasms. To date there have been approximately 25 case reports of ovarian SLCT expressing alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). In such cases, AFP was immunohistochemically detected in the Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, or hepatocytes. This case report confirms heterologous gastrointestinal epithelium expression of AFP. A 20-year-old woman presented with complaints of abdominal enlargement and irregular menstrual cycles over one year. A right ovarian tumor was detected and the patient's serum AFP was elevated. A right salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. On microscopic examination, the tumor was composed of a fibrosarcoma-like area and a poorly differentiated SLCT area with heterologous gastrointestinal epithelium. Immunohistochemical analysis detected AFP in the gastrointestinal epithelium only. Postoperatively, serum AFP levels fell to normal. A recurrent tumor was discovered in the omentum after adjuvant chemotherapy, but serum AFP remained normal. A second laparotomy was performed and the recurrent tumor showed only fibrosarcoma-like features. The patient received second line chemotherapy and is currently in remission. This is the first case of AFP production by heterologous gastrointestinal epithelium in SLCT.     

Ovarian stromal luteoma in a patient with endometrial carcinoma

A 65-year-old patient with endometrial adenocarcinoma underwent hysterectomy. Pathological examination of the right ovary revealed a coexisting stromal luteoma. The possible relationship between the two neoplasms as well as the intriguing pathogenesis and controversial nomenclature of ovarian steroid cell tumors are discussed. The incidental discovery of a stromal luteoma in a total hysterectomy specimen removed for endometrial carcinoma raises interesting questions about the perceived innocuous nature of these rare lipid cell tumors.