Effect of traditional Chinese medicine Shu-Mai-Tang on attenuating TNFalpha-induced myocardial fibrosis in myocardial ischemia rats

Shu-Mai-Tang (SMT) is a traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of ischemic heart disease. The effect of SMT on inflammation-induced myocardial fibrosis, left ventricular (LV) remodeling, and the potential mechanism in myocardial ischemia (MI) rats were investigated. Rats with ligated left anterior descending coronary artery (MI model) were randomly divided into three groups (SMTL, SMTH, and MIR). A group undergoing Sham operation (Sham; n=16) was also included. SMT (342 or 1710 mg/kg for SMTL or SMTH groups, respectively) was orally administered daily for 1 and 6 weeks. Cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis, serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) concentration, the cardiac expressions of phosphorylated p38 MAPK and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TNFalpha were examined by echocardiography, histological staining, radioimmunoassay, western blot, respectively. In the present study, significant reduced myocardial fibrosis, as well as decreased phospho-p38 MAPK, TIMP-1, and TNFalpha proteins, and serum TNFalpha level, accompanied by improved cardiac function in the SMT-treated rats in a dose-dependent manner as compared with the MIR. These results suggested that SMT could anti-inflammation-induced myocardial fibrosis and reverse LV remodeling in MI rats, and the mechanism may be related to the effect of SMT on inhibiting p38 MAPK signaling pathway.     

乌司他丁对中性粒细胞NF—κB活性及血浆TNF—α和IL-8水平的影响

目的观察乌司他丁对体外循环（cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB）患者中性粒细胞（PMN）核因子κB（NF—κB）活性及血浆中TNF—α和IL-8水平的影响。方法选择在体外循环下行心脏直视手术的法洛四联症患儿40例,随机分成乌司他丁组（U组）和对照组（C组）,每组20例。U组于麻醉诱导后给予乌司他丁,C组患者则给予等容积的生理盐水代替。分别于麻醉后手术前（T1）、CPB开始后30min（他）、CPB停止后30min（T3）、CPB停止后4h（T4）和CPB停止后24h（T5）抽血,应用ELISA法检测NF—κB活性及血浆中TNF—α和IL-8水平。结果两组PMNNF—κB活性在CPB开始后逐渐升高,T3时达到峰值,之后逐渐下降,但在T5时点依然高于术前水平;U组在T2、B、T4、rr5时点PMNNF—κB活性均低于C组（P〈0．05）。两组TNF-α和IL-8水平均于手术开始后逐渐升高（P〈0．05）,T3达高峰,之后逐渐下降,在T5时点基本恢复正常;C组TNF—α和IL-8水平在T3、T4时点均显著高于U组（p〈0．05）。U组NF—κB的活性与血浆TNF-仪水平呈正相关,相关系数为0．533（P〈0．05）;NF—κB的活性与血浆IL-8水平亦呈正相关,相关系数为0．528（P〈0．05）。C组NF—κB的活性与血浆TNF—α、IL-8水平亦呈正相关,相关系数分别为0．531、0．512（P〈0．05）。结论乌司他丁可以通过降低CPB患者PMNNF—κB活性进而降低血浆TNF—α和IL-8的表达,抑制体外循环后的炎症反应。     

围胰腺区域性微创治疗大鼠重症急性胰腺炎的实验研究

目的 观察围胰腺区域性微创治疗方案对重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）大鼠的影响.方法 72只SD大鼠随机分为自然病程组（SAP组）、常规治疗组（R组）、DDFA治疗组（DDFA组）、微创治疗组（W组）,各组分配18只.每组分6、12、24 h三个时间点,每时间点分配6只.采用5%牛黄胆酸钠逆行胰管注射法建立大鼠SAP模型.建模后按时间点分批采血并测血白细胞、血淀粉酶,提取血清测IL-6、TNF-α、PL-A2,吸取腹腔液测淀粉酶,取胰腺组织制作病理切片.结果 各组各时间点间腹腔液淀粉酶含量及血淀粉酶含量、白细胞计数、血清IL-6、TNF-α、PL-A2含量、病理评分比较均有显著性差异.结论 围胰腺区域性微创治疗方案能显著降低大鼠血白细胞、淀粉酶、IL-6、TNF-α、PL-A2、腹水淀粉酶、胰腺组织病理评分,是阻止SAP进展的有效方法.     

TNF-α和IL-13基因多态性与儿童哮喘的关系

目的：通过研究TNF-α和IL-13基因的多态性为哮喘的诊断提供基础。方法：选择105例哮喘患儿和正常儿童80例。采集外周静脉血,采用多聚酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）技术检测TNF-α和IL-13基因多态性。结果：病例组等位基因TNF-αA的分布频率均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。IL-13位点病例组等位基因A的分布频率远高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：TNF-α和IL-13多态性可能做为确定哮喘易感人群的一个重要指标。     

Is it feasible to remove circulating TNF specifically by immunoadsorption

Thereareincreasingevidencesthattumournecrosisfactor--aisaprincipalmediatorinthecascadeofpathophyslologiceventsthatfollowgramnegativesepticemia.DecreasingplasmaTNFlevelorblockingitsbioactivitycouldbeanewmajorsupplementtoconventionaltherapyandsupportivecare.Ithasbeenprovedthattheuseofhigh--dosecorticosteroidsprovidesnobenefit.Passiveimmunizationwithanti--TNFantibodiesmaybeconsideredasanefficaciousformoftherapy,butthentherapeuticwindowsisverynarrow.Plasmaphersisandcontinuoushemodiafiltrationco…     

糖尿病血管病变患者致胃轻瘫的临床分析

目的 观察糖尿病胃轻瘫患者肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-a）、C-反应蛋白（CRP）检测水平的变化.方法 选取2011年3月-2012年9月在我院门诊及住院的26例糖尿病性胃轻瘫患者为研究对象,同时选取26例健康者作为对照,抽取清晨空腹静脉血化验血糖（FBG）,TNF-a、CRP,然后将两组患者以上各项指标进行分析比较.结果 观察组FBG、TNF-α、CRP均明显高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 糖尿病胃轻瘫患者TNF-a、CRP检测水平升高,导致或加重神经病变,致胃排空能力下降,出现相应的腹胀、恶心、呕吐等临床症状.     

乌司他丁对体外循环下瓣膜置换术患者TNF—α、MDA、PMN的影响

目的观察体外循环（cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB）下瓣膜置换围术期应用乌司他丁药物对肺保护作用。方法选择30例择期行心脏瓣膜置换术的患者随机分为乌司他丁组和对照组,每组15例。乌司他丁组给予乌司他丁12000IU·kg-1于切皮后至CPB前缓慢静注半量,另半量加入预充液中随转机进入体内;对照组给予等量0．9％氯化钠注射液,用法同乌司他丁组。两组分别麻醉诱导后即切皮前（T1）、体外循环45min时（T2）、体外循环停机前5min（T3）、停机后6h（T4）及停机后24h（T5）5个时间点,T1-T3时间点即刻送动脉血检测中性粒细胞（PMN）值;分离血清检测T1～T3时点丙二醛（MDA）浓度和T1～T5时点TNF—α浓度。结果两组CPB开始后血清TNF—α、MDA、PMN浓度逐渐升高,CPB停机前5min三者血清浓度达到高峰,CPB后24hTNF—α仍维持在很高的水平;乌司他丁组T3～T5时点的血清TNF—α浓度及T2-T3时点的血清MDA浓度、PMN值低于对照组相同时点值,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论乌司他丁可降低体外循环心脏瓣膜置换术CPB期间血液PMN及血清TNF-α、MDA的表达,起到肺保护的作用。     

不同糖代谢状态人群血清CTRP3和25(OH)D水平及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的：测定不同糖代谢状态人群血清中C1q/肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白3（CTRP3）和25羟维生素D[25（OH）D]的水平,探讨其影响因素并分析其与胰岛素抵抗（IR）的关系。方法：选择初诊2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者44例（T2DM组）、糖耐量减低（IGT）患者42例（IGT组）和体检健康者54人（正常对照组）,测定各组受试者血清中CTRP3、空腹静脉血糖（FPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、空腹胰岛素（FIns）和25（OH）D水平,计算体质量指数（BMI）、稳态模型IR指数（HOMA-IR）、稳态模型胰岛素分泌指数（HOMA-β）,两因素之间相关性分析采用Pearson相关分析法,采用多元逐步回归分析法分析HOMA-IR和HOMA-β的影响因素。结果：与正常对照组比较,IGT组患者血清中HDL-C、25（OH）D水平和HOMA-β值明显降低（P<0.05）,T2DM组患者血清中FPG、HbA1c、TG、TC、FIns水平和BMI、HOMA-IR值明显升高（P<0.05）,而血清中CTRP3、HDL-C、25（OH）D水平和HOMA-β值明显降低（P<0.05）;与IGT组比较,T2DM组患者血清中FPG、HbA1c、TG、FIns水平和HOMA-IR值明显升高（P<0.05）,血清中HDL-C水平和HOMA-β值明显降低（P<0.05）。不同糖代谢状态人群血清中CTRP3水平与HbA1c、FIns水平和HOMA-IR呈负相关关系（r=-0.391,P<0.05;r=-0.198,P<0.05;r=-0.481,P<0.05）;25（OH）D水平与TG、FPG和HOMA-IR呈负相关关系（r=-0.209,P<0.05;r=-0.406,P<0.05;r=-0.306,P<0.05）,与HOMA-β呈正相关关系（r=0.329,P<0.05）。HbA1c和CTRP3为HOMA-IR的独立影响因素,25（OH）D、FPG和HbA1c为HOMA-β的独立影响因素。结论：血清CTRP3和25（OH）D水平与IR呈负相关关系,在糖尿病发生发展过程中起抑制作用。     

Anti-glycative and anti-inflammatory effects of protocatechuic acid in brain of mice treated by d-galactose

Protocatechuic acid (PCA) at 0.5%, 1% or 2% was supplied to d-galactose (DG) treated mice for 8 week. PCA intake at 2% increased its deposit in brain. DG treatment increased brain level of reactive oxygen species, protein carbonyl, carboxymethyllysine, pentosidine, sorbitol, fructose and methylglyoxal (P < 0.05). PCA intake, at 1% and 2%, lowered brain level of these parameters (P < 0.05). DG treatments enhanced activity and protein expression of aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase, as well as declined glyoxalase I (GLI) activity and protein expression (P < 0.05). PCA intake at 1% and 2% reduced activity and protein expression of AR (P < 0.05), and at 2% restored GLI activity and expression (P < 0.05). DG injection also elevated cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 activity and expression, and increased the release of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and prostaglandin E₂ in brain (P < 0.05). PCA intake decreased these cytokines (P < 0.05), and at 1% and 2% suppressed COX-2 activity and expression (P < 0.05). PCA intake at 1% and 2% also lowered DG-induced elevation in activity, mRNA expression and protein production of nuclear factor kappa B p65 (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the supplement of protocatechuic acid might be helpful for the prevention or alleviation of aging.     

Comparative study between atorvastatin and losartan on high fat diet‐induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats

Obesity is often associated with chronic inflammatory state which contributes to the development of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study investigated the effects of single and combined administration of atorvastatin (ATOR, lipid‐lowering drug) and losartan (LOS, angiotensin receptor antagonist) on metabolic disorders and inflammatory status that are implicated in the development of T2DM with the use of pioglitazone (PIO) as a standard antidiabetic drug. T2DM was induced in male rats by high‐fat diet (HFD) feeding for 16 weeks. Oral administrations of ATOR (10 mg/kg), LOS (20 mg/kg), PIO (3 mg/kg), their binary combinations, or vehicle were started in the last 4 weeks. Fasting serum glucose, oral glucose tolerance, fasting serum insulin, IR, serum lipid profile, serum TNF‐α and body composition index were determined. Results showed that all drugs and their combinations had positive impact effect on all measured parameters, and better results were achieved from binary drug combinations than administration of each drug alone. Combination of PIO with either ATOR or LOS provided better improvements on T2DM‐associated metabolic abnormalities and inflammatory status with respect to each drug alone. However, the most pronounced effects of drugs and their combinations regarding the above parameters were attributed to LOS + PIO combination. In conclusion, this study indicates that combination of ATOR + PIO and, in particular, LOS + PIO can be used as promising effective therapies in the management of HFD‐induced T2DM. This concept may be attributed to the combined effects of the respective monotherapies to improve lipid profile, insulin sensitivity, and TNF‐α level.