The Preventable Productivity Burden of Kidney Disease in Australia

Open in a separate window     

南通市经济技术开发区居民2013年恶性肿瘤疾病负担分析

目的 分析2013年南通市经济技术开发区(开发区)恶性肿瘤的死亡流行特征及疾病负担,为恶性肿瘤防治提供科学依据。 方法 通过计算恶性肿瘤死亡率、标化死亡率、伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life years,DALYs)、早死所致寿命年(years of life lost,YLLs)和残疾所致寿命年(years lived with disability,YLDs)指标,分析主要恶性肿瘤的疾病负担和人群分布特征。 结果 2013年南通市开发区恶性肿瘤死亡率为209.88/10万,标化死亡率为103.20/10万。恶性肿瘤所致DALYs率为20.66/千人,男性和女性分别为26.97/千人和14.50/千人。恶性肿瘤DALYs损失以YLLs为主,占86.27%。DALYs前5位与死亡率顺位一致,依次为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结直肠癌和食管癌,其中男性DALYs率最高的为肝癌6.66/千人,女性DALYs率最高的是肺癌3.13/千人。 结论 肺癌和肝癌仍是危害南通市开发区居民健康的主要癌种,45岁以上人群是预防和干预的重点人群,应针对性开展筛查和防治工作,以减少疾病负担。     

Clinical outcomes of catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: Insights from the Johns Hopkins ARVC Program

1. Download : Download high-res image (244KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

The Constipation Severity Instrument: A Validated Measure

Purpose This study was designed to develop and test the validity and reliability of the Constipation Severity Instrument. Methods Scale development was conducted in two stages: 1) 74 items were generated through a literature review and focus groups of constipated patients and medical providers; and 2) a preliminary instrument was administered to 191 constipated patients and 103 healthy volunteers. Test-retest reliability of the constipated group was assessed (N = 90). Content, convergent, divergent, and discriminant validity were evaluated by using other validated measures by performing one-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlations. Results Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed three subscales: obstructive defecation, colonic inertia, and pain. Internal consistency (α = 0.88–0.91) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.84–0.91) were high for all subscales. Constipated patients were grouped by Rome II criteria: functional constipation (22 percent), pelvic floor dyssynergia (15 percent), constipation predominant irritable bowel syndrome (23 percent), and no specific criteria (40 percent). Those with constipation predominant irritable bowel syndrome or pelvic floor dyssynergia scored higher on the Obstructive Defecation and Colonic Inertia subscales than those with functional constipation or no specific criteria (P = 0.001–0.058). Subjects with functional constipation had much lower scores on the pain subscale than constipation predominant irritable bowel syndrome, functional constipation, or no specific criteria (P < 0.009).The Constipation Severity Instrument subscale and total score correlated very highly with the subscales and total score of the Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptom measure. The Constipation Severity Instrument subscales discriminated well between constipated patients and healthy volunteers (P < 0.001) and demonstrated excellent divergent validity. Higher Constipation Severity Instrument scores inversely correlated with general quality of life. Conclusions The Constipation Severity Instrument is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing constipated patients. Administration of the Constipation Severity Instrument to other constipated patients will further validate its use. Supported by the University of California San Francisco Hellman Family Award for Early Career Faculty. Read at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, St. Louis, Missouri, June 2 to 6, 2007. Reprints are not available.     

Acid-suppression Therapy Offers Varied Laryngopharyngeal and Esophageal Symptom Relief in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Patients

It is widely accepted that laryngopharyngeal reflux requires more aggressive and prolonged therapy than gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Otolaryngologists often observe that laryngopharyngeal symptoms, such as throat clearing, hoarseness, cough, and globus pharyngeus, are slower to resolve than esophageal symptoms, such as heartburn and regurgitation. The aim of this was to provide empirical evidence to support this observation and to carry out a detailed investigation of the differences between these symptoms. Forty-five patients with laryngopharyngeal and esophageal symptoms received acid-suppression therapy that involved the continuous administration of a proton-pump inhibitor for up to 6 months. We investigated the differences in response to acid-suppression therapy between patients suffering from laryngopharyngeal and esophageal symptoms, respectively, who received upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and were assayed for serum Helicobacter pylori antibodies. The significance of the rate of symptom improvement was estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and the logrank test. Laryngopharyngeal symptoms improved significantly more slowly than esophageal symptoms following acid-suppression therapy (49.8 vs. 78.3%, 60 days after the start of acid suppression; P = 0.003). These differences were observed both in patients with erosive esophagitis (P = 0.008) and in H. pylori-seronegative patients (P = 0.001).     

Vaccine introduction in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

The feasibility of mass vaccination campaigns for Japanese encephalitis and Haemophilus influenzae type b infections was explored in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea using pilot vaccination studies. The experiences from these initial studies were then used to support larger vaccination campaigns in children at risk of these infections. We discuss the challenges and requirements for the inclusion of additional vaccines into the existing expanded program on immunization in the country.     

Dual antiplatelet agents and Rivaroxaban for massive intracoronary thrombus in STEMI

Management of intracoronary thrombus in patients presenting more than 12 hours after the onset of ST elevation myocardial infarction is challenging. We present such a case which had massive thrombus in left anterior descending artery. It was managed successfully with dual antiplatelet agents and factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban administered orally.     

Evaluating the clinical value of the hypoxia burden index in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Purpose: We aimed to develop a novel index, the hypoxia burden index (HBI), that reflects the degree and duration of oxygen desaturation, and to determine whether this index is better than the apnea hypopnea-index (AHI) for evaluating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular diseases morbidities.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 459 adult subjects who underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG) in this study. The HBI was calculated by dividing the total desaturation area of SpO₂ below 90% by the TST measured in seconds. Correlations between the HBI and PSG parameters and the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) of inpatients were explored.

Results: For the 459 participants, the HBI was highly correlated with the AHI (r = 0.690), lowest oxygen saturation (SpO₂min) (r = ?0.733), and proportion of cumulative sleep time with SpO₂ below 90% in total sleep time (TST) (CT90%) (r = 0.801). The HBI was mildly correlated with Epworth sleepiness scale score, morning systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure. Among the significantly different parameters in the CVD and non-CVD groups in 202 inpatients (age, sex, the longest time of apnea, AHI, and HBI), only age, sex, and HBI [OR 1.006 (1.001–1.011), p = 0.021] were independently correlated with CVDs.

Conclusions: The HBI considers both hypoxia duration and severity during sleep. It may have potential value in predicting the clinical outcomes of OSA based on its correlation with ESS scores and morning blood pressure as well as its independent association with the prevalence of CVDs, whereas the AHI is not significantly associated with CVD prevalence.     

Expressed emotion and family burden in relatives of patients in first-episode psychosis

BACKGROUND

Evidence suggests that expressed emotion (EE) and family burden (FB) are phenomena that interact, but there is a lack of studies that analyze this association in patients in first-episode psychosis.

Congruence Between Latent Class and K-Modes Analyses in the Identification of Oncology Patients With Distinct Symptom Experiences

Context

Risk profiling of oncology patients based on their symptom experience assists clinicians to provide more personalized symptom management interventions. Recent findings suggest that oncology patients with distinct symptom profiles can be identified using a variety of analytic methods.