对比剂肾病及他汀类药物对其预防的研究进展

随着现代影像学的发展和心脏介入诊治术中对比剂的广泛应用,由对比剂引起的急性肾功能衰竭己成为当前医源性肾功能衰竭的第3位常见原因,带来了患者死亡率上升、治疗费用增加和住院时间延长等问题。目前,对比剂肾病（contrast—induced nephropathy,CIN）最常用的定义为：     

他汀类药物对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的益处

他汀类药物--3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶抑制剂,除了有降脂作用外,还有广泛的多效性,包括抗炎、抗氧化,抗凝、改善血管功能等作用.该药物的应用可以使慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者获益,本文将他汀类药物对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者治疗的机制和效果作一综述.     

他汀药物预治疗对高龄冠心病患者支架术预后的影响

目的 探讨术前他汀类药物治疗对高龄冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉支架治疗近期和远期预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析90例85岁以上冠心病患者术前他汀应用情况,观察其对预后的影响.结果 90例患者中,33例经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术前接受他汀治疗,57例PCI术前未接受他汀治疗.80例(88.9%)为急性冠状动脉综合征.术前接受他汀治疗组血脂异常、既往心肌梗死病史、既往PCI、开口病变、药物涂层支架(DES)植入比例比例略高.住院期间主要心血管不良事件(MACE)发生率要低于术前未接受他汀治疗组(3.0%比10.5%,P=0.05).随访1年时MACE发生率两组相似(6.1%与3.8%,P=0.07).整个研究人群1年生存率较高.结论 他汀预治疗对高龄冠心病支架术后可能降低住院期间MACE,而不一定能改善1年预后.     

A role of nitric oxide in neurite outgrowth of neuroblastoma cells triggered by mevastatin or serum reduction

Neuroblastoma cell lines are commonly used as a model to study neuronal differentiation as they retain the capacity to differentiate into a neuronal-like phenotype. It is of great medical interest to understand the signalling pathways biasing differentiation versus proliferation. Neuroblastoma cells differentiate in response to serum reduction or addition of the cholesterol synthesis inhibitor mevastatin. The responsible pathways are not well characterized. In Neuro2a neuroblastoma cells, we found that mevastatin and serum withdrawal triggered the production of nitric oxide (NO). In addition, the differentiation of Neuro2a cells and the activation of Akt/PKB triggered by serum withdrawal could be blocked by addition of the NO synthetase (NOS) inhibitor l-NAME. Moreover, mevastatin and serum withdrawal rapidly increased the expression of the neuronal NOS isoform nNOS. However, addition of an NO donor SNP per se did not trigger neurite outgrowth. Taken together, we report for the first time a role of NO in neurite outgrowth of neuroblastoma cells triggered by mevastatin or serum reduction.     

Role of statin on mortality outcome in pneumonia patients: A meta-analysis

AIM: To determine the role of statin on mortality outcome in patient with pneumonia.METHODS: For the present meta-analysis, we search the published literatures online through Pub Med, Embase, Scopus and the Cochrane Library databases and the search words used were "statins' ", "bacteraemia", "pneumonia", and "ICU infections". During the online search our focus was on full text articles, peerreviewed, observational cohort or case control studies and randomized controlled trials. Those studies were selected whose outcome was hospital mortality among patients with pneumonia whether or not on statins. In this meta-analysis, 30 d mortality was used as the primary outcome as it has been demonstrated in the previous research that 30 d mortality is primarily because of community acquired pneumonia. As all studies were observational, where statin users were compared with historical rather than randomized controls, odds ratio for in-hospital or all-cause 30 d mortality was used as the primary effect measure used in the meta-analysis.RESULTS: We came across the total 25 studies comprising 35355 patients(2734 statin users and 32621 statin non-users) during the electronic search. Four studies out of 25 were included in the final analysis. In this meta-analysis, when data regarding the use of statin in pneumonia patients on mortality was pooled, its results showed the non-significant effect of the statin on mortality outcome.CONCLUSION: Although statins seems to be useful in the treatment of pneumonia patients but for statistical conclusion, further randomized controlled trials needs to be done or their results still waited to be published of ongoing trials, with the conclusion that presently statins showing no clinical benefit in the pneumonia patients.     

Bisphosphonate Use Does Not Impact Survival in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

Background/AimsBisphosphonates are increasingly recognized for their anti-neoplastic properties, which are the result of their action on the mevalonate pathway. Our primary aim was to investigate the association between bisphosphonate use and survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. Since statins also act on the mevalonate pathway, we also investigated the effect of the combined use of bisphosphonates and statins on survival.MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry (SEER)-Medicare linked database was used to identify patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) between 2007 and 2015. Kaplan-Meier models were used to examine the association between survival with bisphosphonate use alone and in combination with statins within 1 year prior to the diagnosis of PDAC. Propensity score matching analysis and Cox-proportional hazard models were used to determine the association between overall survival with bisphosphonate use alone and combined with statins, after adjusting for relevant confounders, such as the Charlson comorbidity index score, stage, treatment, sociodemographic characteristics, and propensity score.ResultsIn total, 13,639 patients with PDAC were identified, and 1,203 (8.82%) used bisphosphonates. There was no difference in the mean survival duration between bisphosphonate users (7.27 months) and nonusers (7.25 months, p=0.61). After adjustment for confounders, bisphosphonate use was still not associated with improved survival (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.93 to 1.08; p=0.96). Combined bisphosphonate and statin use was also not associated with improved survival (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.87 to 1.07; p=0.48) after adjustment for confounders.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the use of bisphosphonates, whether alone or in combination with statins, does not confer a survival advantage in patients with PDAC. (Gut Liver 2021;15-790)     

早期与延迟他汀治疗对急性缺血性卒中患者血清超敏C-反应蛋白及预后的影响

目的 探讨早期与延迟他汀治疗对急性缺血性卒中（AIS）患者血清超敏C-反应蛋白（hs-CRP）和预后的影响。方法 选择2016年10月至2018年1月安徽省立医院神经内科住院的AIS患者267例,采用随机数字表法分为早期他汀治疗组（n=134）与延迟他汀治疗组（n=133）。两组患者分别于发病24 h内和第7天开始接受他汀治疗。采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评价入院时和发病第7天患者神经功能缺损情况;使用改良Rankin量表（mRS）评定第90天临床预后;通过胶乳增强免疫比浊法测定患者发病24 h内、第7天、第90天的hs-CRP水平。比较两组患者血清hs-CRP的变化、急性期神经功能的改善及90天预后良好比例,并分析延迟他汀治疗与预后不良的相关性。结果 早期他汀治疗组患者第7天hs-CRP水平较发病24 h内下降[（5.02±0.65）mg/L vs（6.45±0.59）mg/L],差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。早期他汀治疗组患者90天mRS评分预后良好的比例高于延迟他汀治疗组[48.51%vs 36.09%],差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。logstics回归分析显示,第7天hs-CRP水平、延迟治疗是预后不良的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 早期他汀治疗可降低AIS患者急性期血清hs-CRP浓度,并可改善预后。     

Effects of statin and antiplatelet therapy noncompliance and intolerance on patient outcomes following vascular surgery

ObjectivePrior studies have evaluated the effects of statin and antiplatelet agent (APA) medications on patients with peripheral arterial disease. Although the benefits of statin and APA use are well-described, there is a paucity of research into the specific outcomes of patients who are not compliant or those who are unable to take the medication owing to intolerance. Here we examine the outcomes of patients intolerant to statin and APA and compare them with patients who are compliant or noncompliant with these therapies.MethodsPatients treated from 2005 to 2018 in the Vascular Quality Initiative registry were included. Patients with missing data or deaths within 30 days of procedure were removed. Patients were considered noncompliant if they were previously prescribed a medication at discharge but were not taking it at 1-year follow-up or if the patient was reported to be noncompliant in the registry. Medication intolerance was defined if listed as “no, for medical reasons,” and mortality data were ascertained using the Social Security Death Index, which is regularly cross-referenced to the Vascular Quality Initiative registry.ResultsWe identified 105,628 patients who met our inclusion criteria. Statin intolerance was noted in 2.3% at discharge and 2.1% at the 1-year follow-up, with 0.7% listed as intolerant at all stages. Factors associated with increased risk of intolerance to statins included female gender (P = .001), discharge APA intolerance (P = .004), insurance status (non-U.S. insurance) (P < .001), discharge APA noncompliance (P = .019), and discharge angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor noncompliance (P = .005). Patients who were compliant with statins showed a 91% survival at 5 years vs 87% survival in noncompliant patients and 87% in intolerant patients at 5 years (P < .001). Patients with statin intolerance have a similar survival curve as noncompliant patients across all registry cohorts. Noncompliance with statins was correlated with noncompliance with APA medications (R = 0.16, P < .001). Factors associated with increased risk of statin noncompliance included preoperative ambulatory status (requiring assistance) (P = .039), female sex (P < .001), peripheral vascular intervention (P < .001) or infrainguinal open bypass procedure surgery (P = .001), discharge status (to nursing home) (P = .006) and insurance (self-pay) (P < .001).ConclusionsPatients not taking statin and APA medications have a substantially decreased 5-year survival irrespective of the reason for not taking. Importantly, patients noted to be intolerant have a similar survival curve as noncompliant patients across all registry cohorts. Intolerant patients may benefit from attempts to alter statin dose, type (hydrophilic vs lipophilic), or from newer agents such as PCSK9 inhibitors.